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The existing literature on power grid reliability extensively examines the effects of individual automation technologies, such as Smart Grids, IoT, and AI, on reducing SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) and SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency Index) indices. However, previous studies have largely focused on partial analyses, often limited to specific aspects of grid operation or isolated case studies. As a result, there is a lack of a comprehensive and integrated theoretical approach that considers the interdependencies between different automation technologies, their impact on various levels of grid management and the economic consequences of their deployment. This study presents a novel theoretical framework aimed at providing a holistic perspective on power grid automation and its impact on energy supply reliability. The key elements of this approach include developing a multidimensional mathematical model that integrates the impact of key automation technologies on SAIDI and SAIFI, allowing for a quantitative assessment of different implementation strategies and applying a probabilistic approach to predict the likelihood of power outages based on the level of automation and real-time grid conditions. This proposed framework offers a holistic view of power grid automation, integrating technical, economic and operational dimensions. It serves as a foundation for further empirical research and the implementation of intelligent grid modernisation strategies, aiming to enhance power supply stability and increase the resilience of distribution networks against outages. The introduced concept aligns with the current challenges of the energy transition, providing utilities and policymakers with analytical tools for making optimal decisions regarding the adoption of digitalisation and automation technologies in the power sector.

The expansion of renewable energy sources (RES) is essential to achieving regional sustainability in alignment with global climate goals. This study investigates the dynamics and projected growth of RES in West Pomerania, Poland, a region with significant potential due to its geographical characteristics and supportive policy frameworks. Historical data from 2010 to 2023 were used to perform a time series analysis that evaluated the annual growth rate (AGR) of various RES technologies, including wind, solar, biomass, and biogas. The analysis revealed a consistent upward trend in RES capacity, particularly in wind and solar energy, demonstrating effective resource mobilisation in the region. Subsequently, a forecasting model was employed to project the growth of the RES capacity through 2033 based on historical trends and technological advancements. The results indicate significant anticipated increases in RES capacity, highlighting West Pomerania’s potential to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. This growth supports increased energy security and environmental sustainability. This study addresses a notable gap in the literature by linking regional renewable energy development with broader policy frameworks, such as the European Green Deal, and exploring the specific challenges of grid integration and economic disparities in the context of local energy transitions. These findings highlight the importance of sustained investment and policy support to scale renewable infrastructure while aligning regional initiatives with international sustainability goals. By bridging this gap, this study concludes that the West Pomerania strategy can serve as a model for other regions aiming to enhance their renewable energy portfolios and effectively meet the climate goals of the EU.

Plug-in hybrids (PHEV) have become popular due to zero-emission driving, e.g., in urban areas, and using an internal combustion engine on longer distances. Energy consumption by the PHEV depends on many factors which can be either dependent or independent of the driver. The article examines how the driver can use the vehicle’s capabilities to influence its wear. Determining the optimal driving technique, due to the adopted nature of the timetable, is the basic variable that determines the profitability of using a given drive system. Four driving techniques have been selected to determine which one can offer the largest advantages. A vehicle-dedicated application has recorded the drivetrain performance on a predetermined route through an urban area. The analysis of results has demonstrated which of the driving techniques provides measurable effects in terms of reduced energy consumption and the shortest travelling time. The study shows longitudinal acceleration and torque generated by the electric drive. The information included in the study can help any PHEV user reduce the operating cost by applying an appropriate driving technique. The proposed research introduces the possibilities of assessing the influence of the driving style on energy consumption. The innovative side of this research is the observation of stochastic phenomena that are difficult to detect when using approximation modelling.

The lean-burn mode is a solution that reduces the fuel consumption of spark-ignition internal combustion engines and keeps the low exhaust emission, but the stability of the lean-burn combustion process, especially at low loads, needs to be addressed. Enhancing gasoline with hybrid hydrogen oxygen (HHO) gas—a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases—is proposed to improve combustion of the lean-gasoline mixture. A three-cylinder, spark-ignition, naturally aspirated, MPI engine with HHO gas produced with an alkaline water electrolyzer and introduced as a gasoline enhancement was tested. The amount of hydrogen added to the lean-gasoline mixture (λ = 1.4) was in the range from 0.15 to 1.5%, and the results were compared to the stoichiometric (λ = 1) and pure lean mode (λ = 1.4) gasoline operation. The other authors’ results show that a minimum 3% of the mass fraction of hydrogen is necessary to affect the gasoline combustion process. This paper proved that even a small hydrogen enhancement of gasoline in the amount of 0.3% of the mass fraction improves the combustion stability.

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the resistance to hydrogen and high-temperature salt corrosion of the developed alloy of the CM88Y type for the turbine blades of gas turbine engines for marine and power purposes in comparison with the industrial heat-resistant corrosion-resistant alloy CM88Y and the alloy for the protective coating of the SDP3-A blades. SDP3-A alloy was chosen as a reference sample, which has high hydrogen and corrosion resistance. The new heat-resistant alloy additionally contains such refractory metals as rhenium and tantalum, which are added to the composition of the alloy in order to increase operational characteristics while maintaining phase-structural stability. These are properties such as long-term and fatigue strength, characteristics of plasticity and strength at room and elevated temperatures. Therefore, the purpose of these studies was to determine the resistance to high-temperature salt corrosion of the developed alloy in comparison with the industrial heat-resistant nickel alloy and to evaluate the influence of alloying, hydrogen embrittlement of CM88Y and ZhS3DK alloys with different contents of chromium, boron, zirconium, hafnium, and yttrium were compared. The corrosion resistance of the materials was evaluated after crucible tests in a salt solution at a temperature of 900 °C for 30 h, according to the standard method. The corrosion resistances of alloys were determined by the mass loss, corrosion rate, and data from metallographic studies.

This Polish multicenter study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the Flow Direction Endoluminal Device (FRED) in treating selected unruptured intracranial aneurysms. The FRED Poland Study was an observational, multicenter, prospective study conducted in 8 Polish investigational sites. Imaging results were independently assessed by a Corelab and adverse events were adjudicated by a Clinical Events Committee (CEC). Clinical results up to 24 months and anatomical results at 6-, 12- and 24-months post-treatment were reported. A total of 86 patients with 89 target aneurysms were enrolled between January 2016 and September 2017. Most aneurysms were located on the anterior circulation (93.2%, 83/89 aneurysms) with the majority (64.0%, 57/89) being small (< 10 mm) in size. Treatment was successfully performed in 86 out of 89 cases (96.6%). The permanent neurological morbidity rate was 3.6%, and the neurological mortality rate was 2.4%. Imaging follow-up at 6 months showed complete occlusion of the aneurysm in 64.9% of cases, increasing to 79.5% at 12 months and 85.5% at 24 months. This study offers a comprehensive overview of the flow diversion treatment approach, demonstrating that the FRED device is effective and safe for use in intracranial aneurysm treatment. These results align with existing literature, reaffirming the device reliability and suitability for clinical use.

A shift toward the endovascular treatment of ophthalmic segment aneurysms is noticeable. However, it is not clear if the long-term treatment results improve with the development of endovascular methods. The aim of this study was to present the outcomes of the treatment of unruptured ophthalmic aneurysms using flow diverting devices (FDD) with or without coiling. This retrospective study included 52 patients with 65 UIAs treated in 2009–2016. The mean aneurysm size was 8.8 mm. Eight aneurysms were symptomatic. Therapeutic procedures included: 5 failed attempts, 55 first sessions with FDD deployment (bilateral procedures in 3) and 3 retreatment procedures. To cover 55 ICAs, 25 Silk, 26 Pipeline, 9 Fred and 1 Surpass FDD were used. FDD with coiling was applied in 19(29.2%), mainly for symptomatic and larger aneurysms. Mean radiological and clinical follow-up was 12 and 61 months, respectively. Postprocedural deterioration was noted in 3(5.8%) patients, but in long-term the modified Rankin Scale grades 0–2 were achieved in 98.1% of patients. One patient died from the treated aneurysm rupture (annual risk—0.07%). Raymond–Roy occlusion classification class I or II was achieved in 98.5% in the long term, with similar results in both groups. Complications occurred in 40.4% of patients and the most frequent were: imperfect FDD deployment (15%), failed attempt of FDD deployment (9.6%) and late FDD stenosis (9.6%). Flow-diverting devices, with additional coiling in selected cases, may offer a very high proportion of satisfactory outcomes. However, in our experience the high risk of complications remains.

This study aims to quantify and assess qualitatively the impact of modeling simplifications used to represent inertial and aerodynamic loads on the stresses and structural deformations of a centrifugal compressor in operation. The research object is the compressor of the high-pressure line of the DGEN 380 bypass turbine engine. Based on the virtual dynamometer WESTT CS/BV, the gas-dynamic parameters at the entrance to the centrifugal compressor and after the stage are determined. These values were used as initial parameters for numerical flow analysis. As part of the numerical strength analyses, a series of several load configurations were carried out: spin only, spin and inlet pressure normally applied on the working surface of the rotor blade, spin and outlet pressure normally applied on the working surface of the rotor blade, and one-way fluid–structure interaction analysis taking into account the aerodynamic loads with and without spinning. Based on the simulations, the level of similarity of a given load configuration with the last analysis, adopted as the reference, was determined. It was observed that in terms of the stress state, the rotational analysis taking into account the pressure on both sides of the blade gives satisfactory results, but the strain values are overestimated. The results obtained and the method of evaluation of compressor results can be used in research in the area of aviation, automotive, and refrigeration industries.