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The commonest constituent of all hair dyes is paraphenylene diamine (PPD). Hair dye poisoning is emerging as one of the emerging causes of intentional self-poisoning to commit suicide. In this article, we report a case of PPD poisoning and the importance of clinical of hair dye poisoning. The lack of specific diagnostic tests, a specific antidote for paraphenylene diamine poisoning and the importance of early supportive treatment modalities are also discussed.

The commonest constituent of all hair dyes is paraphenylene diamine (PPD) being used by the people to color their hair all over the world. Hair dye poisoning is emerging as one of the emerging causes of intentional self-poisoning to commit suicide. In this article, the importance of clinical manifestations and of hair dye poisoning is discussed due to the lack of specific diagnostic tests. Since there is no specific antidote for PPD poisoning, the early supportive treatment modalities are discussed.

We describe the process and experience of implementing a Community event-based Surveillance (CEBS) pilot project in one district in Tamil Nadu, India. The project was implemented by National Institute of Epidemiology (NIE) in collaboration with the Tamil Nadu State Public Health Department and US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. The design and process of implementation of the pilot project was developed in collaboration with the Tamil Nadu State Public Health Department. Training materials and an SMS/phone call-based system was developed for community-level reporting. Data pertaining to signals, verified events and response were collected from April - December 2017 and February - December 2019. The frequency of reported signals, the proportion of verified events and the percentage/type of events responded by the health staff were computed. The stakeholders agreed on seven signals for detection of events. Three hundred health workers, 85 doctors and 8214 volunteers were trained. A total of 144 signals were reported of which the three most commonly reported signals were fever with rash (35%), clusters of similar illness (26%) and death of three or more animals or birds in one week (23%). Among the 25 events requiring action, 16 were not reported from existing surveillance systems. The current project demonstrated that CEBS can add value to the existing surveillance systems by engaging the communities to detect and report. Although the current pilot project was implemented in only one district, many important lessons were learnt including, the challenges that should be mitigated before expansion. The State Level leadership is actively exploring ways to strengthen a culture of reporting by initiating programmes that routinely and publicly acknowledge and appreciate reporters and to actively sensitise communities to reduce stigma of reporting.

Periapical abscesses are common but may rarely be a subclinical infection in dental clinics. If an infection progresses rapidly or slowly as a tooth ache of chronic periodontitis with clinical features misleading the diagnosis, the dentists are able to recognize the salient signs and identify the patients at risk. This article reviews a case of a rare innocuous periapical abscess presenting as angioedema of upper lip with history of consuming nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as diclofenac sodium whenever needed for arthralgia on a short-term basis.

The intravenous administration of propofol and fentanyl has become a common practice in a variety of clinical settings including outpatient dermatologic, cosmetic and oral surgery. The combination provides both systematic sedation and analgesia with low incidence of unwanted side effects. The cardiogenic shock is very uncommon in healthy individuals. The cardiovascular depressive effect of propofol and fentanyl has been well established, but the development of cardiogenic shock is very rare when these drugs are used together. Hence the awareness of this effect is advantageous to the patients undergoing such surgeries

Aim: To evaluate the anti-nociceptive activity of Emblica officinalis using acetic acid induced writhing test and eddy’s hot plate method in mice and to investigate the role of opioid receptors in the central anti-nociceptive activity of Emblica officinalis. Materials and Methods: Peripheral analgesic activity of Emblica officinalis was evaluated using acetic acid induced writhing test. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg, p.o) was used as the standard drug and Emblica officinalis was used at a dose of 300 mg/kg, p.o. Central anti-nociceptive activity of Emblica officinalis was evaluated using eddy’s hot plate method. Morphine (5 mg/kg,i.p) was used as the standard drug and Emblica officinalis was used at a dose of 300 mg/kg, p.o. To assess the role of opioid system, the other groups of animals were pretreated with μ opioid receptor antagonist (CTAP-1 mg/kg, i.p), δ opioid receptor antagonist (Naltrindole-1 mg/kg, i.p) and κ opioid receptor antagonist(Nor-Binaltorphimine-1 mg/kg,i.p) and then treated with vehicle/Emblica officinalis. Results were analysed using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Emblica officinalis decreased the number of writhings significantly (p<0.001) in acetic acid test when compared to control group. Administration of Emblica officinalisincreased the latency time significantly (p<0.05) when compared to control group in hot plate model. Further, administration of CTAP prior to Emblica officinalis reversed the anti-nociceptive effect significantly (p<0.001) when compared to Emblica officinalis group. Conclusion: Emblica officinalis possesses analgesic effect in both central and peripheral models of nociception. The central anti-nociceptive activity probably mediated via μ opioid receptor.

[...]this study was designed to assess the KAP of the HCPs in a tertiary care hospital and also to explore reasons for underreporting of ADRs. [...]regular awareness program and training in ADR reporting could help in bridging this gap. [4] Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) studies help in improving existing Pv system and to reduce drug related problems in our country and to investigate reasons for underreporting)^ Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate the KAP of the HCPs in a tertiary care hospital and to explore reasons for underreporting of ADRs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among HCPs (doctors, nurses, and pharmacists) working in Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) hospital in Puducherry, which is a 700-bedded tertiary care hospital in South India where ADR reporting program exists in hospital since 2014 and the same is coordinated by the Department of Pharmacology, PIMS, Pondicherry.