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"Jackson, L."
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The neural correlates of semantic control revisited
•A multimodal semantic control network was delineated with formal meta-analyses.•Semantic control recruits inferior and medial frontal and posterior temporal cortex.•A large extent of posterior temporal cortex was implicated and no parietal regions.•Semantic control is left-lateralised but regions show differential lateralisation.•The semantic control regions were situated in the context of the wider semantic network.
Semantic control, the ability to selectively access and manipulate meaningful information on the basis of context demands, is a critical component of semantic cognition. The precise neural correlates of semantic control are disputed, with particular debate surrounding parietal involvement, the spatial extent of the posterior temporal contribution and network lateralisation. Here semantic control is revisited, utilising improved analysis techniques and a decade of additional data to refine our understanding of the network. A meta-analysis of 925 peaks over 126 contrasts illuminated a left-focused network consisting of inferior frontal gyrus, posterior middle temporal gyrus, posterior inferior temporal gyrus and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. This extended the temporal region implicated, and found no parietal involvement. Although left-lateralised overall, relative lateralisation varied across the implicated regions. Supporting analyses confirmed the multimodal nature of the semantic control network and situated it within the wider set of regions implicated in semantic cognition.
Journal Article
Scripting the Black Masculine Body
Winner of the 2007 Everett Lee Hunt Award presented by the
Eastern Communication Association Scripting the Black
Masculine Body traces the origins of Black body politics in
the United States and its contemporary manifestations in popular
cultural productions. From early blackface cinema through
contemporary portrayals of the Black body in hip-hop music and
film, Ronald L. Jackson II examines how African American identities
have been socially constructed, constituted, and publicly
understood, and argues that popular music artists and film
producers often are complicit with Black body stereotypes. Jackson
offers a communicative perspective on body politics through a blend
of social scientific and humanities approaches and offers
possibilities for the liberation of the Black body from its current
ineffectual and paralyzing representations.
eBook
African American communication : examining the complexities of lived experience
\"Now in its third edition, this text examines how African Americans personally and culturally define themselves and how that definition informs their communication habits, practices, and norms. It includes new chapters that highlight discussions of gender and sexuality, intersectional differences, contemporary social movements, and digital and mediated communication. The book is ideally suited for advanced students and scholars in intercultural communication, interpersonal communication, communication theory, African American/Black studies, gender studies, and family studies.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
North Atlantic overturning and water mass transformation in CMIP6 models
Climate models are important tools for investigating how the climate might change in the future, however recent observations have suggested that these models are unable to capture the overturning in subpolar North Atlantic correctly, casting doubt on their projections of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Here we compare the overturning and surface water mass transformation in a set of CMIP6 models with observational estimates. There is generally a good agreement, particularly in the recent conclusion from observations that the mean overturning in the east (particularly in the Iceland and Irminger seas) is stronger than that in the Labrador Sea. The overturning in the Labrador Sea is mostly found to be small, but has a strong relationship with salinity: fresh models have weak overturning and saline models have stronger mean overturning and stronger relationships of the Labrador Sea overturning variability with the AMOC further south.We also find that the overturning reconstructed from surface flux driven water mass transformation is a good indicator of the actual overturning, though mixing can modify variability and shift signals to different density classes.
Journal Article
Global masculinities and manhood
\" Bringing together an array of interdisciplinary voices, Global Masculinities and Manhood examines the concept of masculinity from the perspectives of cultures around the world. In the era of globalization, masculinity continues to be studied in a Western-centric context. Contributors to this volume, however, deconstruct the history and politics of masculinities within the contexts of the cultures from which they have been developed, examining what makes a man who he is within his own culture. Highlighting manifestations of masculinity in countries including Jamaica, Turkey, Peru, Kenya, Australia, and China, scholars from a variety of disciplines grapple with the complex politics of identity and the question of how gender is interpreted and practiced through discourse. Topics include how masculinity is affected by war and conflict, defined in relation to race, ethnicity, and sexuality, and expressed in cultural activities such as sports or the cinema. Contributors are Bryant Keith Alexander, Molefi K. Asante, Murali Balaji, Radhika Chopra, Maurice Hall, Ronald L. Jackson II, Shino Konishi, Nil Mutluer, Mich Nyawalo, Kathleen Glenister Roberts, Margarita Saona, and Kath Woodward\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Agreement between self-reported and objectively measured sleep duration among white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese adults in the United States: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Abstract
Study Objectives
To identify systematic biases across groups in objectively and subjectively measured sleep duration.
Methods
We investigated concordance of self-reported habitual sleep duration compared with actigraphy- and single-night in-home polysomnography (PSG) across white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
Results
Among 1910 adults, self-reported sleep duration, determined by differences between bed and wake times, was overestimated in all racial groups compared with PSG and actigraphy. Compared with whites (ρ = 0.45), correlations were significantly lower only in blacks (ρ = 0.28). Self-reporting bias for total sleep time compared with wrist actigraphy was 66 min (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61–71) for whites, 58 min (95% CI: 48–69) for blacks, 66 min (95% CI: 57–74) for Hispanics, and 60 min (95% CI: 49–70) for Chinese adults. Compared with PSG, self-reporting bias in whites at 73 min (95% CI: 67–79) was higher than in blacks (54 min [95% CI: 42–65]) and Chinese (49 min [95% CI: 37–61]) but not different from Hispanics (67 min [95% CI: 56–78]). Slight agreement/concordance was observed between self-reported and actigraphy-based total sleep time (kw = 0.14 for whites, 0.10 for blacks, 0.17 for Hispanics, and 0.11 for Chinese) and PSG (kw = 0.08 for whites, 0.04 for blacks, 0.05 for Hispanics, and 0.01 for Chinese) across race/ethnicity.
Conclusions
Self-reported sleep duration overestimated objectively measured sleep across all races, and compared with PSG, overestimation is significantly greater in whites compared with blacks. Larger reporting bias reduces the ability to identify significant associations between sleep duration and health among blacks compared with whites. Sleep measurement property differences should be considered when comparing sleep indices across racial/ethnic groups.
Journal Article
Architecting cloud computing solutions : build cloud strategies that align technology and economics while effectively managing risk
\"'Big Data' refers to a new class of data, to which 'big' doesn't quite do it justice. Much like an ocean is more than simply a deeper swimming pool, big data is fundamentally different to traditional data and needs a whole new approach. Packed with examples and case studies, this clear, comprehensive book will show you how to accumulate and utilise 'big data' in order to develop your business strategy. Big Data Demystified is your practical guide to help you draw deeper insights from the vast information at your fingertips; you will be able to understand customer motivations, speed up production lines, and even offer personalised experiences to each and every customer. With 20 years of industry experience, David Stephenson shows how big data can give you the best competitive edge, and why it is integral to the future of your business. \"--Publisher's description.
Book
A Comparative Effectiveness Meta-Analysis of Drugs for the Prophylaxis of Migraine Headache
To compare the effectiveness and side effects of migraine prophylactic medications.
We performed a network meta-analysis. Data were extracted independently in duplicate and quality was assessed using both the JADAD and Cochrane Risk of Bias instruments. Data were pooled and network meta-analysis performed using random effects models.
PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Trial Registry, bibliography of retrieved articles through 18 May 2014.
We included randomized controlled trials of adults with migraine headaches of at least 4 weeks in duration.
Placebo controlled trials included alpha blockers (n = 9), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (n = 3), angiotensin receptor blockers (n = 3), anticonvulsants (n = 32), beta-blockers (n = 39), calcium channel blockers (n = 12), flunarizine (n = 7), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (n = 6), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (n = 1) serotonin agonists (n = 9) and tricyclic antidepressants (n = 11). In addition there were 53 trials comparing different drugs. Drugs with at least 3 trials that were more effective than placebo for episodic migraines included amitriptyline (SMD: -1.2, 95% CI: -1.7 to -0.82), -flunarizine (-1.1 headaches/month (ha/month), 95% CI: -1.6 to -0.67), fluoxetine (SMD: -0.57, 95% CI: -0.97 to -0.17), metoprolol (-0.94 ha/month, 95% CI: -1.4 to -0.46), pizotifen (-0.43 ha/month, 95% CI: -0.6 to -0.21), propranolol (-1.3 ha/month, 95% CI: -2.0 to -0.62), topiramate (-1.1 ha/month, 95% CI: -1.9 to -0.73) and valproate (-1.5 ha/month, 95% CI: -2.1 to -0.8). Several effective drugs with less than 3 trials included: 3 ace inhibitors (enalapril, lisinopril, captopril), two angiotensin receptor blockers (candesartan, telmisartan), two anticonvulsants (lamotrigine, levetiracetam), and several beta-blockers (atenolol, bisoprolol, timolol). Network meta-analysis found amitriptyline to be better than several other medications including candesartan, fluoxetine, propranolol, topiramate and valproate and no different than atenolol, flunarizine, clomipramine or metoprolol.
Several drugs good evidence supporting efficacy. There is weak evidence supporting amitriptyline's superiority over some drugs. Selection of prophylactic medication should be tailored according to patient preferences, characteristics and side effect profiles.
Journal Article