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Developments in national information and communication technology (ICT) are always interesting to follow. Based on research and studies so far, ICT development is closely related to the level of the national economy and productivity. This is also the basis for the Indonesian government to actively increase ICT infrastructure development in the 3T areas (Frontier, Outermost, and Disadvantages areas; directly translated from Bahasa Indonesia: Terdepan, Terluar, Tertinggal). BAKTI was appointed as the agency responsible for building and operating ICT infrastructure in the rural area. However, BAKTI itself has experienced various difficulties in building ICT infrastructure in 3T. The lack of appropriate core competencies, the high need for development funds, the limited quality of internet services that can be provided, and the lack of clarity in preparing entry and exit strategies and scenarios mean that BAKTI programs often do not achieve their initial targets and fulfill their initial development intentions. Therefore, new development strategies and modeling are needed to address these challenges while complying with and meeting global standards for providing internet access in rural areas. Using Porter's Five Forces model and SWOT analysis, situations analysis was then carried out. The results of this analysis are then used to develop a TOWS matrix so that strategies canbe developed that are relevant to the existing situation analysis. The results of this strategy emphasize the use of new technology which emphasizes cost efficiency, collaboration with the private sector, emphasizing a clear exit strategy, and optimizing the use of existing infrastructure. The usage of Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) is chosen for the proposed model in this study. A comparative analysis is then carried out by estimating the effectiveness and cost efficiency of the newly developed model and the existing model. A QSPM analysis was also carried out to answer the initial challenges by including all consideration factors, including cost-effectiveness and efficiency. The new model provides a higher score than the existing model, with a score of 4.65 versus 3.4.

The Krueng Keumirue sub-watershed is one of the crucial parts of the Krueng Aceh watershed. This watershed supplies the main water for Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh residents. One of the sub-watersheds in the region’s primary water source is Krueng Keumirue sub-watershed. However, the threat of land conditions leading to land degradation is the main problem threatening this watershed. The land in this area needs to be maintained to become a sustainable watershed. In a study of sub-watersheds that represent Krueng Aceh watershed conditions, the Krueng Keumireu Sub-watershed needs to be analyzed for its condition. The potential for land criticality is one of the considerations for studying this sub-watershed. This study used the scoring and overlay method to determine the level of land criticality in the Krueng Keumireu sub-watershed. The scoring and overlay method is a spatial analysis using thematic maps overlay technique related to factors that affect vulnerability assessment of critical land conditions. The scoring is based on weighting based on predetermined parameters. The results of this study show that the level of land criticality in the Krueng Keumireu sub-watershed consists of five classes of critical land conditions. The non-critical land class has a total area of 17,397.36 ha or 57.73% of the entire Krueng Keumireu sub-watershed. The critical potential class has an area of 8,332.16 ha or 27.65%, while the slightly critical class covers 4,007.11 ha or 13.30%. The critical class covers 392.01 ha or 1.30%, and the severe critical class only has an 8.47 ha or 0.03% area.

The study was conducted based on data from outcrop, well data, and springs with field orientation method assisted by the use of GPS and measurement tool physical and chemical properties of groundwater. Geological conditions investigated were geomorphology and stratigraphy, geomorphology unit study area consists of four units, namely geomorphology unit of strato volcano body, foot of strato volcano, intrusion units, and plains units and the river drainage patterns are parallel and subparallel. Stratigraphy in the study area are volcanic breccia (Qbv), Unit Andesite (Qa), Unit Tuff (Qtf) and Unit Clay Tuffan (Qlt). The characteristics of the groundwater of the study area are in form of the physico-chemical, major elements, and hydrolic parameter of the groundwater aquifers. From 27 locations, the water quality assesment by physico-chemical properties is classified as fresh water category and based on chemical major elements, has been classified 8 facies which are located in the study area. Then, there are two lithologies which act as aquifers ie, tuff and volcanic breccias. Conductivity values in the range of volcanic breccia aquifers respectively 0,128 m day and 0,288 m day, transmitivity (T) ranges respectively 1,9296 m2 day and 4,32 m2 day. The value of conductivity in tuff aquifer is 0,063 m day, transmitivity (T) is 0,95 m2 day. While lithology Qlt (Clay tuffan) is lithology with very low productivity of groundwater or called groundwater rare area (akiclud) and the rock units Qa (Andesite) is a non-aquifer that is the absence of groundwater in these rock units (akifug).

Agro-silvo-fishery and Trigona apiculture are two business models developed in the peatland ecosystem in Baru Village, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra. Since the beginning of 2022, two demo plots have been built in the same village landscape as part of the business model implementation. The system‘s agro-silvo-fishery was established by constructing a pond around a paddy field and planting betelnut, vegetables, and fruit trees. Local fish that had acclimated to the acidic peatland habitat were captured during the flooding and raised in the ponds. In the constrained biophysical and chemical conditions of swampy terrain, this method is thought to be the greatest way to provide a variety of revenue. Individual farmers cannot afford the costs associated with setting up this system, especially when it comes to constructing the pond and dykes. Individual farmers cannot afford the costs associated with establishing this system, especially when it comes to constructing the pond and dykes. Hence, support from the district and village government and program partners is valuable. The farmer group harvested corn and vegetables from the dykes and rice from the paddy fields in the first year, and fish were not ready for harvest. However, the local BUMDes saved the day by creating weekly regular fishing activities and competition events, generating revenue from tickets. Moreover, the Trigona apiculture became a popular place for those outside the village to learn free of charge. Based on profitability analysis, the NPV of establishing agro-silvo-fishery is Rp103.036.769 per 0.8 ha for 30 years, with additional income from ecotourism is estimated to reach Rp21.600.000 per year. The established demonstration plot has the potential to become an ecotourism destination, and the key is to maintain the surrounding flowers and plants as the source of food for bees and the water condition for the fish.

The intermittent electricity production from solar energy causes an increase in the need for energy storage technology. This research aims to determine the effect of piston mass on the charging efficiency of compressed air-gravity energy storage (CA-GES) in solar power plant applications. This research was conducted through experiments with a CA-GES prototype connected to an energy source from a solar power plant. The mass of the piston varied by 0.3 kg, 0.7 kg, and 2 kg, and the solar power source varied by 14.4 W, 15.5 W, and 22.6 W input power, with the target pressure on the CA-GES tank side of 2 bar. The results showed that the highest efficiency of 67% was obtained at an input power of 14.4 W and a piston mass of 2 kg. As the piston mass increases, the charging efficiency increases, increasing the stored electrical energy in the CA-GES energy storage system.

The Krueng Keumirue sub- watershed is one of the crucial parts of the Krueng Aceh watershed. This watershed supplies the main water for Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh residents. One of the sub-watersheds in the region’s primary water source is Krueng Keumirue sub-watershed. However, the threat of land conditions leading to land degradation is the main problem threatening this watershed. The land in this area needs to be maintained to become a sustainable watershed. In a study of sub-watersheds that represent Krueng Aceh watershed conditions, the Krueng Keumireu Sub-watershed needs to be analyzed for its condition. The potential for land criticality is one of the considerations for studying this sub-watershed. This study used the scoring and overlay method to determine the level of land criticality in the Krueng Keumireu sub-watershed. The scoring and overlay method is a spatial analysis using thematic maps overlay technique related to factors that affect vulnerability assessment of critical land conditions. The scoring is based on weighting based on predetermined parameters. The results of this study show that the level of land criticality in the Krueng Keumireu sub-watershed consists of five classes of critical land conditions. The non-critical land class has a total area of 17,397.36 ha or 57.73% of the entire Krueng Keumireu sub-watershed. The critical potential class has an area of 8,332.16 ha or 27.65%, while the slightly critical class covers 4,007.11 ha or 13.30%. The critical class covers 392.01 ha or 1.30%, and the severe critical class only has an 8.47 ha or 0.03% area.

A multivariate statistical technique of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) has been applied to identify and classify the various water sources that comprise the Rawadanau Basin. The data collection includes 60 samples taken during the dry (29 samples) and the rainy season (31 samples) in tropical regions. Sources of sampled water include dug wells, rivers, cold springs, and hot springs. Water chemistry measurable variables include field data (T, pH, EC), major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, HCO3 -, SO4 2-), SiO2 , Fetotal, Mn, and stable isotopes of water (δ2H, and δ18O). The correlation of the concentration of water chemistry shows changes in the rainy season to Fetotal and Mn. Interpretation based on HCA using the dendrogram based on the chemical elements of water produces two clusters. Cluster A reflects an unconfined aquifer and bicarbonate type. Meanwhile, cluster B is a chloride type from the confined aquifer and does not change in different seasons. The PCA results show that the three-component matrix accounts for 86.12% of the data structure describing the Rawadanau Basin water sources that volcanic rocks affect and strongly correlate with Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. PC1 has a high positive value for hydrochemical composition, indicating that lithology influences the kind of water. PC2 has a positive value for the stable isotope (δ18O and δ2H), meaning it is the main water source in Rawadanau. PC3 has a positive value for elevation and a negative for longitude, indicating a recharge area influenced by geological factors and is correlated with geothermal influences and volcanic rocks. This multivariate analysis can identify components and clusters of hydrochemical variables that have not been determined in previous studies.

This study investigates the determinants of crime rates across 34 Indonesian provinces from 2007 to 2023, with a particular focus on the impact of poverty and education. Employing a panel data approach with an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the research reveals significant long-term and short-term relationships between these factors and crime rates. The findings indicate that poverty rates have a significant positive long-term effect on crime rates, whereas the influence of average years of schooling is not statistically significant in the long run. In the short term, both the change in crime rates from the previous period and the change in average years of schooling from the two prior periods significantly affect current crime rate fluctuations. The presence of significant error adjustment coefficients suggests a cointegration relationship or long-term equilibrium among the model variables. Based on these results, this study recommends that policymakers and stakeholders develop strategies aimed at poverty reduction and improved access to quality education as a potential means to mitigate crime rates in Indonesia. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the need for additional investigation of other potential contributing factors, such as family structure, peer group influence, and availability of legal and illegal opportunities, to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of crime prevention and reduction efforts.  

This study investigates the determinants of crime rates across 34 Indonesian provinces from 2007 to 2023, with a particular focus on the impact of poverty and education. Employing a panel data approach with an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the research reveals significant long-term and short-term relationships between these factors and crime rates. The findings indicate that poverty rates have a significant positive long-term effect on crime rates, whereas the influence of average years of schooling is not statistically significant in the long run. In the short term, both the change in crime rates from the previous period and the change in average years of schooling from the two prior periods significantly affect current crime rate fluctuations. The presence of significant error adjustment coefficients suggests a cointegration relationship or long-term equilibrium among the model variables. Based on these results, this study recommends that policymakers and stakeholders develop strategies aimed at poverty reduction and improved access to quality education as a potential means to mitigate crime rates in Indonesia. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the need for additional investigation of other potential contributing factors, such as family structure, peer group influence, and availability of legal and illegal opportunities, to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of crime prevention and reduction efforts.

Biodiversity in high school that has been implemented so far has yet to use instructional tools that are oriented towards scientific literacy skills and higher-order thinking. Therefore, this research was intended to develop instructional tools for biodiversity, which aim to improve students’ scientific literacy and higher-order thinking skills. To do so, this research was carried out by adopting the Borg and Gall development model, which consisted of 4 stages, namely (1) needs analysis, (2) model design and development, (3) model validation, and (4) dissemination. The instruments included teaching material validation instruments, instructional tool instruments, and learning tool effectiveness instruments. Lastly, the data were analyzed descriptively and using ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance. The results showed that (1) based on the expert validation of the Biodiversity instructional tools developed in this study, were categorized as feasible to be implemented in learning activities with a score of 3.90; (2) The practicality of the developed Biodiversity learning tools has been well implemented (score 3.78); and responded well by students (score 3.01) and responded very well by teachers (score 3.63); (3) Implementation of Biodiversity learning tools shows better achievement of scientific literacy and higherorder thinking skills compared to conventional learning; and (4) the results of the Ancova test showed that the Biodiversity learning tools had an influence on students’ scientific literacy and higher order thinking skills (p<0.05). Overall, the results of developing Biodiversity instructional tools are effective in increasing the scientific literacy skills and higher-order thinking of high school students.