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Accumulation of anthocyanins in the taproot of radish is an agronomic trait beneficial for human health. Several genetic loci are related to a red skin or flesh color of radish, however, the functional divergence of candidate genes between non-red and red radishes has not been investigated. Here, we report that a novel genetic locus on the R2 chromosome, where RsMYB1 . 1 is located, is associated with the red color of the skin of radish taproot. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 66 non-red-skinned (nR) and 34 red-skinned (R) radish accessions identified three nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the third exon of RsMYB1 . 1 . Although the genotypes of SNP loci differed between the nR and R radishes, no functional difference in the RsMYB1.1 proteins of nR and R radishes in their physical interaction with RsTT8 was detected by yeast-two hybrid assay or in anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco and radish leaves coexpressing RsMYB1.1 and RsTT8. By contrast, insertion- or deletion-based GWAS revealed that one large AT-rich low-complexity sequence of 1.3–2 kb was inserted in the promoter region of RsMYB1 . 1 in the nR radishes ( RsMYB1 . 1 nR ), whereas the R radishes had no such insertion; this represents a presence/absence variation (PAV). This insertion sequence (RsIS) was radish specific and distributed among the nine chromosomes of Raphanus genomes. Despite the extremely low transcription level of RsMYB1 . 1 nR in the nR radishes, the inactive RsMYB1 . 1 nR promoter could be functionally restored by deletion of the RsIS. The results of a transient expression assay using radish root sections suggested that the RsIS negatively regulates the expression of RsMYB1 . 1 nR , resulting in the downregulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, including RsCHS , RsDFR , and RsANS , in the nR radishes. This work provides the first evidence of the involvement of PAV in an agronomic trait of radish.

Seung-hoon Jeong discusses in his paper global action thrillers about the war on terror. He highlights the biopolitical abjection of counterterrorist agents from their state agencies. This abjection ends up either self-reaffirming in the manner of a sovereign agent (the Bond series) or terrorizing their sovereign system (the Bourne series), while both are trapped in the vicious cycle of terror and counterterror. More notable is the \"mind-game\" sci-fi genre. Source Code, among others, stages a loop of a traumatic counterterrorist mission with retroactive causality, a closed circuit of neoliberal productivity and pathological abjection in a video-game narrative. The time-travel motif here, however, ultimately \"undoes\" sacrifice, problematically sacrificing the ethics of sacrifice. Finding no exit from the sovereign system, the abject agent against it embraces the perpetual present of actions including undoing traumas. This reinforced reaffirmation of sovereign agency underlies Hollywood's new ideology as seen in many other post-Source Code films.

Abeliophyllum distichum and Forsythia ovata are closely related species endemic to Korea and are highly valued as ornamental shrubs in the Oleaceae family. A combination of PacBio and Illumina sequencing with Hi-C scaffolding technologies was employed to develop chromosome-level genome assemblies of these species. The assembled genome sizes are 795.72 Mb for A. distichum and 1,108.53 Mb for F. ovata . The assemblies exhibit scaffold N50 lengths of 53.12 Mb and 68.97 Mb, with minimal gaps measuring 323.40 kb and 149.00 kb, and 97.71% and 98.82% BUSCO scores for Embryophyta single-copy orthologs, respectively, indicating high contiguity and completeness. The genomes contain 485.24 Mb and 691.68 Mb of repetitive sequences, 4,926 and 7,175 full-length long terminal repeat retrotransposons, and 49,414 and 57,587 protein-coding genes, respectively. The 14 pseudochromosomes encompass 93.80% of the A. distichum genome and 89.11% of the F. ovata genome, thereby demonstrating one-to-one chromosome-level collinearity. These high-quality genome assemblies serve as invaluable resources for genetic and breeding studies, facilitating a deeper understanding of the evolutionary history of these distinctive species.

Background: To date, Sports Team Smartphone Application (STSA) provides quick information, score, result, and highlights for fans. Also, STSA is a useful marketing tool for professional sports teams in research and practice. Therefore, the purpose of this study is (a) to examine the relationship between information credibility, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Intention to Revisit Apps (IRA), and Actual Sport Behavior (ASB) and (b) to apply an integrated Stimulus Organism Response (SOR) framework for the STSA. Method: The sample consisted of 315 participants from four Korean professional baseball teams. Results: The result supported multiple hypotheses. First, information credibility's accuracy and attractiveness significantly influence trustworthiness, perceived ease of use (PEOU), and perceived usefulness (PU). Trustworthiness and attractiveness of information have a positive influence on customers' IRAs. The PEOU influences PU, which affects IRA and ASB. Lastly, IRA significantly influences ASB. This study highlighted the purchasing behavior of sports fans through sports teams' apps. It also provided evidence that sports teams' apps can be beneficial tools to ensure the usefulness of information and IRA. Finally, the data provide evidence that the SOR theory applies to an STSA environment in a sports context. These results suggest that the SOR theory can be used to examine online studies and smartphone apps. Conclusions: Through this study's findings, each sports team's marketers will recognize that sports apps are useful resources to provide information and can be used as mutual communication to attract fans to the teams' apps and games more frequently. Consequently, to maximize sports fans' revisiting of team apps, each team needs to provide accurate, attractive, and useful information. Also, teams must update and monitor their apps constantly for effective management.

Cardiac hypertrophy occurs in response to increased hemodynamic demand and can progress to heart failure. Identifying the key regulators of this process is clinically important. Though it is thought that the phosphorylation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 2 plays a crucial role in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, the detailed mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. Here, we performed immunoprecipitation and peptide pull-down assays to characterize the functional complex of HDAC2. Protein phosphatase (PP) 2 A was confirmed as a binding partner of HDAC2. PPP2CA, the catalytic subunit of PP2A, bound to HDAC2 and prevented its phosphorylation. Transient overexpression of PPP2CA specifically regulated both the phosphorylation of HDAC2 S394 and hypertrophy-associated HDAC2 activation. HDAC2 S394 phosphorylation was increased in a dose-dependent manner by PP2A inhibitors. Hypertrophic stresses, such as phenylephrine in vitro or pressure overload in vivo, caused PPP2CA to dissociate from HDAC2. Forced expression of PPP2CA negatively regulated the hypertrophic response, but PP2A inhibitors provoked hypertrophy. Adenoviral delivery of a phosphomimic HDAC2 mutant, adenovirus HDAC2 S394E, successfully blocked the anti-hypertrophic effect of adenovirus-PPP2CA, implicating HDAC2 S394 phosphorylation as a critical event for the anti-hypertrophic response. PPP2CA transgenic mice were protected against isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and subsequent cardiac fibrosis, whereas simultaneous expression of HDAC2 S394E in the heart did induce hypertrophy. Taken together, our results suggest that PP2A is a critical regulator of HDAC2 activity and pathological cardiac hypertrophy and is a promising target for future therapeutic interventions. Cardiovascular disease: A brake for heart muscle growth A regulatory mechanism that controls how cardiac muscle responds to stress could inform development of new therapies for preventing heart failure. Physiological stimuli ranging from heavy exercise to heart attack can induce hypertrophy, an increase in cardiac muscle mass that is initially beneficial but can lead to organ failure. Researchers led by Gwang Hyeon Eom and Hyun Kook at the Chonnam National University Biomedical Research Center, Hwasungun, South Korea have found that an enzyme called protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) keeps cardiac hypertrophy in check. PP2A binds to and inhibits a second protein known as HDAC2, which would otherwise stimulate the hypertrophic response to stress. The researchers have identified the biochemical mechanism by which PP2A inactivates HDAC2, and demonstrate that this inhibition effectively protects against hypertrophic cardiac damage in mice, revealing a possible avenue for clinical intervention.

Roger Ebert's succinct rhythm with sharp punchlines exemplifies classical lessons on howto write well; Jonathan Rosenbaum's expansive free-association embodies literaiy modernism in exploring the multilayered core of his topic; Jim Hoberman's rhetorical bravura maximally condenses vast information and pungent criticality in a postmodern style of journalism. [...]the cinema's hall of fame has been shining with ever more directors-as-stars, whose authorship has survived all historical backlashes against auteurism and now function as brand name in both the commercial and critical markets of film reception.

[...]he trains his cognitive and corporeal faculties through the skillful 'bricolage,' the deft creation of tools from randomly available, mostly abandoned materials as also seen in Poongsan. First of all, the rules of gambling lay a commercial platform for the 'noncommercial nature' of gambling, i.e., luck, but hustlers called tazza who manipulate luck continue to break them. [...]without gambling he would have been no other than a dog of capital who slaves away but hardly escapes from a vicious cycle of debt and poverty. [...]his desire to live in \"Tower Palace\"-a symbol of wealth in Seoul - is no different from the desire of the world itself where speculative capital takes over the value of labor, the return on capital based on money-making-money is greater than the rate of economic growth based on production, and class structure changes into the 'winner-takes-all' system of 1:99. [...]today's global Korean cinema is full of abject agents who traverse the dual East Asian networks of the neoliberal trinity: cognitive, financial, and emotional capitalism.

We examined the role of causal attributions of sport consumers in the formation of emotions and satisfaction judgment. Participants were 165 students at a large university in the southeastern United States. Through a series of hierarchical regression analyses, their attribution processes were found to be an important antecedent of their consumption emotions. Specifically, internal causes that related to the game outcome (e.g., internal control and stability) had a significant positive impact on their feelings of pride and a significant negative effect on their shame, whereas external control had a significant positive impact on their anger and a significant negative effect on their feelings of gratitude. Thus, both internal control and stability appeared to be the most influential causal attribution dimensions in predicting consumer satisfaction with the outcome of a game. From a practical perspective, marketing campaigns emphasizing a sporting team's season-long stability may enhance sport consumers' satisfaction.

The first collection to address the writings of John Grierson, Siegfried Kracauer, André Bazin and Georg Lukács in one volume.