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The ground magnetic field of the Lonar impact crater (Maharashtra State, India) and its surrounding area was measured and studied utilizing 2.5-dimensional potential field modelling. Field data showed the crater depression is associated with a strong circular negative anomaly with an amplitude of more than 1000 nT. The negative anomaly, however, decreases smoothly while moving from south to north. Most of the crater rim exhibits anomalous positive values. Negative anomalies at the rim are seen in the south–southwestern sections and coinciding in the northeastern section with the Dhar valley. Our study shows that most of the anomaly is caused by the topographic effect and a strong SE directed natural remanent magnetization of Deccan Trap basalts, which are the target of the Lonar-creating projectile. The magnetic anomaly of the relatively weakly magnetized impact-produced allochthonous breccia and post-impact sediments is small, being less than 150 nT.

The concrete industry introduces a variety of linked ways for integrating and using waste materials that are generally usable, readily accessible, and financially feasible for the everyday consumer. The use of such components in cementitious materials not just to saves greenhouse gas emissions, but also improves flowability and longevity significantly. This article discusses how rice husk ash (RHA), a byproduct of rice production, may be used with cementitious material. Because the density of concrete incorporating RHA is comparable to that of standard weight cement, it may also be used for a wide variety of applications. RHA concrete's impermeable substructure provides superior resistance against chemical attack, salt entry, and bubbling, among other things. RHA cementitious material has excellent contraction characteristics and increases the durability of the concretes. In this work, the RHA was used in progressive fractions such as, 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% as a substitute for the fine sand in different periods. The outcomes evidenced that the incorporation of 20% replacement of RHA with fine sand showed a better increment in the compressive strength of the concrete.

A thin coating of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) is placed on outdoor high-voltage insulators to minimize air fouling. ZrO2 thin film coatings were deposited on glass substrates using a DC sputtering (reactive magnetron) technique with sputtering pressures ranging from 5 to 25 mTorr. Characterization of the deposited films was carried out utilizing approaches such as XRD, AFM, CAG, and spectrophotometer. Following the XRD peaks, when 15 mTorr is reached, the average crystallite size increases, after which it begins to decline. The wettability of the deposited thin layer is associated with the coarseness calculated by AFM. At 15 mTorr pressure, maximum aquaphobic is achieved (107.45°). At this pressure, the transmittance and bandgap were similarly determined to be 90% and 5.43 eV, respectively.

Geopolymer concrete is an innovative advance in the world, in this concrete cement is fully substituted with pozzolanic materials like fly ash and GGBS. In this present study fly ash is replaced with POFA (Palm oil fuel ash) up to 25% (0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%), 10% of stone dust is replaced with sand. In addition to the above materials, 0.2% of polypropylene fibers were added to the volume of concrete. 2.5 ratio of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solutions are added as Alkali activators for 10M molarity. Initially, the specimens are oven cured 80° C for about 24hrs and after that leave for ambient curing. All the specimens stood tested after 7 and 28 days of ambient curing. The prepared POFA based geopolymer was tested for all types of mechanical properties, like compressive strength, split tensile strength, bending strength and load deflection curve. All these properties are compared with the nominal concrete.

Cement concrete is one of the utmost regularly used building materials next to water. But one tonne of cement produces 1.25 tonnes of CO 2 and pollutes the environment. To keep that in mind, in this study the cement is partially replaced with POFA up to 30% (5% equal intervals), and steel fibers are added to the volume of concrete by 0.5% apart from normal concrete. Generally, POFA is one of the Agro-Industrial garbage materials which is coming as of the palm oil industry, with the growing amount of waste produced from the different processes there has been an increasing the waste generation. Increasing intrust in the use of agro - Industrial waste to achieve the potential advantages. Comparing with cement, POFA contains a high silica content. specimens are cast with M40 grade of concrete. The prepared POFA based Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) was tested for all types of mechanical properties, as compressive strength, split tensile strength, bending strength, and load-deflection curve. All these properties are compared with the nominal concrete.

Reinforced concrete walls are being widely adopted as lateral load resisting systems for high rise structures. The current practice among design engineers for modelling of such walls is by idealizing the same as ‘wide’ columns, which is uncertain from safety as well as economy point of view. The most efficient modelling strategy of RC walls involves use of shell elements. Such an approach can be computationally much intensive, especially from a seismic analysis perspective. The present study utilizes an equivalent strut approach for modelling RC walls. The modelling strategy is demonstrated on a G + 15 storey residential apartment located in Calicut city. The proposed methodology will be compared with the traditional ‘wide’ column method as well as the one with shell element discretization. Comparison of modal properties such as frequencies and vibration modes from the various models are initially made to assess the model accuracy. Various seismic analyses viz. Equivalent static approach, Response spectrum approach and the assessment the storey shear, inter storey drifts as well as computation times using various models were performed using time history analysis. From preliminary results, it is understood that the modelling strategy could serve as an efficient alternative to more robust and computationally demanding scheme involving use of shell elements.

Rapur area forms the southern part of Nellore Schist Belt (NSB) of Andhra Pradesh and exposes metabasalt, quartz-mica schist, quartzite, undifferentiated granitoids of PGC II and younger acidic and basic intrusives. The unclassified granitoids of the area have been mapped and classified on the basis of their mineralogical and geochemical characteristics into two suites viz.: 1. Tonalite-Granodiorite-Monzonite suites (TGM) and 2. Monzonite-Syenite suite (MS).TGM suite is predominant in the study area and mainly consists of hornblende-biotite gneiss and orbicular granite. Hornblende-biotite gneisses are tonalitic to granodioritic in composition and the gneissosity is defined by parallel alignment of mafic and felsic minerals. Gneissosity plane is parallel to the schistosity of metabasalt of NSB trending NW-SE, defining the regional foliation trend in the area. The orbicular granite, a variant of hornblende-biotite gneiss, contains oval to orb-shaped phenocrysts of plagioclase and K-feldspar set within a fine grained matrix of quartz, feldspars, biotite and hornblende. The MS suite of rocks consists of alkali feldspar granite and monzogranite, which are exposed near Marlapudi and NE of Rapur. The granitoids of the present study show low Ti, Zr, CaO, FeO, MgO and higher Sr and Ba concentrations. The mineralogical heterogeneity is reflected in the major and trace elemental abundance. The gneisses of the study area show low to moderate Rb and high Sr content and calc-alkaline affinity with high K2O content. They are meta-aluminous in nature and are predominantly tonalitic to granitic in composition and exhibit enriched LILE (Ba, Rb, Th, U, K) and HFSE (Nd, Zr,), but strongly depleted Sr, P and Tb content. These granite characteristically have enriched LREE, relatively flat to slightly depleted HREE patterns with negative Eu anomaly. Negative Eu anomaly in granitoids of Rapur is pronounced, indicating variation in degree of plagioclase fractionation and REE partitioning. LREE enrichment, negative Eu anomaly and flat HREE patterns indicate an enriched lower crustal source for these granites.