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Serial femtosecond crystallography requires reliable and efficient delivery of fresh crystals across the beam of an X-ray free-electron laser over the course of an experiment. We introduce a double-flow focusing nozzle to meet this challenge, with significantly reduced sample consumption, while improving jet stability over previous generations of nozzles. We demonstrate its use to determine the first room-temperature structure of RNA polymerase II at high resolution, revealing new structural details. Moreover, the double flow-focusing nozzles were successfully tested with three other protein samples and the first room temperature structure of an extradiol ring-cleaving dioxygenase was solved by utilizing the improved operation and characteristics of these devices.

To understand how molecules function in biological systems, new methods are required to obtain atomic resolution structures from biological material under physiological conditions. Intense femtosecond-duration pulses fromX-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) can outrun most damage processes, vastly increasing the tolerable dose before the specimen is destroyed. This in turn allows structure determination from crystals much smaller and more radiation sensitive than previously considered possible, allowing data collection from room temperature structures and avoiding structural changes due to cooling. Regardless, high-resolution structures obtained from XFEL data mostly use crystals far larger than 1 μm³ in volume, whereas the X-ray beam is often attenuated to protect the detector from damage caused by intense Bragg spots. Here, we describe the 2 Å resolution structure of native nanocrystalline granulovirus occlusion bodies (OBs) that are less than 0.016 μm³ in volume using the full power of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and a dose up to 1.3 GGy per crystal. The crystalline shell of granulovirus OBs consists, on average, of about 9,000 unit cells, representing the smallest protein crystals to yield a high-resolution structure by X-ray crystallography to date. The XFEL structure shows little to no evidence of radiation damage and is more complete than a model determined using synchrotron data from recombinantly produced, much larger, cryocooled granulovirus granulin microcrystals. Our measurements suggest that it should be possible, under ideal experimental conditions, to obtain data from protein crystals with only 100 unit cells in volume using currently available XFELs and suggest that single-molecule imaging of individual biomolecules could almost be within reach.

Background Animal reservoirs of brucellosis constitute an ongoing threat to human health globally, with foodborne, occupational and recreational exposures creating opportunities for transmission. In Australia and the United States, hunting of feral pigs has been identified as the principal risk factor for human brucellosis due to Brucella suis . Following increased reports of canine B. suis infection, we undertook a review of case notification data and veterinary records to address knowledge gaps about transmission, clinical presentation, and zoonotic risks arising from infected dogs. Results Between 2011 and 2015, there was a 17-fold increase in the number of cases identified (74 in total) in New South Wales, Australia. Spatial distribution of cases largely overlapped with high feral pig densities in the north of the state. Ninety per cent of dogs had participated directly in pig hunting; feeding of raw feral pig meat and cohabitation with cases in the same household were other putative modes of transmission. Dogs with confirmed brucellosis presented with reproductive tract signs (33 %), back pain (13 %) or lameness (10 %); sub-clinical infection was also common (40 %). Opportunities for dog-to-human transmission in household and occupational environments were identified, highlighting potential public health risks associated with canine B. suis infection. Conclusions Brucellosis due to B. suis is an emerging disease of dogs in Australia. Veterinarians should consider this diagnosis in any dog that presents with reproductive tract signs, back pain or lameness, particularly if the dog has a history of feral pig exposure. Moreover, all people in close contact with these dogs such as hunters, household contacts and veterinary personnel should take precautions to prevent zoonotic transmission.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep44628.

Small starch granules from wheat and amaranth were isolated and examined by light microscopy (wheat), scanning electron microscopy (wheat and amaranth), and rapid viscosity (RVA) analysis. The isolated wheat and amaranth starches were incorporated into reduced-fat frozen dessert mixes (2%, w/w) and the frozen desserts were characterized by sensory analysis for smoothness, creaminess, and preference. The results of the sensory analysis suggest that up to 50% of the fat in a frozen dessert may be replaced when substituted by these starches at the 2% level (w/w).

Many analysts initially believed that the process of Soviet disintegration would inevitably open a Pandora's box of ethnic nationalism and regional self-determination.But, despite obvious setbacks such as Chechnya, the developments of the last decade have shown that while forces of disintegration remain a very real threat, the fifteen successor.

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 44628; published online: 16 March 2017; updated: 21 June 2017. In this Article, Henry N. Chapman is incorrectly listed as being affiliated with ‘Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA’ and an additional affiliation was omitted.

What's New in the Third Edition, Revised Printing The same great book gets better! This revised printing features all of the original content along with these additional features: Appendix A (Assemblers, Linkers, and the SPIM Simulator) has been moved from the CD-ROM into the printed book Corrections and bug fixesThird Edition featuresNew pedagogical features Understanding Program Performance - Analyzes key performance issues from the programmer's perspective Check Yourself Questions - Helps students assess their understanding of key points of a section Computers In the Real World - Illustrates the diversity of applications of computing technology beyond traditional desktop and servers For More Practice - Provides students with additional problems they can tackle In More Depth - Presents new information and challenging exercises for the advanced student New reference features Highlighted glossary terms and definitions appear on the book page, as bold-faced entries in the index, and as a separate and searchable reference on the CD. A complete index of the material in the book and on the CD appears in the printed index and the CD includes a fully searchable version of the same index. Historical Perspectives and Further Readings have been updated and expanded to include the history of software RD. CD-Library provides materials collected from the web which directly support the text. In addition to thoroughly updating every aspect of the text to reflect the most current computing technology, the third edition Uses standard 32-bit MIPS 32 as the primary teaching ISA. Presents the assembler-to-HLL translations in both C and Java. Highlights the latest developments in architecture in Real Stuff sections: - Intel IA-32 - Power PC 604 - Google's PC cluster - Pentium P4 - SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite for processors - SPEC Web99 benchmark for web servers - EEMBC benchmark for embedded systems - AMD Opteron memory hierarchy - AMD vs. 1A-64 New support for distinct course goals Many of the adopters who have used our book throughout its two editions are refining their courses with a greater hardware or software focus. We have provided new material to support these course goals: New material to support a Hardware Focus Using logic design conventions Designing with hardware description languages Advanced pipelining Designing with FPGAs HDL simulators and tutorials Xilinx CAD tools New material to support a Software Focus How compilers work How to optimize compilers How to implement object oriented languages MIPS simulator and tutorial History sections on programming languages, compilers, operating systems and databases On the CD NEW: Search function to search for content on both the CD-ROM and the printed text CD-Bars: Full length sections that are introduced in the book and presented on the CD CD-Appendixes: Appendices B-D CD-Library: Materials collected from the web which directly support the text CD-Exercises: For More Practice provides exercises and solutions for self-study In More Depth presents new information and challenging exercises for the advanced or curious student Glossary: Terms that are defined in the text are collected in this searchable reference Further Reading: References are organized by the chapter they support Software: HDL simulators, MIPS simulators, and FPGA design tools Tutorials: SPIM, Verilog, and VHDL Additional Support: Processor Models, Labs, Homeworks, Index covering the book and CD contents Instructor Support Instructor support provided on textbooks.elsevier.com: Solutions to all the exercises Figures from the book in a number of formats Lecture slides prepared by the authors and other instructors Lecture notes

SCI Systems Inc. (NASDAQ:SCIS) Friday filed an S-3 Registration Statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the proposed public offering of $85 million principal amount of convertible subordinated debentures by the company. Montgomery Securities will be the underwriter for the offering. The Preliminary Prospectus relating to these securities indicates that because the company's third fiscal quarter recently ended on March 31, 1990, final financial results for the quarter are not yet available. (excerpt)

Augustine of Hippo (AD 354-430) is arguably the most controversial Christian thinker in history. His positions on philosophical and theological concerns have been the subjects of intense scrutiny and criticism from his lifetime to the present.Augustine and his Criticsgathers twelve specialists' responses to modern criticisms of his thought, covering: personal and religious freedom; the self and God; sexuality, gender and the body; spirituality; asceticism; cultural studies; and politics.Stimulating and insightful, the collection offers forceful arguments for neglected historical, philosophical and theological perspectives which are behind some of Augustine's most unpopular convictions.