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In the last two decades, various nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in medical science owing to their unique physical and chemical characteristics. Incorporating radionuclides into conventionally used nanomaterials can confer useful additional properties compared to the original material. Therefore, various radionuclides have been used to synthesize functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications. In particular, several α- or β-emitter-labeled organic and inorganic nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for efficient and targeted cancer treatment. This article reviews recent progress in cancer therapy using radiolabeled nanomaterials including inorganic, polymeric, and carbon-based materials and liposomes. We first provide an overview of radiolabeling methods for preparing anticancer agents that have been investigated recently in preclinical studies. Next, we discuss the therapeutic applications and effectiveness of α- or β-emitter-incorporated nanomaterials in animal models and the emerging possibilities of these nanomaterials in cancer therapy.

In recent years, several catalyst-free site-specific reactions have been investigated for the efficient conjugation of biomolecules, nanomaterials, and living cells. Representative functional group pairs for these reactions include the following: (1) azide and cyclooctyne for strain-promoted cycloaddition reaction, (2) tetrazine and trans-alkene for inverse-electron-demand-Diels–Alder reaction, and (3) electrophilic heterocycles and cysteine for rapid condensation/addition reaction. Due to their excellent specificities and high reaction rates, these conjugation methods have been utilized for the labeling of radioisotopes (e.g., radiohalogens, radiometals) to various target molecules. The radiolabeled products prepared by these methods have been applied to preclinical research, such as in vivo molecular imaging, pharmacokinetic studies, and radiation therapy of cancer cells. In this review, we explain the basics of these chemical reactions and introduce their recent applications in the field of radiopharmacy and chemical biology. In addition, we discuss the significance, current challenges, and prospects of using bioorthogonal conjugation reactions.

Toxic fission products, such as cesium ( 137 Cs) and iodine ( 129 I) are of great concern because of their long half-lives and high solubility in water. The simultaneous removal of Cs and I using a single adsorbent is an area of increasing interest. In this study, MXene/silver nanowire (AgNW) composite was synthesized through physical mixing and employed for simultaneous removal of iodide (I − ) and cesium (Cs + ) ions from contaminated water. The MXene/AgNW composite demonstrated excellent adsorption capacities of 84.70 and 26.22 mg/g for I − and Cs + , respectively. The experimental data supported the hypothesis of multilayer adsorption of Cs + owing to the inter-lamellar structures and the presence of heterogeneous adsorption sites in MXene. The interaction between I − and the AgNW involved chemisorption followed by monolayer adsorption. MXene/AgNW composite material exhibited promising results in the presence of competitive ions under extreme pH conditions. Thus, synthesized composite materials holds promising potential as an adsorbent for the remediation of radioactive liquid waste.

Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid widely distributed in propolis, honey, and various plant sources. It exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic effects. However, its clinical translation is hampered by poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability, and rapid metabolic clearance. To address these limitations and expand the chemical space of this natural scaffold, extensive synthetic efforts have focused on generating structurally diverse chrysin derivatives that possess improved drug-like properties. This review systematically categorizes synthetic methodologies—such as etherification, esterification, transition-metal-mediated couplings, sigmatropic rearrangements, and electrophilic substitutions—and integrates them with corresponding biological outcomes. Particular emphasis is placed on recent (2020–present) advances that directly link structural modifications with pharmacological enhancements, thereby offering comparative structure–activity relationship (SAR) insights. In addition, transition-metal-catalyzed C–C bond-forming reactions are highlighted in a dedicated section, underscoring their growing role in accessing bioactive chrysin analogs previously unattainable by conventional chemistry. Unlike prior reviews that mainly summarized biological activities or broadly covered flavonoid scaffolds, this article bridges synthetic diversification with pharmacological evaluation. It provides both critical synthesis and mechanistic interpretation. Overall, this work consolidates current knowledge and suggests future directions that integrate synthetic innovation with pharmacological validation and address pharmacokinetic challenges in chrysin derivatives.

Nanotechnology has played a tremendous role in molecular imaging and cancer therapy. Over the last decade, scientists have worked exceptionally to translate nanomedicine into clinical practice. However, although several nanoparticle-based drugs are now clinically available, there is still a vast difference between preclinical products and clinically approved drugs. An efficient translation of preclinical results to clinical settings requires several critical studies, including a detailed, highly sensitive, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution study, and selective and efficient drug delivery to the target organ or tissue. In this context, technetium-99m (99mTc)-based radiolabeling of nanoparticles allows easy, economical, non-invasive, and whole-body in vivo tracking by the sensitive clinical imaging technique single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Hence, a critical analysis of the radiolabeling strategies of potential drug delivery and therapeutic systems used to monitor results and therapeutic outcomes at the preclinical and clinical levels remains indispensable to provide maximum benefit to the patient. This review discusses up-to-date 99mTc radiolabeling strategies of a variety of important inorganic and organic nanoparticles and their application to preclinical imaging studies.

Additive manufacturing of metals is actively being researched due to its potential for mold modification and cost savings. However, producing smooth aluminum parts with directed energy deposition (DED) using welding heat flux presents material restrictions and challenges. While research has focused on developing cold metal transfer (CMT) with minimal heat input, its application can be costly in industry . To address this issue, we checked over a DED process using pulsed variable polarity (VP) gas metal arc welding (GMAW), which, for the first time, reduces costs compared to CMT. Optimal parameters were determined via experimentation, with deposition efficiency (DE) used to evaluate post-processing loss and deposition performance. Tensile tests were conducted to verify the mechanical properties of deposited specimens, and microstructure analysis was performed. In this study, method achieved a stable deposition tendency with an electrode negative ratio of 18% under the welding conditions of an ER4043 Ø1.2 electrode wire, 120 A, 21 V, 80 cm/min, a shield gas flow rate of 20 L/min, and bead-on-plate position. By varying the layer-by-layer velocity throughout the deposition process, a maximum DE of 82.56% was achieved, resulting in lower post-processing loss than CMT with suppressed anisotropy in the material. Tensile test data and microstructure inspections confirmed isotropic behavior. For the first time in the field of study, this research proved that deposition process by VP-GMAW is cost-effective compared to CMT.

Conductive polymer composites (CPC) have been remarkably developed, demonstrating their potential in various applications such as sensors, wearables, and even the field of biomedical. Furthermore, the recently attracted multi-material additive manufacturing (MMAM) technology indicates the potential for expansion into a wider range of applications. However, the characteristics studies of printable composites are still in progress, and this implies that the applicability of composite materials is limited in the near future. It is also necessary to consider an investigation of conductive composites with unexplored wide ranges of filler contents. CPCs are easier to print when the conductivity filler content is low. On the contrary, increasing the conductivity filler content to enhance electrical conductivity leads to a decrease in polymer characteristics, making it challenging to print. In this study, TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane)/MWCNT(multi wall carbon nanotube) filaments incorporating relatively high content MWCNT were manufactured. The filaments were extruded by the melting mixing method and the printing characteristics were discussed using fused filament fabrication (FFF). It was confirmed that TPU/MWCNT filaments with a maximum MWCNT content of 20% could be produced, but printing was limited to 15% MWCNT content. As the MWCNT content increases, the nozzle temperature also needs to be increased to avoid print quality reduction. Additionally, the electrical and mechanical properties of the printed TPU/MWCNT composites were investigated.

Additive manufacturing technology has high applicability across various fields without distinction. Since there is no limitation on materials, functional materials also contribute greatly to the development of additive manufacturing technology. The conductive composite, which provide electrical properties by mixing conductive materials with a polymer that is an insulator, represent one of the most popular areas. These conductive composites can act as a sensor by integrating with an actuator. New types of functional actuators are being designed using sensors with mechanical and electrical properties, and processes for manufacturing them are being developed. In this study, a resistance-based sensor was fabricated by mixing thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The sensor was printed on a soft gripper and evaluated for resistance response according to bending operation. Analysis was conducted considering several variables, and as a result, superior performance was measured in terms of responsiveness to gripper operation. It is revealed that several types of sensors with respect to TPU/MWCNT composition, having various sensitivity can be used to sense the bending deformation of the soft gripper.

The experiments of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with general pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW) machine were performed to optimize process parameters. As optimized conditions, 140A welding current, 34 V welding voltage, 40 cm/min welding speed, and 15 mm contact tip to work distance (CTWD), were selected. Welding current and voltage affected heat input. Lower deposition, short circuit mode, and spatters were obtained by insufficient heat input. The melting of previous layer and lower height were obtained by excessive heat input. Welding speed and CTWD affected surface state and arc stability. Unsound surface and bead shape due to short circuit mode and spatters were observed in slow welding speed and short CTWD conditions. Arc instability were also observed in fast welding speed and long CTWD conditions. With the optimized process parameter, curved propeller shape blade was manufactured by the change of robot arm teaching point. It can be considered that the desired sufficient quality was obtained due to curved shape.

Welding process simulation is applied at the design stage to increase the reliability of the assembled final structure. To improve the accuracy of welding thermal deformation analysis, it is important to define an accurate welding heat source model. Plasma arc welding (PAW) shows characteristics of both arc and laser heat sources, making it challenging to select appropriate heat source models and parameters. Due to these difficulties, there are few references for thermal deformation analysis for PAW. This study describes the effect of Gaussian parameters of PAW heat sources on temperature distribution and thermal deformation analysis. A conical heat source was defined by combining a volumetric heat source and a surface heat source, and analyses were performed by changing the Gaussian parameters of the surface heat source. Changes in Gaussian parameters affect the size of the heat source, which in turn affects temperature distribution. As a result, Gaussian parameters influence the concentration of the heat source, the width of the heat-affected zone, and the quantitative magnitude of thermal deformation.