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"Jackson, Lawrence Patrick"
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The indignant generation : a narrative history of African American writers and critics, 1934-1960
The first narrative history of the neglected but essential period of African American literature between the Harlem Renaissance and the civil rights era.
Book
The Best American Essays 2017
\"Jamison has done an exceptional job curating this volume, selecting essayists who are diverse in ideas and experiences, and essays that are challenging, passionate, sobering, and clever.\" --Publishers Weekly \"The essay is political-and politically useful, by which I mean humanizing and provocative-because of its commitment to nuance, its explorations of contingency, its spirit of unrest, its glee at overturned assumptions; because of the double helix of awe and distrust-faith and doubt-that structures its DNA,\" writes guest editor Leslie Jamison in her introduction. From the Iraqi desert to an East Jerusalem refugee camp, from the beginnings of the universe to the aftermath of a suicide attempt, the genetic makeup of the eclectic and electric selections in The Best American Essays 2017 \"thrill toward complexity.\" The Best American Essays 2017 includes RACHEL KAADZI GHANSAH, LAWRENCE JACKSON, RACHEL KUSHNER, ALAN LIGHTMAN, BERNARD FARAI MATAMBO, WESLEY MORRIS, HEATHER SELLERS, ANDREA STUARTand others
eBook
Bucklin Moon and Thomas Sancton in the 1940s: Crusaders for the Racial Left
During the era of Moon's tenure at Doubleday, the firm became the national leader in publishing fiction and non-fiction revealing the unfair treatment of African Americans, books written by some black and many white authors. The New Republic transformed itself into a journal of the political right; the Rosenwald Fund spent its money and effectively disappeared from public memory; Yaddo either stopped inviting or stopped being popular among black writers; and New York publishers, insofar as their attitude toward the absence of non-white writers and editorial staff, could point to the 1920s as the pivotal era for racial integration.
Journal Article
Ralph Ellison's early life and intellectual foundation, 1913-1941
My dissertation, \"Ralph Ellison's Early Intellectual Foundation, 1913-1941,\" explores the life and education of the American writer Ralph Ellison. My thesis exposes his early intellectual and artistic formation in close detail, using many previously unavailable resources, in the effort to present a comprehensive view of his life. The biography combines the techniques of literary criticism, history, biography and psychoanalysis. I do not accept Ellison's popular autobiographical essays in his collections Shadow and Act (1964) and Going to the Territory (1986) at face value; nor do I impose the novel Invisible Man as a template through which to view or elaborate upon the author's life. In my dissertation I have crafted a careful analysis of Ellison's literary and intellectual education, paying close attention to psychological issues involving fathers, father figures, and the author's construction of manhood. Chapter I, \"Geography Is Fate,\" focuses on Lewis Ellison's military career and the settler life of blacks in early Oklahoma, detailing the father-son bond, which remained significant to Ellison throughout his career. Chapter II, \"Renaissance Man,\" explores Ellison's early itinerant years in Oklahoma City in an extremely poor family, headed by his mother Ida Lucy Ellison. Chapter III, \"Horn of Plenty\" displays Ellison's artistic facility in the context of the meteoric rise of the Oklahoma City \"Blue Devils\" jazz band. Chapter IV, \"Tuskegee and the Wasteland,\" discusses Ellison's college experience in four sections. Beginning with a pivotal train ride to Alabama, Ellison became a student at a school known for intellectual conformity. Despite the limitations, he studied in the music conservatory, performed in radical theater and joined an elite intellectual circle. Chapter V \"One-Winged Flying,\" brings Ellison to New York City, where he met leftist poet Langston Hughes and entered avant-garde artistic and intellectual circles. Chapter VI, \"Is Politics an Expression of Love?,\" follows Ellison after his return to New York City from Dayton, Ohio in 1938, exploring his work on the Federal Writers Project and his close relationship with Richard Wright.
Dissertation
Prevalence and risk factors of Rift Valley fever in humans and animals from Kabale district in Southwestern Uganda, 2016
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease caused by Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) found in Africa and the Middle East. Outbreaks can cause extensive morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock. Following the diagnosis of two acute human RVF cases in Kabale district, Uganda, we conducted a serosurvey to estimate RVFV seroprevalence in humans and livestock and to identify associated risk factors.
Humans and animals at abattoirs and villages in Kabale district were sampled. Persons were interviewed about RVFV exposure risk factors. Human blood was tested for anti-RVFV IgM and IgG, and animal blood for anti-RVFV IgG.
655 human and 1051 animal blood samples were collected. Anti-RVFV IgG was detected in 78 (12%) human samples; 3 human samples (0.5%) had detectable IgM only, and 7 (1%) had both IgM and IgG. Of the 10 IgM-positive persons, 2 samples were positive for RVFV by PCR, confirming recent infection. Odds of RVFV seropositivity were greater in participants who were butchers (odds ratio [OR] 5.1; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.7-15.1) and those who reported handling raw meat (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.2-9.8). No persons under age 20 were RVFV seropositive. The overall animal seropositivity was 13%, with 27% of cattle, 7% of goats, and 4% of sheep seropositive. In a multivariate logistic regression, cattle species (OR 9.1; 95% CI 4.1-20.5), adult age (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.6-5.6), and female sex (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.0-4.3) were significantly associated with animal seropositivity. Individual human seropositivity was significantly associated with animal seropositivity by subcounty after adjusting for sex, age, and occupation (p < 0.05).
Although no RVF cases had been detected in Uganda from 1968 to March 2016, our study suggests that RVFV has been circulating undetected in both humans and animals living in and around Kabale district. RVFV seropositivity in humans was associated with occupation, suggesting that the primary mode of RVFV transmission to humans in Kabale district could be through contact with animal blood or body fluids.
Journal Article
Blast Exposure in Rats with Body Shielding Is Characterized Primarily by Diffuse Axonal Injury
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the signature insult in combat casualty care. Survival with neurological damage from otherwise lethal blast exposures has become possible with body armor use. We characterized the neuropathologic alterations produced by a single blast exposure in rats using a helium-driven shock tube to generate a nominal exposure of 35 pounds per square inch (PSI) (positive phase duration ∼4 msec). Using an IACUC-approved protocol, isoflurane-anesthetized rats were placed in a steel wedge (to shield the body) 7 feet inside the end of the tube. The left side faced the blast wave (with head-only exposure); the wedge apex focused a Mach stem onto the rat's head. The insult produced ∼25% mortality (due to impact apnea). Surviving and sham rats were perfusion-fixed at 24 h, 72 h, or 2 weeks post-blast. Neuropathologic evaluations were performed utilizing hematoxylin and eosin, amino cupric silver, and a variety of immunohistochemical stains for amyloid precursor protein (APP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), ED1, and rat IgG. Multifocal axonal degeneration, as evidenced by staining with amino cupric silver, was present in all blast-exposed rats at all time points. Deep cerebellar and brainstem white matter tracts were most heavily stained with amino cupric silver, with the morphologic staining patterns suggesting a process of diffuse axonal injury. Silver-stained sections revealed mild multifocal neuronal death at 24 h and 72 h. GFAP, ED1, and Iba1 staining were not prominently increased, although small numbers of reactive microglia were seen within areas of neuronal death. Increased blood–brain barrier permeability (as measured by IgG staining) was seen at 24 h and primarily affected the contralateral cortex. Axonal injury was the most prominent feature during the initial 2 weeks following blast exposure, although degeneration of other neuronal processes was also present. Strikingly, silver staining revealed otherwise undetected abnormalities, and therefore represents a recommended outcome measure in future studies of blast TBI.
Journal Article