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Multicollinearity and Regression Analysis
In regression analysis it is obvious to have a correlation between the response and predictor(s), but having correlation among predictors is something undesired. The number of predictors included in the regression model depends on many factors among which, historical data, experience, etc. At the end selection of most important predictors is something objective due to the researcher. Multicollinearity is a phenomena when two or more predictors are correlated, if this happens, the standard error of the coefficients will increase [8]. Increased standard errors means that the coefficients for some or all independent variables may be found to be significantly different from In other words, by overinflating the standard errors, multicollinearity makes some variables statistically insignificant when they should be significant. In this paper we focus on the multicollinearity, reasons and consequences on the reliability of the regression model.
Journal Article
Smartphone Sensors for Health Monitoring and Diagnosis
Over the past few decades, we have witnessed a dramatic rise in life expectancy owing to significant advances in medical science and technology, medicine as well as increased awareness about nutrition, education, and environmental and personal hygiene. Consequently, the elderly population in many countries are expected to rise rapidly in the coming years. A rapidly rising elderly demographics is expected to adversely affect the socioeconomic systems of many nations in terms of costs associated with their healthcare and wellbeing. In addition, diseases related to the cardiovascular system, eye, respiratory system, skin and mental health are widespread globally. However, most of these diseases can be avoided and/or properly managed through continuous monitoring. In order to enable continuous health monitoring as well as to serve growing healthcare needs; affordable, non-invasive and easy-to-use healthcare solutions are critical. The ever-increasing penetration of smartphones, coupled with embedded sensors and modern communication technologies, make it an attractive technology for enabling continuous and remote monitoring of an individual’s health and wellbeing with negligible additional costs. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research and developments in smartphone-sensor based healthcare technologies. A discussion on regulatory policies for medical devices and their implications in smartphone-based healthcare systems is presented. Finally, some future research perspectives and concerns regarding smartphone-based healthcare systems are described.
Journal Article
Role of Mitochondria in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects about 30% of the general population in the United States and includes a spectrum of disease that includes simple steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. Significant insight has been gained into our understanding of the pathogenesis of NALFD; however the key metabolic aberrations underlying lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and the progression of NAFLD remain to be elucidated. Accumulating and emerging evidence indicate that hepatic mitochondria play a critical role in the development and pathogenesis of steatosis and NAFLD. Here, we review studies that document a link between the pathogenesis of NAFLD and hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction with particular focus on new insights into the role of impaired fatty acid oxidation, the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and sirtuins in development and progression of NAFLD.
Journal Article
A novel oxidation strategy using a palladium nanocatalyst for stabilizing bisacodyl in polyethylene glycol suppositories
This research aimed to stabilize the bisacodyl molecule (a stimulant laxative) within a polyethylene glycol (PEG) base matrix for suppository formulation. Bisacodyl is sensitive to acidic conditions, and the use of conventional PEG bases, due to their weakly acidic nature, leads to drug instability. On the other hand, alternative bases such as Witepsol are not economically viable due to their high cost. In this study, a novel method for the chemical modification of PEG to remove its acidic property is presented. This modification was achieved through an oxidation process using the organopalladium Nano catalyst UMCM-1-NH2-F2C-Pd. The efficacy of this catalyst in oxidizing PEG and creating stability in the suppository structure was evaluated. The results indicate that the oxidized PEG, having lost its acidic characteristics, provides a compatible and stable base for bisacodyl suppository formulation. This solution not only maintains the chemical stability of the drug but also offers favorable economic justification for industrial production due to the cost-effectiveness of PEG. Therefore, the application of the designed Nano catalyst is introduced as an effective method to overcome the chemical and economic limitations in the production of bisacodyl suppositories.
Journal Article
Topological interface state-based photonic crystal sensor with porous cap layer for high-performance biosensing
In this study, we introduce a refractive index (RI) sensor based on topological interface states (TISs) in one-dimensional photonic crystals. The design incorporates a porous cap layer positioned at the interface between two photonic crystals, enabling the support of TIS modes. Owing to its porosity, the cap layer makes the device particularly suitable for aqueous and biological analytes, and the reported analysis focuses on the RI range relevant for such biosensing applications. The behavior of TISs is investigated through the transfer matrix method by tuning the physical parameters of the cap layer, and the findings are further validated using FEM simulations. The sensing characteristics are examined as a function of structural parameters, showing robust performance across the RI range of 1.33–1.43 with an almost constant sensitivity of ~ 745 nm/RIU. Although performance optimization was not the main goal, results reveal that in the fully porous case—where the analyte itself serves as the defect layer—the sensitivity can reach up to 941 nm/RIU. As a practical demonstration, the sensor was applied to glucose detection. For concentrations up to 36 g/L and at 85% porosity, the sensitivity, figure of merit, and detection limit were found to be 803 nm/RIU, 6.5 × 10⁶, and 1.4 × 10⁻⁷ RIU, respectively, surpassing previously reported works in all major metrics. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed structure for diverse biosensing applications, while noting that similar principles could be applied to other RI ranges.
Journal Article