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Two nanostructured potassium–manganese oxides, with a layered (OL) and tunneled structure (OMS-2), were synthesized and their surface decorated with 1% Pd. All prepared samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, N 2 -BET specific surface area analysis, TPR, SEM/TEM. Catalytic activity in soot combustion in different reaction conditions was investigated ( tight contact, loose contact, loose contact with NO addition). The obtained results revealed, that manganese oxides are highly catalytically active in soot combustion, shifting the reaction temperature window by 280 °C for OMS-2 and 300 °C for OL in comparison to the non-catalytic process. Furthermore, Pd promotion is beneficial in all cases, lowering the window of soot combustion compared to the unpromoted oxides, with the most significant effect for loose contact conditions. The difference in activity between tight and loose contacts can be successfully bridged in the presence of NO due to its transformation into NO 2 . The particular activity of 1% Pd/OMS-2 and 1% Pd/OL pave the road for their further development towards catalytic system for efficient soot removal in the conditions present in diesel exhaust gases. Graphical Abstract

A series of potassium-promoted spinels (Mn, Fe, Co) were prepared with various K+ promoter locations: on the surface (surface promotion) or in the bulk (formation of new layered and tunneled nanostructures via solid state reaction). All prepared samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence and N2-BET specific surface area analysis. Catalytic activity in soot combustion in different reaction conditions was investigated (tight contact, loose contact, loose contact with NO addition). It was shown that in all cases the nanostructuration is more effective than the surface promotion, with the layered structures of KCo4O8, KMn4O8 being the most catalytically active phases, lowering the soot combustion down to 250 °C. The difference in activity between tight and loose contacts can be bridged in the presence of NO due to its transformation into NO2, which acts as the oxygen carrier from the catalyst surface into soot particles, eliminating the soot-catalyst contact difference.

In this work the influence of cobalt doping on both properties and catalytic activity of cryptomelane and birnessite in soot combustion was investigated in detail. The investigated samples have been synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and cobalt was introduced in two ways—by impregnation or by addition to the precursor mixture before hydrothermal treatment. The obtained catalysts have been characterized by XRF, BET, XRD, RS, XPS and ATR-IR. Surprisingly, no distinct effect of cobalt presence on catalytic activity has been found. Most probably cobalt was localized in the position of manganese within the cryptomelane/birnessite structure or within segregated manganese-cobalt complex oxides, where its oxidation level was fixed. A series of reference manganese-cobalt mixed oxides (100–0% Mn) have been synthesized to elucidate this effect. These samples have been structurally characterized and thermal evolution of their structures was profoundly investigated. A high tendency of cobalt incorporation into the manganese oxide matrix and its subsequent stabilization in the spinel forms was proposed as an explanation of the observed lack of a promotional effect of this additive in soot combustion.

A series of layered birnessite (AMn4O8) catalysts containing different alkali cations (A = H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, or Cs+) was synthesized. The materials were thoroughly characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, specific surface area analysis, work function, thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic activity in soot combustion in different reaction modes was investigated (tight contact, loose contact, loose contact with NO addition). The activity in the oxidation of light hydrocarbons was evaluated by tests with methane and propane. The obtained results revealed that alkali-promoted manganese oxides are highly catalytically active in oxidative reactions. In soot combustion, the reaction temperature window was shifted by 195 °C, 205 °C, and 90 °C in tight, loose + NO, and loose contact conditions against uncatalyzed oxidation, respectively. The catalysts were similarly active in hydrocarbon combustion, achieving a 40% methane conversion at 600 °C and a total propane conversion at ~450 °C. It was illustrated that the difference in activity between tight and loose contacts can be successfully bridged in the presence of NO due to its facile transformation into NO2 over birnessite. The particular activity of birnessite with H+ cations paves the road for the further development of the active phase, aiming at alternative catalytic systems for efficient soot, light hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds removal in the conditions present in combustion engine exhaust gases.

Two series of (0–4 wt%) potassium doped oxide catalysts based on iron and manganese spinel were prepared. The synthesized materials were characterized in terms of their structure (XRD, Raman spectroscopy) and surface electronic properties (work function measurements). The catalytic activity towards soot combustion was determined by temperature programmed oxidation of a physical mixture of soot and catalyst in tight contact in gas oxygen mixtures with and without NO addition. For iron spinel based materials, where potassium is localized at the surface, the catalytic activity correlates with the work function lowering upon K doping, while for manganese spinel based materials, where potassium is incorporated into the bulk (formation of KMn4O8 or KMn8O16), the correlation was not found. The presence of NO in the gas mixture leads to a systematic decrease of soot ignition temperature for all samples.

As can be seen from research, 44% of oncological problems disclose problems in relationships with a partner. About 80% of oncological patients report deterioration of the quality of their sexual life. Although the situation improves, a significant majority of ill persons do not obtain assistance in the scope of sexuality during oncological treatment. Intimacy is an important sphere of life and can support the process of recovery. Intimacy plays special role in the difficult period of the fight against disease. Independently of the applied method of oncological treatment, side effects of therapy can influence one's sexual life. This means that an increasing number of persons who are healed from cancerous disease are exposed to the long-term undesirable influence of treatment. The process of oncological treatment has an essential impact on the intimate life of those who suffer from oncological diseases. To a great extent, this process and the disease itself contribute to a decrease of the quality of life due to the appearance of symptoms caused by earlier menopause, they negatively influence the feeling desire and sexual performance. Unfortunately, despite the development of oncosexology, sexual problems of oncologically ill persons are not noticed, and sometimes they are played down or overlooked due to everyday problems.