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Ethylene sensitivity of grafted and nongrafted tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) seedlings with three to four true leaves was examined. The concentration of exogenous ethylene that produced symptoms was between 1 and 10 µL⋅L –1 regardless of grafting. Symptoms of ethylene exposure included leaf epinasty, decreased maximal photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II ( F v / F m ), and increased plant height (nongrafted only). Grafted plants maintained higher F v / F m than nongrafted plants in response to higher ethylene concentrations. Ethylene-damaged plants showed comparable growth to the control plants 3 weeks after transplanting, but transplant quality was diminished as a result of ethylene exposure at high concentrations.

Digital Storytelling is over 20 years old, its roots in citizen activism, its techniques evolving from radical theatre and media arts and its primary driver an unwavering commitment to enabling people to find and share their stories, as well as to the valuing of each and every one of those stories. This paper builds upon a presentation given at “Digital Storytelling in a Time of Crisis”, an international Digital Storytelling conference that took place in Athens in May 2014. It sets out to map some of the territory around Digital Storytelling and older people – ageing and the old (specifically the associated with a growing older population) being the ‘crises’ in question. The paper discusses questions concerning the benefits of Digital Storytelling with older people – both active older people and those who have dependency needs associated with ageing, such as dementia. The questions focus on the measurement of value, both in terms of participation in Digital Storytelling as a process and in the stories themselves. The paper is also self-reflective, as the writer embarks upon the formal route of PhD research, questioning the assumed benefits of the practice that has dominated the last eight years of over thirty years as a teacher and avid promoter of participatory media as a means to effect positive change. The paper is in 6 parts: (1) The Ageing Agenda; (2) Why Am I Doing This?; (3) What are the Benefits of Digital Storytelling with Older People? (4) The Pros and Cons of Digital Storytelling Projects (5) Extending Creative Practice and Silver Stories – Two Transnational Projects Linking Digital Storytelling and Older people – a sustainable model? (6) Ever Decreasing (Story) Circles.

Diverse food system resilience frameworks and assessment tools are being developed to measure food system performance in the face of disruptive events. The divide between academic research and gray literature can result in inaccessibility of assessment tools to communities and non-academic researchers. The authors performed a literature review and selected seven urban food system resilience assessment frameworks for comparison with resilience attributes, as well as consideration of their intended audience; spatial scope; data type; data collection; strengths; and ease of use. The frameworks were found to match between three and seven of the ten identified resilience attributes, with a range of intended audiences. Framework data collection methodologies included surveys, spatial data analysis, and mixed methods approaches to collect quantitative, semi-quantitative, and qualitative data. Most of the included frameworks include flexible indicators and metrics for investigators to collect relevant data for their planning goals. While the ability to develop unique metrics can be a strength, undefined metrics present an issue for non-academic researchers in communities seeking to effectively assess their own food system. Limitations in existing assessment tools include a wide range of intended outcomes and burdensome data collection. The comparison of the assessment tools resulted in recommendations of frameworks for academic and non-academic researchers and revealed gaps including a lack of fair labor considerations. This review allows researchers to develop effective frameworks for diverse users to prioritize resilience in food systems.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high-tunnel production on preharvest losses and harvest quality of two tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) cultivars. Our results indicate that using high tunnels for tomato production can reduce the preharvest food losses for this crop compared with open-field production, as indicated by increased productivity and percent marketability during the span of three production seasons. The tomato harvest quality did not differ in terms of physical attributes. However, open-field–grown tomatoes demonstrated a significantly greater antioxidant capacity when compared with the high-tunnel–grown tomatoes.

Film has been an integral part of the propaganda war fought between the United States and North Korea over the past decade. The international controversy surrounding the Hollywood comedy The Interview in 2014 vividly demonstrated this and, in the process, drew attention to hidden dimensions of the US state security–entertainment complex in the early twenty-first century. Using the emails leaked courtesy of the Sony hack of late 2014, this article explores the Interview affair in detail, on the one hand revealing the close links between Sony executives and US foreign-policy advisers and on the other explaining the difficulties studios face when trying to balance commercial and political imperatives in a global market.

Vegetable grafting is a unique technology that can be easily adopted by growers to improve pest and disease resistance, provide abiotic stress tolerance, and increase marketable yields. The production of grafted vegetable transplants and their use in different production systems is increasing in North America. Tomatoes (S. lycopersicum L.) are currently the most popular grafted crop. The expansion of this technology relies on the availability of high-quality grafted tomato transplants as well as the ability of grafted plants to improve production and maintain or improve fruit quality for growers. The overall objectives of this dissertation were threefold: (i) to review the literature on tomato rootstock effects on tomato fruit quality (ii) to identify quality and performance impacts of grafted tomato transplants following abiotic stress from the supply chain (iii) investigate how rootstocks can influence the yield performance and fruit quality of a high-lycopene cultivar (‘Tasti-Lee’) grown in a high tunnel. The literature review found that changes in tomato fruit quality traits from rootstocks are wide-spread and highly subject to rootstock-scion and rootstock-scion-environment interactions. However, there are numerous reports that fruit from plants grafted to vigorous rootstocks have a larger average fruit size, lower soluble solid content (SSC), lower ascorbic acid (AsA) content, and higher titratable acidity (TA). Future investigations should focus on identifying the underlying mechanisms of fruit quality changes from grafting to tomato rootstocks. For the second objective, we found that exogenous ethylene exposure reduced chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and caused leaf epinasty of grafted seedlings. Yet, damaged plants recovered and had similar growth parameters to the control plants three weeks after transplanting. Non-ideal transportation conditions were also assessed by exposing plants to 35 °C for 6 to 48 hours during long-distance (72-hr) transportation. Similarly, the plants experienced physiological stress as measured by Fv/Fm, but all plants survived transplanting and early growth was not impacted. In both of these experiments, grafted plants were able to better maintain Fv/Fm and reduce the severity of symptoms such as epinasty and succulent elongation compared to nongrafted plants. The results from this objective indicate that transplant quality can be negatively affected from the stress conditions tested, but early growth was not inhibited. These results also suggest that grafted plants may be able to better tolerate abiotic stress at the seedling stage compared to nongrafted plants. In regards to the third objective, a three-year high tunnel trial was conducted at the OlatheHorticulture Research and Extension Center to assess the yield and fruit quality impacts of five rootstocks grafted to the premium cultivar ‘Tasti-Lee’. Fruit quality was determined by SSC, TA, antioxidant capacity, AsA content, lycopene content, carotenoid composition, and fruit firmness. Grafting with ‘Maxifort’, ‘Fortamino’, ‘Estamino’, and ‘DRO-141-TX’ significantly increased marketable yields by 31.5%-47% above non-grafted plants. Conversely, the rootstock ‘RST-04-106-T’ did not provide any yield benefit. All of the rootstocks increased the average fruit weight by 12%. ‘RST-04-106-T’ was the only rootstock that altered fruit quality. This rootstock produced fruit with the highest SSC which was significantly higher than fruit from the rootstock ‘Maxifort.’ Moreover, ‘RST-04-106-T’ altered the relative composition of carotenoids compared to the nongrafted treatment by limiting β-carotene content in relation to the high lycopene concentrations. These results indicate that, with the proper rootstock selection, the cultivar ‘Tasti-Lee’ can be successfully integrated into high tunnel grafting systems without compromising its characteristic fruit quality attributes.

This article analyzes how Scarecrow and Mrs. King (1983-87) negotiated the political values embedded in the New Right movement and the lived experiences of its female viewers, as divorce rates significantly increased in the 1980s and many women were raising children on their own while holding full-time jobs in the paid labor market. Ultimately, the article concludes that Scarecrow and Mrs. King successfully allowed viewers to adopt both a feminist and postfeminist relationship to the text, but the show privileged notions of sexual difference that bolstered ideologies of the New Right.