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Algal biofuels are a promising renewable feedstock to produce energy that can supplement future energy demands greatly. The present study aims to utilize Dunaliella salina, a hypersaline, unicellular greenish-orange micro-algae, to produce bio-oil. F/2 nutrient media and trace metal and vitamin solution under carbon-dioxide-rich conditions were used to cultivate the microalgae. Ultrasonic extraction method at 60 Hz for 90 min isolated 650 mL of bio-oil. A single-stage based-catalyzed transesterification process with methanol and sodium hydroxide yielded 380 mL of Pure Dunaliella salina biodiesel at % an extraction efficiency of 87%. The Phytochemical screening on the cultivated Dunaliella sp. was performed to understand its feasibility to be used as a fuel for IC engines. Furthermore, the obtained biodiesel was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GCMS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectral analysis.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficient exploitation of bioactive compounds present in red, green and brown seaweeds to develop hygienic products. Design/methodology/approach To analyse the antioxidant properties and identification of significant bioactive compounds of green, red and brown seaweed treated cotton fabrics, total antioxidant activity, DPPH Free radical scavenging activity and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis were used. Findings The experimental result specifies that the maximum antioxidant activity of 126.50 µg/ml and inhibition percentage of 76 ± 0.15 percent was achieved in the seaweed treated cotton fabrics. All six seaweed treated fabrics proved slightly lesser water vapour and air permeability compared with the untreated fabric. Originality/value The seaweed treated cotton materials are suitable for making wound dressing, surgical wear, face mask, sportswear, healthcare and hygienic applications.

Purpose Medical textiles is a vibrant emerging field in the area of technical textiles and its category is based on its performance and biofunctional properties for hygienic and health care products. Biodegradable fabrics are widely used for medical textiles in recent years. Seaweeds provide a wide range of therapeutic possibilities for human beings both internally and externally due to the presence of bioactive compounds. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This present study investigates the development of bioactive gauze fabric from Chaetomorpha linum seaweed/cotton blended fibres and also analysed the characteristics of Chaetomorpha linum seaweed/cotton blended gauze fabric and 100 per cent cotton gauze fabric. The effect of fibres on physical properties of fabric such as tensile strength, air permeability, wickability, water drop test and colour fastness properties were analysed. The antibacterial properties and antioxidant activity were assessed by DPPH radical scavenging, AATCC 100 and EN ISO 20645 test methods. Findings The experimental results indicate that the maximum antioxidant activity of 103.28±1.23 per cent inhibition was achieved at minimum concentration (500 µg/ml) of the blended fabric extract, and maximum antibacterial reduction of 95 per cent and zone of inhibition of about 26 mm were achieved in a blended fabric. The tensile strength, percentage of elongation and air permeability were more or less the same in both gauze fabrics. It is also found that Chaetomorpha linum seaweed/cotton blended gauze fabric exhibit better wickability and water absorbency properties than 100 per cent cotton gauze fabric. The colour fastness properties to washing and rubbing showed excellent results in the blended gauze fabric, and it is used for making wound dressing materials. Originality/value This bioactive gauze fabric was used for non-implantable materials such as wound healing, face mask, surgical gowns and hygienic textiles in recent years.

Purpose The healthcare and hygiene textiles are gaining more importance for their eco-friendly and effective antimicrobial properties that have become essential to safeguard human beings from harmful microorganisms. The fabrics finished with chemical-based antimicrobial agents lead to environmental issues and are harmful to human beings. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The present investigation is to develop a fabric with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties using the extracts of brown algae. Antimicrobial property has been imparted to the cotton fabric using microcapsules of brown seaweed extracts using the pad-dry-cure method. The presence of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of brown algae extracts was evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging technique, respectively. The total phenolic content of the seaweed extract was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The minimum bactericidal concentration and minimum inhibitory concentration methods were used to determine the antibacterial activity of the bacterial reduction percentage and parallel streak methods were used evaluate the antibacterial activity of seaweed-treated fabrics. Findings The methanol fraction of the treated fabric had the highest antioxidant activity (42.5+1.21 per cent), because the higher phenolic content traps the reactive oxygen species and develops the cells present in the skin. The results show that the lower inhibition (250 µg/mL) and bactericidal concentrations (1,000 µg/mL) possess higher antibacterial activity. The results also show that the treated fabric possess higher bacterial reduction of 96 per cent and higher zone of inhibition against Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus which was about 35 mm and 40 mm. The air permeability, bending length and the wicking behaviour of the treated fabric were slightly reduced, but it has good bursting strength compared with the untreated fabric. Originality/value Such treated fabric is used for making wound dressing, surgical gowns, antibacterial socks and gauze bandage products in healthcare and hygiene textiles.

Purpose Medical textile is one aspect of technical textiles and it is classified according to performance and functional properties for hygienic and healthcare products. Seaweeds have curative powers for curing most degenerative diseases. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The present study focusses on the extraction of dyes from five seaweeds such as Ulva reticulata, Ulva lactuca, Sargassum wightii, Padina tetrastomatica and Acanthophora spicefera. The presence of bioactive compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of dye extracted from seaweeds was analysed. The dye extracted from green seaweed was applied on cotton fabric to obtain antimicrobial and other properties used to make non- implantable materials. Findings A maximum antioxidant inhibition percentage of 86.48+2.84 and a maximum antibacterial activity of 27 mm inhibition zone were obtained on the fabric treated with the dye extract from the Ulva lactuca seaweed. The physical properties such as tensile strength and tearing strength did not show much significant difference in untreated and treated fabric. The air permeability, water absorbency and wicking behaviour of treated fabric were reduced compared with untreated fabric. The washing and rubbing properties of treated fabric were very good after repeated washing. Originality/value This bioactive fabric has been used for non-implantable materials such as wound healing, face mask, surgical gowns and hygienic textiles in recent years.

The \"AADHAR BASED ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE\" describes an easy and secure electoral voting system for Indian election. Here two levels of authentication is done. Using RFID based aadhar card and by taking fingerprints because both the levels are unique for every user. User id and fingerprint are to be matched in given database or else he/she cannot eligible to cast the vote. The process of this system is done in a simple way, first user RFID card is scanned for user details then fingerprint is taken to verify and using keypad can press the number of his/her favourite candidate to cast the vote after that lcd will displays a confirmation message. This will be the high secured system than our present voting system because authentication identity is verified by two levels before casting a vote. Directly votes will be counted so that the time taken by election commission to announce results will be fast and in short period.

BackgroundJuvenile systemic scleroderma (jSSc) is an orphan disease with an estimated prevalence of around 3 per 1 000 000 children. There are no studies which evaluated prospectively the patient related outcomes in these patients. We report the data from juvenile scleroderma inception cohort (jSSc) regarding organ involvement and patient related outcomes.MethodsThe jSSc is a prospective cohort of jSSc patients. Patients were enrolled who were diagnosed with jSSc, had a jSSc onset age under 16 years and were younger as age of 18 years at the time of inclusion. The patients are prospectively assessed every 6 months according to a standardised protocol. Patients with available 12 months follow up data were included in the analyses.ResultsCurrently 100 patients are followed in the jSSc cohort. 51 of them had available 12 months follow up data. Among those patients 37 (72.5%) had diffuse and 14 (27.5%) limited subtype. Mean age of onset of disease was 9.5 (±4.1) years and the mean disease duration at time of inclusion was 3.1 years (±3.2). The proportion of patients treated with DMARD increased from 74.5% to 88% at 12 months follow up. 86% were ANA positive at both assessments. Anti-scl70 positivity increased from 38% to 42%. Anticentromere antibody positivity was 2.4% at both assessments. Mean modified skin score decreased from 17.7 to 14.3 (p=0.151) Raynaud phenomenon occurred in 86% at enrolment and increased up to 88% at 12 months follow up. Nailfold capillary changes occurred around 70% at both assessments, but number of patients with active ulceration decreased from 28% to 16% (p=0.148). The number of patients with decreased FVC (FVC under 80%) decreased from 40.5% to 32% (p=0.497). The number of patients with pulmonary hypertension remained around 10%. No renal crisis or hypertension were reported. The gastrointestinal involvement was around 40% at both assessments. The number of patients with swollen joints decreased from 24% to 10% (p=0.06). The number of patients with muscle weakness decreased significantly from 33% to 9% (p=0.016), parallel to the number of patients with elevated CK values which decreased from 27% to 12% (p=0.074). All patient related outcomes, like global disease activity (p=0.048), global disease damage (p=0.05), Raynaud activity (p=0.003) and ulceration activity (p=0.001) improved significantly over 12 months. Physician assessed global disease activity (p=0.003) and ulceration activity (p=0.001) also improved significantly.ConclusionsOur data show, that jSSc patients over a 12 months disease course stayed quite stable or improved regarding organ involvement. But patient and physician related outcomes regarding activity assessment improved significantly.Disclosure of InterestNone declared

BackgroundJuvenile systemic scleroderma (jSSc) is an orphan disease, with an estimated prevalence of 3 per 1000 000 children. Most jSSc patients primarily present with Raynaud phenomenon (RP). We investigated in our patient of the juvenile scleroderma inception cohort, how fare patients with (RP+) and without (RP-) RP differed in their clinical presentation at enrolment.MethodsThe jSSc is a prospective cohort of jSSc patients. Patients were enrolled who were diagnosed with jSSc, had a jSSc onset age under 16 years and were younger as age of 18 years at the time of inclusion. The patients are prospectively assessed every 6 months according to a standardised protocol. We reviewed the organ involvement pattern of our patients currently followed in the cohort.Results100 patients are currently followed in the cohort and 89 (89%) of them had RP. The female/male ratio was lower in the RP +group, 3.7:1 compared to 4.5:1(p=0.808). Diffuse subtype was more common in the RP +group, 72% compared to 63%. Mean age of onset of first non- Raynaud symptomatic was 10.4 years in both groups. Mean disease duration was slightly higher in the RP +group, 3.4 compared to 2.2 years. ANA positivity was higher in the RP +group, 88% compared to 70% (p=0.48). Anti-Scl70 was 34% in the RP +and 20% in the RP-group (p=0.34). Interestingly 7% of RP +but none of the RP +were anti-centromere positive. The mean modified skin score was lower in RP +group (mean of 14.8 compared to 17.0). There were significantly more nailfold capillary changes (70% compared to 18%, p=0.001) and a higher rate of history of ulceration in the RP +group (49% compared to 20%, p=0.083). Decreased DLCO and FVC <80% was higher in the RP-negative group with 45%/50% compared to 37.5%/31% respectively. Pulmonary hypertension occurred in 7% in the RP +group and there was no case in the RP- group (p=0.335). RP- group had a higher rate of urinary sediment changes 18% compared to 4.5% in the RP +group (p=0.07). No renal crisis or hypertension was reported in neither groups. Gastrointestinal involvement was similar between the two groups with around 35%. Occurrence of swollen joints was similar in both groups as the frequency of muscle weakness with around 20%. The tendon friction rub occurred around 10% in both groups. In the patient related outcomes, there was only a difference in rating of Raynauds activity.ConclusionsThe RP– group differed from RP +group in the clinical presentation at enrolment. The absence of Raynaud phenomenon was associated with a decreased rate of history of ulceration, no occurrence of pulmonary hypertension. Interestingly higher rate of urinary sedimentary changes and no anticentromere positivity was observed in RP- patients.Disclosure of InterestNone declared

BackgroundJuvenile systemic sclerosis (jSSc) is an orphan autoimmune disease. Several adult publications looked at the differences between male and female patients with Systemic Sclerosis. There is rarity of data regarding this topic in pediatric jSSc. The juvenile scleroderma inception cohort (www.juvenilescleroderma.com) is a prospective standardized register for patients with jSSc.Objectivescomparison of patients characteristic at the time of inclusion in the registry who are male or female.MethodsPatients with jSSc were included worldwide to the juvenile scleroderma inception cohort. We compered the demographics and clinical characteristics of the male and female patients.ResultsUp till now 74 patients were enrolled, 54 with djSSc (76%) and 18 with ljSSc (24%). 14 (19%) of the patients were male (M) and 60 female (F) (81%). The mean disease duration at the time of inclusion was 9.3 in M and 9.2 in F patients. 74.4% of the M and 76.7% of the F had diffuse subset. The mean age of the onset of Raynaud symptomatic was 9.3 in M and 9.2 years in the F patients and the non-Raynaud symptomatic with 9.1 in M and 9.9 in F patients. At the time of the inclusion the mean modified Rodnan Skin Score was 20 in M and 15.1 in F patients. Anti-Scl 70 positivity was found in 42.9% in M and 32.1% in F patients. Anticentromere positivity occurred in 16.7% in M and 3.3% in F patients (p=0.027). Capillary changes were present in 50% of the M and 60% of F patients, but 50% in M and F had already history of ulcerations, but 28.6% in M and 15.5% in F had active ulceration. 57.1% of the M and 50% of the F patients had cardiopulmonary involvement. Six patients had pulmonary hypertension, they were all F. 75% of M and 46.7% of F patients had signs of interstitial lung disease on imaging. Renal involvement was around 7% in both sexes. 21.4% in M and 38.3% in F patients had gastrointestinal involvement. 92.9% of M and 55.9% in M patients had musculoskeletal involvement.ConclusionsWe present the data on the first 74 patients with jSSc included in our cohort. Patients with male sex have a more severe disease similar to adult male patients.Disclosure of InterestNone declared

BackgroundJuvenile systemic sclerosis (jSSc) is an orphan autoimmune disease. Currently just retrospective data exist regarding evolvement of organ involvement. In the retrospective studies assessment of the organ involvement is not standardized. Our project is the first one, where prospectively and with a standardized assessment data of jSSc patients are collected.Objectivesto learn about the characteristics and evolvement of jSScMethodsPatients with jSSc were recruited worldwide and were prospectively assessed, using the proposed standardized patient assessment protocol.Results26 centers from 17 countries applied to participate on the project. The assent and consent forms were translated into the local native languages. Up till now 74 patients were enrolled. Sixty (81%) of the 74 patients were female. The mean age of the onset of Raynaud symptomatic was 9.2 years (0.2 – 15.9). The mean age at the onset of the non-Raynaud symptomatic were 9,7 years (0.3 -15.9). 56 (76%) of the 74 have diffuse subtype, 10 (14%) of them have an overlap symptomatic. At the time of the inclusion the mean modified Rodnan Skin Score was 16.0. ANA positive were 55/71 (77%), 24/70 (34%) of them were anti-Scl 70 positive and 3/42 (7%) was anticentromere positive. 43/74 (58%) had already capillary changes and 36/72 (50%) inactive ulcerations, 13/72 (18%) had active ulceration at the time of the inclusion. 38/74 (51%) had cardiopulmonary involvement, 19/38 (50%) of had signs of interstitial lung disease on imaging, 18/42 (43%) had FVC <80% and 12/21 (57%) had DLCO <80%. 6/38 (16%) patients had pulmonary hypertension. 5/74 (7%) had renal involvement. 26/74 (35%) had gastrointestinal involvement, and 23/26 (88%) of them esophageal involvement. 46/73 (63%) had musculoskeletal involvement. 2/74 (3%) showed neurologic involvement. The mean CHAQ score was 0.4 (0–2.5). Patient global disease activity on VAS (0–100) was 44.9 and disease damage 41.6. Physician global of disease activity on VAS (0–100) was 39.7 and physician global of disease damage was 34.6.ConclusionsThe current recruitment data confirms that pediatric patients are different from the adult patients, there is a significantly higher proportion of diffuse subset patients with 81%. 14% of the patients have overlap features.Disclosure of InterestNone declared