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"Jia Qu"
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Research on mobile learning in a teaching information service system based on a big data driven environment
Aiming at the challenges of mobile learning in the current big data environment and the current research status of teaching intelligent services(TIS), the article first explores the construction of mobile learning in the teaching intelligent service system(TISS) of colleges and universi-ties(C&U) from a big data driven perspective; secondly, the business process of mobile learn-ing for support and guidance, big-data-driven mobile learning intelligent service framework system is constructed, which mainly includes three levels: infrastructure layer, data resource layer, and service application layer. The functions and characteristics of each layers are dis-cussed in detail. Use big data to analyze the application status of mobile learning in college education from three aspects: overall development, resource construction, and utilization. It is proposed to increase courseware resources, reform teaching models, and use big data analysis to improve the level of teaching management continuously comments and suggestions. Re-searchers believe that the system can integrate mobile learning infrastructure, data resources, service applications and students, reconstruct the business process of mobile learning intelli-gent services, provide decision support for mobile learning services, and at the same time, it can improve learning capabilities and provide personalized the service realizes teaching stu-dents by their aptitude.
Journal Article
إحضار الكتب المقدسة
عاش النبيل كو في بلدة تونغتايفو كان رجلا طيبا يحب الخير وعرض أن يستضيف سان تسانغ وتلاميذه لفترة طويلة، ولكنهم رفضوا رغم إلحاح عائلة النبيل؛ فلم يجدوا بدا من توديعهم. وما إن غادر سان تسانغ وتلاميذه حتى تعرض بيت النبيل للسرقة، وقتل النبيل كو، فأضمرت زوجته الضغينة لسان تسانغ وتلاميذه لأنهم لم يوافقوا على البقاء رغم الإلحاح عليهم، واتهمت الزوجة سان تسانغ وتلاميذه زورا بارتكاب الجريمة، وقدمت دعوى لمقاضاتهم. وفي طريق اللصوص للفرار، أرادوا سرقة سان تسانغ وتلاميذه أيضا، ولكن وو كونغ قبض عليهم، وحينما التقى سان تسانغ وتلاميذه بالضباط والجنود الذين جاؤوا لملاحقتهم، حدث سوء فهم أدى لاتهام سان تسانغ وتلاميذه.
Book
MDHGI: Matrix Decomposition and Heterogeneous Graph Inference for miRNA-disease association prediction
Recently, a growing number of biological research and scientific experiments have demonstrated that microRNA (miRNA) affects the development of human complex diseases. Discovering miRNA-disease associations plays an increasingly vital role in devising diagnostic and therapeutic tools for diseases. However, since uncovering associations via experimental methods is expensive and time-consuming, novel and effective computational methods for association prediction are in demand. In this study, we developed a computational model of Matrix Decomposition and Heterogeneous Graph Inference for miRNA-disease association prediction (MDHGI) to discover new miRNA-disease associations by integrating the predicted association probability obtained from matrix decomposition through sparse learning method, the miRNA functional similarity, the disease semantic similarity, and the Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity for diseases and miRNAs into a heterogeneous network. Compared with previous computational models based on heterogeneous networks, our model took full advantage of matrix decomposition before the construction of heterogeneous network, thereby improving the prediction accuracy. MDHGI obtained AUCs of 0.8945 and 0.8240 in the global and the local leave-one-out cross validation, respectively. Moreover, the AUC of 0.8794+/-0.0021 in 5-fold cross validation confirmed its stability of predictive performance. In addition, to further evaluate the model's accuracy, we applied MDHGI to four important human cancers in three different kinds of case studies. In the first type, 98% (Esophageal Neoplasms) and 98% (Lymphoma) of top 50 predicted miRNAs have been confirmed by at least one of the two databases (dbDEMC and miR2Disease) or at least one experimental literature in PubMed. In the second type of case study, what made a difference was that we removed all known associations between the miRNAs and Lung Neoplasms before implementing MDHGI on Lung Neoplasms. As a result, 100% (Lung Neoplasms) of top 50 related miRNAs have been indexed by at least one of the three databases (dbDEMC, miR2Disease and HMDD V2.0) or at least one experimental literature in PubMed. Furthermore, we also tested our prediction method on the HMDD V1.0 database to prove the applicability of MDHGI to different datasets. The results showed that 50 out of top 50 miRNAs related with the breast neoplasms were validated by at least one of the three databases (HMDD V2.0, dbDEMC, and miR2Disease) or at least one experimental literature.
Journal Article
Pollen tube integrity regulation in flowering plants
Unlike in animals, sperm in flowering plants are immotile and they are embraced as passive cargoes by a pollen tube which embarks on a long journey in the pistil to deliver them to the female gametophyte for fertilization. How the pollen tube switches from a rapid polarized growth towards its target to an abrupt disintegration for sperm cell release inside the female gametophyte is puzzling. Recent studies have shown that members of the Catharanthus roseus RLK1-like (CrRLK1L) receptor kinase family and their ligands, 5-kDa cysteine-rich peptide rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs), engage in an intricate balancing act involving autocrine and paracrine signaling to maintain pollen tube growth and induce timely tube rupture at the spatially confined pollen tube–female gametophyte interface. Here, we review recent progress related to pollen tube integrity control, mainly focusing on the molecular understanding of signaling as well as intracellular signaling nodes in Arabidopsis. Some missing links and future perspectives are also discussed.
Journal Article
Research Progress on the Application of Steel Slag in Water Treatment
As the economy evolves swiftly, the significance of the iron and steel sector in the national economy has grown, yet concurrently, it generates a substantial quantity of steel slag. Steel slag, a form of industrial refuse posing possible environmental risks, presents an immediate challenge in its logical usage and treatment. Lately, there has been significant focus on studying how steel slag is applied in environmental treatment. The article presents an overview of the material makeup, physical, and chemical characteristics of steel slag, and encapsulates the advancements in its application research for water treatment in recent times. Concurrently, this document highlights the difficulties and hurdles associated with steel slag, along with an exploration of its potential applications and future development paths.
Journal Article
Crystal structure of PXY-TDIF complex reveals a conserved recognition mechanism among CLE peptide-receptor pairs
Plants can achieve amazing lifespans because of their continuous and repetitive formation of new organs by stem cells present within meristems. The balance between proliferation and differentiation of meristem cells is large- ly regulated by the CLAVATA3/ENDOSPERM SURROUNDING REGION （CLE） peptide hormones. One of the well-characterized CLE peptides, CLE41/TDIF （tracheary elements differentiation inhibitory factor）, functions to suppress tracheary element differentiation and promote procambial cell proliferation, playing important roles in vascular development and wood formation. The recognition mechanisms of TDIF or other CLE peptides by their respective receptors, however, remain largely elusive. Here we report the crystal structure of TDIF in complex with its receptor PXY, a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase （LRR-RK）. Our structure reveals that TDIF mainly adopts an ＂t＇l＂-like conformation binding to the inner surface of the LRR domain of PXY. Interaction between TDIF and PXY is predominately mediated by the relatively conserved amino acids of TDIF. Structure-based sequence alignment showed that the TDIF-interacting motifs are also conserved among other known CLE receptors. Our data provide a structural template for understanding the recognition mechanism of CLE peptides by their receptors, offering an op- portunity for the identification of receptors of other uncharacterized CLE peptides.
Journal Article
Targeted mutagenesis in rice using CRISPR-Cas system
Genome editing of model organisms is essential for gene function analysis and is thus critical for human health and agricultural production. The current technolo- gies used for genome editing include ZFN （zinc-finger nuclease）, meganucleases, TALEN （Transcription activa- tor-like effector nucleases）, etc. [1]. These technologies can generate double stranded breaks （DSBs） to either disrupt gene function through generation of premature stop codons by non-homologous end joining （NHEJ） pathway, or to facilitate gene targeting through homolo- gous recombination （HR） with an incoming template. Recently, a new technology for genome editing, CRISPR （Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Re- peats）/Cas （CRISPR-associated） systems, has been de- veloped [2]. CRISPR/Cas systems are adaptive defense systems in prokaryotic organisms to fight against alien nucleic acids [3]. The spacer sequences acquired from foreign DNA are positioned between host repeats, and transcribed together as CRISPR RNA （crRNA）. In the type II CRISPR system, a single nuclease Cas9, guided by a dual-crRNA：tracrRNA, is sufficient to cleave cog- nate DNA homologous to the spacer [2]. Efficient cleav- age also requires the presence of protospacer adjacent motif （PAM） 5＇-NGG-3＇ following the spacer sequence. The dual-crRNA：tracrRNA has been further streamlined to a single RNA chimera, called sgRNA （single guide RNA） [2]. Compared with protein-guided technologies, CRISPR/Cas system is much easier to implement, as only short guide RNAs need to be customized to target the genes of interest. Up to now, the CRISPR/Cas sys- tem has been successfully applied to efficient genome editing in many eukaryotic organisms including human [1], mice [4], zebra fish [5], fly [6], worm [7], and yeast [8]. However, the application of CRISPR/Cas system in plants has not been reported. Rice （Oryza sativa L.） is a major staple crop in the grass family （Poaceae）, feed- ing half of the world＇s population.
Journal Article
Arabidopsis RAP2.2 plays an important role in plant resistance to Botrytis cinerea and ethylene responses
• Ethylene plays a crucial role in plant resistance to necrotrophic pathogens, in which ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORs (ERFs) are often involved. • Here, we evaluated the role of an ERF transcription factor, RELATED TO AP2 2 (RAP2.2), in Botrytis resistance and ethylene responses in Arabidopsis. We analyzed the resistance of transgenic plants overexpressing RAP2.2 and the T‐DNA insertion mutant to Botrytis cinerea. We assessed its role in the ethylene signaling pathway by molecular and genetic approaches. • RAP2.2‐overexpressing transgenic plants showed increased resistance to B. cinerea, whereas its T‐DNA insertion mutant rap2.2‐3 showed decreased resistance. Overexpression of RAP2.2 in ethylene insensitive 2 (ein2) and ein3 ein3‐like 1 (eil1) mutants restored their resistance to B. cinerea. Both ethylene and Botrytis infection induced the expression of RAP2.2 and the induction was disrupted in ein2 and ein3 eil1 mutants. We identified rap2.12‐1 as a T‐DNA insertion mutant of RAP2.12, the closest homolog of RAP2.2. The hypocotyls of rap2.2‐3 rap2.12‐1 double mutants showed ethylene insensitivity. The constitutive triple response in constitutive triple response1 (ctr1) was partially released in the rap2.2‐3 rap2.12‐1 ctr1 triple mutants. • Our findings demonstrate that RAP2.2 functions as an important regulator in Botrytis resistance and ethylene responses.
Journal Article
Arabidopsis pollen tube integrity and sperm release are regulated by RALF-mediated signaling
In flowering plants, fertilization requires complex cell-to-cell communication events between the pollen tube and the female reproductive tissues, which are controlled by extracellular signaling molecules interacting with receptors at the pollen tube surface. We found that two such receptors in Arabidopsis, BUPS1 and BUPS2, and their peptide ligands, RALF4 and RALF19, are pollen tube–expressed and are required to maintain pollen tube integrity. BUPS1 and BUPS2 interact with receptors ANXUR1 and ANXUR2 via their ectodomains, and both sets of receptors bind RALF4 and RALF19. These receptor-ligand interactions are in competition with the female-derived ligand RALF34, which induces pollen tube bursting at nanomolar concentrations. We propose that RALF34 replaces RALF4 and RALF19 at the interface of pollen tube–female gametophyte contact, thereby deregulating BUPS-ANXUR signaling and in turn leading to pollen tube rupture and sperm release.
Journal Article