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The shapes of asteroids reflect interplay between their interior properties and the processes responsible for their formation and evolution as they journey through the Solar System. Prior to the OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer) mission, Earth-based radar imaging gave an overview of (101955) Bennu’s shape. Here we construct a high-resolution shape model from OSIRIS-REx images. We find that Bennu’s top-like shape, considerable macroporosity and prominent surface boulders suggest that it is a rubble pile. High-standing, north–south ridges that extend from pole to pole, many long grooves and surface mass wasting indicate some low levels of internal friction and/or cohesion. Our shape model indicates that, similar to other top-shaped asteroids, Bennu formed by reaccumulation and underwent past periods of fast spin, which led to its current shape. Today, Bennu might follow a different evolutionary pathway, with an interior stiffness that permits surface cracking and mass wasting.Near-Earth asteroid Bennu has a top-like shape with longitudinal ridges, macroporosity, prominent boulders and surface mass wasting, suggesting that it is a stiff rubble pile, according to early observations by the OSIRIS-REx mission.

Small, kilometre-sized near-Earth asteroids are expected to have young and frequently refreshed surfaces for two reasons: collisional disruptions are frequent in the main asteroid belt where they originate, and thermal or tidal processes act on them once they become near-Earth asteroids. Here we present early measurements of numerous large candidate impact craters on near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu by the OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer) mission, which indicate a surface that is between 100 million and 1 billion years old, predating Bennu’s expected duration as a near-Earth asteroid. We also observe many fractured boulders, the morphology of which suggests an influence of impact or thermal processes over a considerable amount of time since the boulders were exposed at the surface. However, the surface also shows signs of more recent mass movement: clusters of boulders at topographic lows, a deficiency of small craters and infill of large craters. The oldest features likely record events from Bennu’s time in the main asteroid belt.Near-Earth rubble-pile asteroid Bennu has an unexpectedly old surface, with numerous candidate impact craters and morphologically diverse boulders, according to early observations by the OSIRIS-REx mission.

BackgroundFutsal started being played in 1930 and the number of futsal players has increased all over the world ever since. Nonetheless, despite the fact that Spain is one of the most relevant national teams worldwide, information on the incidence of injuries and their anthropometric characteristics is sparse in this country.AimTo analyse medical assistance provided to players in their prematch concentration camps with the Spanish national team over five seasons, from 2010–2011 to 2014–2015, and also to collect data regarding anthropometric characteristics.Materials and methodsThis is a retrospective and detailed study of injuries players suffered over these five seasons. All variables were registered on an Excel spreadsheet and later analysed statistically.Results411 injuries were studied in total. The dominant somatotype was mesomorph and the injured pivots were both the most endomorphic and the most mesomorphic. The most injured body structure was the hamstring muscles, occurring due to training and intrinsic mechanisms, where fatigue was the most frequent diagnosis. Only a few complementary examinations were carried out and prematch withdrawal was rare.DiscussionThe skinfold test total sum was lower than that of the Spanish 11-a-side players or than that in the lower category futsal Spanish players. In various research studies analysing exclusively injuries occurring in matches, the most frequent injury is ligament injury by extrinsic mechanism. The body mass index was not a useful parameter when assessing players’ appropriate weight. Most injuries occurred in training sessions, mostly by intrinsic mechanism; the highest percentage of traumatic injuries occurred in official matches.

This study was carried out to assess influenza vaccination coverage among hospital personnel and the impact of health promotion campaigns, within the hospital, designed to increase vaccination coverage over three consecutive vaccination campaigns (2001–2002 to 2003–2004). The health promotion tool used in the 2001–2002 and 2002–2003 were informative posters distributed throughout the hospital. In the 2003–2004 season, the recommendation was also published in the internal bulletin and Web site of the hospital. In addition, a physician and a nurse from the Department of Preventive Medicine visited all departments offering vaccination in the work place. The overall vaccination coverage in the 2001–2002 campaign was 16% with coverage of 11.5% in nurses and 15% in physicians. In the 2002–2003 and 2003–2004 campaigns the overall vaccination coverage was 21% and 40%, respectively ( p < 0.01). Staff physicians and resident physicians reached 60 and 42% coverage rates in the 2003–2004 campaign, but coverage in nurses and nursing assistant remained around 30% ( p < 0.01). In summary, influenza vaccination coverage among hospital based healthcare personnel increased significantly during the last three seasons, however, it still remains low despite active attempts at promoting influenza vaccination.

Establishing the abundance and physical properties of regolith and boulders on asteroids is crucial for understanding the formation and degradation mechanisms at work on their surfaces. Using images and thermal data from NASA’s Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft, we show that asteroid (101955) Bennu’s surface is globally rough, dense with boulders, and low in albedo. The number of boulders is surprising given Bennu’s moderate thermal inertia, suggesting that simple models linking thermal inertia to particle size do not adequately capture the complexity relating these properties. At the same time, we find evidence for a wide range of particle sizes with distinct albedo characteristics. Our findings imply that ages of Bennu’s surface particles span from the disruption of the asteroid’s parent body (boulders) to recent in situ production (micrometre-scale particles).Bennu’s surface presents evidence of a variety of particle sizes, from fine regolith to metre-sized boulders. Its moderate thermal inertia suggests that the boulders are very porous or blanketed by thin dust. Bennu’s boulders exhibit high albedo variations, indicating different origins and/or ages.

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a rare complication of antiphospholipid syndrome. lt is a disseminated severe vascular pathology which presents with multi-organic dysfunction that progresses rapidly. Prognosis ends up being fatal in half of the cases. It may appear during pregnancy, surgery, infection, or after suspension of anticoagulation therapy. We studied two female patients with CAPS who survived after treatment with anticoagulation therapy and intravenous corticosteroids. The evolution of our two patients, after 17 months of follow-up under oral anticoagulant treatment was favourable and they are currently asymptomatic. In these patients the early diagnosis and treatment were essential to enhance their possibilities of survival.

Advances in Equine Upper Respiratory Surgery is a comprehensive, up-to-date reference on surgical techniques in the upper respiratory tract in the horse, presenting theory and background as well as detailed procedures information. Part of the Advances in Veterinary Surgery series copublished with the ACVS Foundation, the book covers the most common upper respiratory diseases, with in-depth information on laryngeal hemiplegia and dorsal displacement of the soft palate.  Providing a complete resource, the book reflects the current state of the art, offering a significant update on disorders of the nasal septum, nasal passage, paranasal sinuses, hard and soft palate, epiglottis, arytenoids, guttural pouch, and trachea in the horse. The book includes 200 images illustrating key points of each surgical procedure. Potential complications and expectation management are discussed alongside the technique information. Advances in Equine Upper Respiratory Surgery is a useful reference for those in clinical practice and surgical residents.

Zusammenfassung Die extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung (ECMO) ist ein intensivmedizinisches Verfahren, bei dem eine modifizierte Herz-Lungen-Maschine teilweise oder vollständig die Herz- und Lungenfunktion des Patienten übernimmt, um sekundäre Organschäden zu vermeiden. Die Anwendung einer ECMO hat in den letzten Jahren deutlich zugenommen, vor allem bei Patienten mit schwerem respiratorischem Versagen oder bei einem therapierefraktären Kreislaufstillstand. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit werden verschiedene Kanülierungstechniken sowie die physiologische Begründung, aktuelle Evidenz, Indikationen und Komplikationen eines ECMO-Systems beschrieben. Grundsätzlich wird bei erwachsenem Patienten zwischen „peripherem“ Zugang mit Kanülierung von peripheren Gefäßen (A. und V. femoralis) und „zentralem“ Zugang mit Kanülierung über die A. ascendens und den rechten Vorhof unterschieden. Ein zentraler Zugang bietet zwar die beste Drainage und die effektivste arterielle Perfusion und wird meistens nach herzchirurgischen Eingriffen bei Patienten mit Postkardiotomieschock eingesetzt, doch das Risiko für eine Blutung und/oder die Notwendigkeit einer Nierenersatztherapie und die Transfusionsrate sind wesentlich höher. Eine relativ einfache und wirkungsvolle Maßnahme ist eine periphere VA(venoarterielle)-ECMO, da sich durch eine transkutane Kanülierung mittels Seldinger-Technik besonders in Notfallsituationen die Implantationszeit wesentlich verkürzen lässt. Die derzeit am meisten diskutierte Problematik ist das Auftreten erhöhter linksventrikulären Nachlast durch die ECMO, die eine Blutstase und Dilatation des linken Ventrikels sowie Entwicklung eines Lungenödems zur Folge haben kann. In solchen Fällen sind Reduzierung des systemischen Widerstands und Entlastung des linken Herzens notwendig.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Ein Kardiomyozytenverlust bei akuten und chronischen Herzerkrankungen wird aufgrund einer nur sehr limitierten regenerativen Kapazität nicht durch eine adäquate Neubildung von Myozyten kompensiert. Adverse Remodelierungsprozesse mit Ersatzfibrose aggravieren den Pumpleistungsverlust bis hin zu einer terminalen Herzinsuffizienz. Aufgrund der schlechten Prognose und aus Ermangelung an letztlich wirksamen Behandlungsoptionen leitet sich die dringende Notwendigkeit für die Entwicklung alternativer, v. a. kurativer Therapiestrategien ab. Fragestellungen Im Rahmen mehrerer Arbeiten wurden Mechanismen mesodermaler Differenzierungsmechanismen während der embryofetalen Herzentwicklung, der kardiomyozytären Transdifferenzierung von Fibroblasten (kardiale Reprogrammierung) sowie der Reaktivierung putativer endogener Stammzellen nach kardialen Schädigungsereignissen untersucht. Material und Methoden Übersicht und Diskussion der Arbeiten, die kumulativ mit dem Ernst-Derra-Preis 2022 ausgezeichnet wurden, aktuelle Literaturrecherche über MEDLINE und PubMed, Ergebnisse 1. Die Zink-Finger-Transkriptionsfaktoren „Ying Yang 1“ (YY1) und „Myeloid zinc finger 1“ (Mzf1) sind wichtige Modulatoren der mesodermalen Kardiomyozytendifferenzierung. 2. Die forcierte Überexpression kardialer Transkriptionsfaktoren führt zu einer nur inkompletten kardiomyozytären Reprogrammierung von Fibroblasten. 3. Die Plastizität von durch Schädigungsereignissen reaktivierten Nkx2.5CE-positiven Zellen im adulten Herzen unterscheidet sich grundlegend von denen aus der Embryonalperiode. Schlussfolgerungen Ein tiefergehendes molekularbiologisches Verständnis der Mechanismen kardialer Entwicklungs- und endogener Regenerationsprozesse ist zentrales Ziel kardiovaskulärer Forschungsaktivitäten, um auf der Suche nach effektiven regenerativen Therapieoptionen bei der Behandlung von Patienten mit terminaler Herzinsuffizienz einen entscheidenden Schritt voranzukommen. Aktuell erscheinen Ansätze des Tissueengineerings, des zellulären Reprogrammierens sowie die endogene Stimulation der Kardiomyozytenproliferation am vielversprechendsten.