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"JIA Ping"
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Dietary Fiber and Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Related Mechanisms
(1) Background: Dietary fiber intake may provide beneficial effects on the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, observational studies reported inconsistent results for the relationship between dietary fiber intake and MetS risk. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify previous observational studies and a narrative review to summarize mechanisms involved in the potential relationship. (2) Methods: The literature was searched on PubMed and Web of Science until 28 November 2017. A random-effects model was used to calculate the summary risk estimates. Eleven cross-sectional studies and three cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results from the original studies were reported as odds ratios (ORs) or relative ratios (RRs) of the MetS associated with different levels of dietary fiber intake, and the ORs/RRs comparing the highest with lowest categories of the intake were pooled. (3) Results: For the cross-sectional studies, the pooled OR was 0.70 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61–0.82) with evidence of high heterogeneity (I2 = 74.4%, p < 0.001) and publication bias (p for Egger’s test < 0.001). After removing four studies, results remained significant (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58–0.78) and the heterogeneity was largely reduced (I2 = 32.4%, p = 0.181). For the cohort studies, the pooled RR was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.70–1.06). (4) Conclusion: Although the meta-analysis suggests an inverse association between dietary fiber intake and risk of MetS, and the association was supported by a wide range of mechanism studies, the findings are limited by insufficient cohort data. More prospective studies are needed to further verify the association between dietary fiber intake and the risk of MetS.
Journal Article
A self-consistent framework of topological amplitude and its SU(N) decomposition
A
bstract
We propose a systematic theoretical framework for the topological amplitudes of the heavy meson decays and their SU(
N
) decomposition. In the framework, the topologies are expressed in invariant tensors and classified into tree- and penguin-operator-induced diagrams according to which four-quark operators, tree or penguin, being inserted into their effective weak vertexes. The number of possible topologies contributing to one type of decay can be counted by permutations and combinations. The Wigner-Eckhart theorem ensures the topological amplitudes under flavor symmetry are the same for different decay channels. By decomposing the four-quark operators into irreducible representations of SU(
N
) group, one can get the SU(
N
) irreducible amplitudes. Taking the
D → PP
decay (
P
denoting a pseudoscalar meson) with SU(3)
F
symmetry as an example, we present our framework in detail. The linear correlation of topologies in the SU(3)
F
limit is clarified in group theory. It is found there are only nine independent topologies in all tree- and penguin-operator-induced diagrams contributing to the
D → PP
decays in the Standard Model. If a large quark-loop diagram, named
T
LP
, is assumed, the large ∆
A
CP
and the very different
D
0
→ K
+
K
−
and
D
0
→ π
+
π
−
branching fractions can be explained with a normal
U
-spin breaking. Moreover, our framework provides a simple way to analyze the SU(
N
) breaking effects. The linear SU(3)
F
breaking and the high order
U
-spin breaking in charm decays are re-investigated in our framework, which are consistent with literature. Analogous to the degeneracy and splitting of energy levels, we propose the concepts of degeneracy and splitting of topologies to describe the flavor symmetry breaking effects in decay. As applications, we analyze the strange-less
D
decays in SU(3)
F
symmetry breaking into Isospin symmetry and the charm-less
B
decays in SU(4)
F
symmetry breaking into SU(3)
F
symmetry.
Journal Article
Kaon generalized parton distributions and light-front wave functions in the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model
Kaon generalized parton distributions (GPDs) and the leading Fock state light-front wave functions are investigated in the framework of Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model with proper time regularization. In addition, we compared the form factors, parton distribution functions, and generalized form factors obtained from them, respectively. The first Mellin moments of GPDs result in the form factors of local currents. The second Mellin moments of vector GPDs are related to gravitational form factors, the quark mass distribution θ2 and the quark pressure distribution θ1. When taking a Fourier transform of GPDs in impact parameter space, we can get the mean-squared impact parameter for the quarks of the kaon: ⟨b⊥2⟩Ku=0.149 fm2, ⟨b⊥2⟩Ks=0.088 fm2. This means that the kaon s quark is nearer to the center of transverse momentum than the u quark. We also give the light-cone energy radius for the quarks of the kaon from the mass distribution θ2: rE,LCu,K=0.187 fm, rE,LCs,K=0.167 fm, and the light-cone charge radius from quark form factors of the kaon: rc,LCu,K=0.390 fm, rc,LCs,K=0.296 fm, which means that the s quark has a smaller extent than the u quark. The light-front transverse-spin distributions ρu1b⊥,s⊥ and ρu2b⊥,s⊥ show distortions, the average shift are ⟨b⊥y⟩1u=0.116 fm and ⟨b⊥y⟩2u=0.083 fm. On the kinematic domain associated with the valence-quark dominance, the unpolarized Wigner distribution from light-front wave functions is sharply peaked. It extends as the transverse position variable increases in magnitude and has a domain of negative support. Through the comparison of distributions from the two methods, we find that they give the same multi-dimensional mapping of the kaon in the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model.
Journal Article
Contact interaction analysis of pion GTMDs
A contact interaction is used to calculate an array of pion twist-two, -three and -four generalised transverse light-front momentum dependent parton distribution functions (GTMDs). Despite the interaction’s simplicity, many of the results are physically relevant, amongst them a statement that GTMD size and shape are largely prescribed by the scale of emergent hadronic mass. Moreover, proceeding from GTMDs to generalised parton distributions, it is found that the pion’s mass distribution form factor is harder than its electromagnetic form factor, which is harder than the gravitational pressure distribution form factor; the pressure in the neighbourhood of the pion’s core is commensurate with that at the centre of a neutron star; the shear pressure is maximal when confinement forces become dominant within the pion; and the spatial distribution of transversely polarised quarks within the pion is asymmetric. Regarding transverse momentum dependent distribution functions, their magnitude and domain of material support decrease with increasing twist. The simplest Wigner distribution associated with the pion’s twist-two dressed-quark GTMD is sharply peaked on the kinematic domain associated with valence-quark dominance; has a domain of negative support; and broadens as the transverse position variable increases in magnitude.
Journal Article
Spontaneous rupture of the spleen at full term during pregnancy: a case report
Spontaneous rupture of the spleen during pregnancy is a rare, fatal disease. This condition is easily misdiagnosed as uterine rupture, placental abruption, or other obstetric diseases; and if a timely diagnosis is not made and effective treatment instituted, serious sequelae rapidly develop, including hemorrhagic shock and maternal and fetal death. Here, we report a case of spontaneous splenic rupture in a woman in her third trimester of pregnancy. Furthermore, through a literature review, we discuss the possible presentations, symptoms, and causes of splenic rupture during pregnancy, in the hope of facilitating the early diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
Journal Article
Final-state rescattering mechanism of charmed baryon decays
A
bstract
The dynamical studies on the non-leptonic weak decays of charmed baryons are always challenging, due to the large non-perturbative contributions at the charm scale. In this work, we develop the final-state rescattering mechanism to study the two-body non-leptonic decays of charmed baryons. The final-state interaction is a physical picture of long-distance effects. Instead of using the Cutkosky rule to calculate the hadronic triangle diagrams which can only provide the imaginary part of decay amplitudes, we point out that the loop integral is more appropriate, as both the real parts and the imaginary parts of amplitudes can be calculated completely. In this way, it can be obtained for the non-trivial strong phases which are essential to calculate CP violations. With the physical picture of long-distance effects and the reasonable method of calculations, it is amazingly achieved that all the nine existing experimental data of branching fractions for the
Λ
c
+
decays into an octet light baryon and a vector meson can be explained by only one parameter of the model. Besides, the decay asymmetries and CP violations are not sensitive to the model parameter, since the dependence on the parameter is mainly cancelled in the ratios, so that the theoretical uncertainties on these observables are lowered down.
Journal Article
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Association Between the EORTC QLQ‐C30 Questionnaire and Cachexia in Patients With Gastric Cancer
Background Cancer cachexia is associated with poor quality of life (QoL) and reduced survival in patients with cancer. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ‐C30 is a widely used cancer‐specific health‐related QoL questionnaire that comprises 15 scales, consisting of five multi‐item functional scales, three multi‐item symptom scales, six single‐item symptom scales and a global health and quality‐of‐life scale. Our study aimed to analyse the association of each scale in the EORTC QLQ‐C30 questionnaire with cachexia and explore its influence on survival outcomes in patients with gastric cancer and cachexia. Methods This multicentre cohort study enrolled 3158 patients with gastric cancer, among whom 1711 were diagnosed with cachexia. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the individual scales of the EORTC QLQ‐C30 questionnaire significantly affected by cachexia. The Cox model was employed to evaluate the prognostic performance of EORTC QLQ‐C30 questionnaire scales in patients with gastric cancer and cachexia. Results In this study, the median age of patients with gastric cancer was 67.00 (interquartile range [IQR], 58.00–74.00) years, with 2178 (69.0%) men and 980 (31.0%) women. In logistic regression analyses, scales such as physical function (p < 0.001), global quality of life (p = 0.022), fatigue (p < 0.001), nausea and vomiting (p < 0.001), dyspnoea (p = 0.004), insomnia (p = 0.007), loss of appetite (p < 0.001), constipation (p < 0.001), diarrhoea (p = 0.017) and summary score (p = 0.039) were significantly associated with cachexia in patients with gastric cancer. According to the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, loss of appetite was the most significant scale associated with cachexia. Based on multivariate Cox analyses, the scales of physical function (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.00–1.77, p = 0.049), role function (HR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.15–1.90, p = 0.002), social function (HR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.40–2.56, p < 0.001), global quality of life (HR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.05–2.00, p = 0.026), financial impact (HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.15–2.03, p = 0.003) and summary score (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.01–1.91, p = 0.042) were independent risk factors for survival in patients with gastric cancer and cachexia. The concordance index (C‐index) and area under the curve (AUC) value for survival prediction were the highest for the social function scale. Conclusion The QoL of gastric cancer patients with cachexia was significantly reduced. Certain scales in the EORTC QLQ‐C30 were significantly associated with cachexia, especially the loss of appetite scale, and survival outcomes in patients with gastric cancer, especially social function. Emphasizing these scales can heighten our awareness of the impact of cachexia on QoL and enhance our ability to predict the survival of patients with gastric cancer and cachexia. Trial Registration: ChiCTR: 1800020329
Journal Article
Transarterial chemoembolization with PD-(L)1 inhibitors plus molecular targeted therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (CHANCE001)
There is considerable potential for integrating transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), programmed death-(ligand)1 (PD-[L]1) inhibitors, and molecular targeted treatments (MTT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is necessary to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of TACE combined with PD-(L)1 inhibitors and MTT in real-world situations. In this nationwide, retrospective, cohort study, 826 HCC patients receiving either TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT (combination group, n = 376) or TACE monotherapy (monotherapy group, n = 450) were included from January 2018 to May 2021. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) according to modified RECIST. The secondary outcomes included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and safety. We performed propensity score matching approaches to reduce bias between two groups. After matching, 228 pairs were included with a predominantly advanced disease population. Median PFS in combination group was 9.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.4–11.0) versus 8.0 months (95% CI, 6.6–9.5) (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.70,
P
= 0.002). OS and ORR were also significantly higher in combination group (median OS, 19.2 [16.1–27.3] vs. 15.7 months [13.0–20.2]; adjusted HR, 0.63,
P
= 0.001; ORR, 60.1% vs. 32.0%;
P
< 0.001). Grade 3/4 adverse events were observed at a rate of 15.8% and 7.5% in combination and monotherapy groups, respectively. Our results suggest that TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT could significantly improve PFS, OS, and ORR versus TACE monotherapy for Chinese patients with predominantly advanced HCC in real-world practice, with an acceptable safety profile.
Journal Article
GSDMD/Drp1 signaling pathway mediates hippocampal synaptic damage and neural oscillation abnormalities in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy
Background
Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptotic cell death is implicated in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) facilitates mitochondrial fission and ensures quality control to maintain cellular homeostasis during infection. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of the GSDMD/Drp1 signaling pathway in cognitive impairments in a mouse model of SAE.
Methods
C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to establish an animal model of SAE. In the interventional study, mice were treated with the GSDMD inhibitor necrosulfonamide (NSA) or the Drp1 inhibitor mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1). Surviving mice underwent behavioral tests, and hippocampal tissues were harvested for histological analysis and biochemical assays at corresponding time points. Haematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL assays were used to evaluate neuronal damage. Golgi staining was used to detect synaptic dendritic spine density. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy was performed to assess mitochondrial and synaptic morphology in the hippocampus. Local field potential recordings were conducted to detect network oscillations in the hippocampus.
Results
CLP induced the activation of GSDMD, an upregulation of Drp1, leading to associated mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, as well as neuronal and synaptic damage. Consequently, these effects resulted in a reduction in neural oscillations in the hippocampus and significant learning and memory deficits in the mice. Notably, treatment with NSA or Mdivi-1 effectively prevented these GSDMD-mediated abnormalities.
Conclusions
Our data indicate that the GSDMD/Drp1 signaling pathway is involved in cognitive deficits in a mouse model of SAE. Inhibiting GSDMD or Drp1 emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate the observed synaptic damages and network oscillations abnormalities in the hippocampus of SAE mice.
Journal Article