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A bstract A method to derive constraints on new physics models featuring exotic long-lived particles using detector-corrected measurements of prompt states is presented. The C ontur workflow is modified to either account for the fraction of long-lived particles which decay early enough to be reconstructed as prompt, or to be sensitive to the recoil of such particles against a prompt system. This makes it possible to determine how many of signal events would be selected in the R ivet routines which encapsulate the fiducial regions of dozens of measurements of Standard Model processes by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations. New constraints are set on several popular exotic long-lived particle models in the very short-lifetime or very long-lifetime regimes, which are often poorly covered by direct searches. The probed models include feebly-interacting dark matter, hidden sector models mediated by a heavy neutral scalar, dark photon models and a model featuring photo-phobic axion-like particles.

A method to derive constraints on new physics models featuring exotic long-lived particles using detector-corrected measurements of prompt states is presented. The CONTUR workflow is modified to either account for the fraction of long-lived particles which decay early enough to be reconstructed as prompt, or to be sensitive to the recoil of such particles against a prompt system. This makes it possible to determine how many of signal events would be selected in the RIVET routines which encapsulate the fiducial regions of dozens of measurements of Standard Model processes by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations. New constraints are set on several popular exotic long-lived particle models in the very short-lifetime or very long-lifetime regimes, which are often poorly covered by direct searches. The probed models include feebly-interacting dark matter, hidden sector models mediated by a heavy neutral scalar, dark photon models and a model featuring photo-phobic axion-like particles.

The Type II Seesaw model remains a popular and viable explanation of neutrino masses and mixing angles. By hypothesizing the existence of a scalar that is a triplet under the weak gauge interaction, the model predicts strong correlations among neutrino oscillation parameters, signals at lepton flavor experiments, and collider observables at high energies. We investigate reports that the Type II Seesaw can naturally accommodate recent measurements by the CDF collaboration, which finds the mass of the \\(W\\) boson to be significantly larger than allowed by electroweak precision data, while simultaneously evading constraints from direct searches. Experimental scrutiny of this parameter space in the Type II Seesaw has long been evaded since it is not characterized by ``golden channels'' at colliders but instead by cascade decays, moderate mass splittings, and many soft final states. In this work, we test this parameter space against publicly released measurements made at the Large Hadron Collider. By employing a newly developed tool chain combining MadGraph5\\_aMC@NLO and Contur, we find that most of the favored space for this discrepancy is already excluded by measurements of Standard Model final states. We give suggestions for further exploration at Run III of the LHC, which is now underway.

The Apollo Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) platform is an open-source design consisting of a generic \"Service Module\" (SM) and a customizable \"Command Module\" (CM), allowing for cost-effective use in applications such as the readout of the inner tracker and the Level-1 track trigger for the CMS Phase-II upgrade at the HL-LHC. The SM integrates an intelligent IPMC, robust power entry and conditioning systems, a powerful system-on-module computer, and flexible clock and communication infrastructure. The CM is designed around two Xilinx Ultrascale+ FPGAs and high-density, high-bandwidth optical transceivers capable of 25 Gb/s. Crates of Apollo blades are currently being tested at Boston University, Cornell University, and CERN.

We document the activities performed during the second MadAnalysis 5 workshop on LHC recasting, that was organised in KIAS (Seoul, Korea) on February 12-20, 2020. We detail the implementation of 12 new ATLAS and CMS searches in the MadAnalysis 5 Public Analysis Database, and the associated validation procedures. Those searches probe the production of extra gauge and scalar/pseudoscalar bosons, supersymmetry, seesaw models and deviations from the Standard Model in four-top production.

In August 2023, more than 30 students joined the Special Remote DESY summer-school to work on projects of importance for LHC experiments. In a dedicated initiative, analyses that had not been incorporated into the RIVET package were implemented and verified. Here, a brief description of the accomplished work is given, and a comparison of the measurements with predictions obtained from matched standard parton shower Monte Carlo event generators as well as with those obtained from Parton-Branching TMDs with corresponding parton showers are presented.

For kesterite copper zinc tin sulfide/selenide (CZTSSe) solar cells to enter the market, in addition to efficiency improvements, the technological capability to produce flexible and large-area modules with homogeneous properties is necessary. Here, we report a greater than 10% efficiency for a cell area of approximately 0.5 cm 2 and a greater than 8% efficiency for a cell area larger than 2 cm 2 of certified flexible CZTSSe solar cells. By designing a thin and multi-layered precursor structure, the formation of defects and defect clusters, particularly tin-related donor defects, is controlled, and the open circuit voltage value is enhanced. Using statistical analysis, we verify that the cell-to-cell and within-cell uniformity characteristics are improved. This study reports the highest efficiency so far for flexible CZTSSe solar cells with small and large areas. These results also present methods for improving the efficiency and enlarging the cell area. Flexibility and homogeneity are preferred properties for the kesterite solar modules to compete with silicon counterparts. Here, Yang et al. achieve these properties by designing a thin and multi-layered precursor structure and at the same time increase the open circuit voltage and device efficiency.

We analyzed reports for 59,073 contacts of 5,706 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) index patients reported in South Korea during January 20-March 27, 2020. Of 10,592 household contacts, 11.8% had COVID-19. Of 48,481 nonhousehold contacts, 1.9% had COVID-19. Use of personal protective measures and social distancing reduces the likelihood of transmission.

We investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI), radiological body composition, and survival outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) underwent first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapy. Analyzing data from 102 patients treated between November 2019 and March 2023, pre-treatment computed tomography (CT) scans assessed fat and muscle areas. BMI and body composition indices were examined, including skeletal muscle index, subcutaneous fat index (SFI), visceral fat index, and total fat index. Kaplan-Meier curves and Log rank tests compared progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), while multivariable Cox proportional regression analysis was performed to identify the variables significantly associated with survival outcomes. 54 patients (52.9%) experienced disease progression, and 26 (25.5%) died during a median follow-up of 17.4 months. High SFI was significantly associated with improved OS (p = 0.018) but not PFS (p = 0.090). Multivariable analysis confirmed the positive impact of high SFI on OS (adjusted HR: 0.37, = 0.029) and suggested a trend towards improved PFS (adjusted HR: 0.61, = 0.088). Notably, in the ipilimumab + nivolumab subgroup, high SFI significantly correlated with both PFS and OS ( = 0.047 and = 0.012, respectively). High SFI predicts favorable OS in patients with mRCC receiving first-line ICI-based therapy, especially patients treated with ipilimumab + nivolumab displayed a significant association between high SFI and favorable PFS and OS.

Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive compound from Cannabis , has various bioactive functions in humans and animals. Evidence suggests that CBD promotes muscle injury recovery in athletes, but whether and how CBD improves endurance performance remains unclear. Here we investigated the effects of CBD treatment on exercise performance in mice and assessed whether this effect involves the gut microbiome. CBD administration significantly increased treadmill running performance in mice, accompanied by an increase in oxidative myofiber composition. CBD also increased mitochondrial biogenesis and the expression of associated genes such as PGC-1α, phosphorylated CREB and AMPK in muscle tissue. Interestingly, CBD altered the composition of the gut microbiome, and antibiotic treatment reduced the muscle endurance-enhancing effects of CBD and mitochondrial biogenesis. We isolated Bifidobacterium animalis , a microbe increased by CBD administration, and named it KBP-1. Treatment with B. animalis KBP-1 in mice resulted in improved running performance. Whole-genome analysis revealed that B. animalis KBP-1 presented high expression of genes involved in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, expression of branched-chain amino acid release pumps and metabolism of lactic acid. In summary, our study identified CBD and B. animalis KBP-1 as potential endurance exercise-promoting agents. CBD enhances endurance performance through gut microbiome changes This study explores how cannabidiol (CBD), a compound from the Cannabis sativa plant, affects exercise performance and muscle function. The researchers wanted to see if CBD could improve endurance by changing gut bacteria. They found that CBD improved endurance and increased the presence of certain gut bacteria, including Bifidobacterium animalis , that may help muscles use energy more efficiently. The study involved treating mice with either CBD or B. animalis for 4 weeks and measuring their running ability on a treadmill. The researchers examined changes in muscle fibers and gut bacteria composition. They discovered that CBD and B. animalis increased oxidative muscle fibers, which benefit endurance performance. The results suggest that CBD enhances exercise performance by promoting beneficial gut bacteria and improving muscle energy use. The researchers conclude that both CBD and B. animalis could be used to boost endurance.