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"Ivory, James"
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Use caution when applying behavioural science to policy
Social and behavioural scientists have attempted to speak to the COVID-19 crisis. But is behavioural research on COVID-19 suitable for making policy decisions? We offer a taxonomy that lets our science advance in ‘evidence readiness levels’ to be suitable for policy. We caution practitioners to take extreme care translating our findings to applications.
Journal Article
Remembering Reasons for Reform: A More Replicable and Reproducible Communication Literature Without the Rancor
Increasing awareness of the “replication crisis” has prompted discussion about replicability and reproducibility in social and behavioral science research, including in communication. As with other fields, communication has seen discussion about concerns with the interpretation of existing research. One response has been the piecemeal adoption of “open science” practices in communication to reduce selectivity in analysis, reporting, and publication of research. Calls for further adoption of such practices have, in turn, been met with criticisms and concerns about the negative consequences of their adoption. Amidst disparate perspectives regarding solutions to replicability and reproducibility issues in communication science, difficulties building consensus and caution about negative outcomes are understandable, but they also present the risk of a status quo bias that could stall the improvement of the replicability and reproducibility of communication research. The urgency of the replication crisis for communication and the cost of inaction are presented here along three exemplifying dimensions perhaps of particular importance in communication research: (a) responsibility to the public, (b) stewardship of resources, and (c) membership in a community of scholars. While debate over solutions will continue, we would do well to keep in mind that problems with replicability and reproducibility in communication research are indeed a crisis needing immediate attention.
Journal Article
A tale of three retractions: a call for standardized categorization and criteria in retraction statements
While psychology and other scientific fields may not always live up to the ideal of self-correction, retractions are one effective mechanism to address flawed entries in the scientific record once they have already been published. Despite their utility, retractions are steeped in stigma for authors, and information about the role of authors in the retraction process is not consistently reported in retraction statements. Based on examples across the variety of existing retraction statements across fields, we propose three categories of retractions based on authors’ roles, as well as suggested standard criteria for retraction statements to ensure they provide adequate information about the process, rationale, and interpretability of retractions while providing authors with a voice in this very challenging outcome for their work.
Journal Article
Design and Performance of a Pinned Photodiode CMOS Image Sensor Using Reverse Substrate Bias
A new pinned photodiode (PPD) CMOS image sensor with reverse biased p-type substrate has been developed and characterized. The sensor uses traditional PPDs with one additional deep implantation step to suppress the parasitic reverse currents, and can be fully depleted. The first prototypes have been manufactured on an 18 µm thick, 1000 Ω·cm epitaxial silicon wafers using 180 nm PPD image sensor process. Both front-side illuminated (FSI) and back-side illuminated (BSI) devices were manufactured in collaboration with Teledyne e2v. The characterization results from a number of arrays of 10 µm and 5.4 µm PPD pixels, with different shape, the size and the depth of the new implant are in good agreement with device simulations. The new pixels could be reverse-biased without parasitic leakage currents well beyond full depletion, and demonstrate nearly identical optical response to the reference non-modified pixels. The observed excessive charge sharing in some pixel variants is shown to not be a limiting factor in operation. This development promises to realize monolithic PPD CIS with large depleted thickness and correspondingly high quantum efficiency at near-infrared and soft X-ray wavelengths.
Journal Article
Awareness of Risk Factors for Digital Game Addiction: Interviewing Players and Counselors
The potential dangers of digital games for the development of game addiction among their players are discussed in media as well as in scientific research. Research so far has identified several potential risk factors among social settings, traits, and playing motives. The present study provides first insights into the perceptions of risk factors by (non-addicted) players (
N
= 28) and by counselors (
N
= 7). By conducting individual interviews with both groups we found that players especially named social settings as the most important influence on the development of problematic playing behaviour while counselors focused more on further existing psychological problems. We argue that the experience of both groups has to be taken into account to guide the development of prevention and intervention programs.
Journal Article
U.S. Newspapers Cite Social Media More than Does the Egyptian Press
Articles in U.S. newspapers about demonstrators during the 2011 Egyptian revolution mention social media more frequently than do articles in Egyptian newspapers, and they also describe social media more often as an effective tool in the revolt.
Journal Article
