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High‐brilliance circularly polarized γ‐photon beams are of great significance for a wide range of applications. However, their generation through nonlinear Compton scattering must require a high‐density longitudinally‐spin‐polarized electron beam and consequently is still a great challenge. Here, a novel method is proposed to generate such γ‐photon beams via the vacuum dichroism (VD)‐assisted vacuum birefringence (VB) effect, only utilizing a well‐established unpolarized electron beam. A linearly polarized laser pulse is splitted into two subpulses with the first one colliding with a dense unpolarized electron beam to generate a linearly polarized γ‐photon beam (via nonlinear Compton scattering), which then further collides with the second subpulse and is transformed into a circularly polarized one via the VB effect. It is found that by manipulating the relative polarization of two subpulses, one can “purify” the polarization of the γ‐photon beam via the VD effect, thereby significantly enhancing the circular polarization of the γ‐photon beam. Due to the VD assistance, the VB effect reaches optimal when the relative polarization is nearly 30°, not the widely used 45° in the common VB detection methods. The numerical results show that one can obtain a circularly polarized γ‐photon beam with average degree of about 30% (43%) for energies above 500 (1000) MeV and brilliance of about 1024 (1023) photons/(s · mm2 · mrad2 · 0.1%BW) at 500 (1000) MeV by using a currently feasible laser with a peak intensity of about 1022 Wcm−2. And, it can be further improved to above 60% (75%) by increasing the laser pulse duration. Moreover, our method is shown to be robust with respect to the laser and electron beam parameters, and can also be used to efficiently confirm the well‐known VB effect itself, which has been predicted a very long time ago but has not been directly observed in experiments yet. A novel method is proposed for generating such γ‐photon beams via the vacuum‐dichroism‐assisted quantum vacuum birefringence effect, only utilizing well‐established unpolarized electron beams and solving the critical problem of demanding polarized ones. Moreover, the method can serve to confirm the well‐known VB, which is predicted a long time ago but has not been directly observed in experiments yet.

[...]from March 2019 to July 2019, 24 patients with renal stones underwent PCNL with the use of needle-perc needles at our hospital. [4] The pressure throughout the procedure ranged between 16 and 35 cmH2O (1 cmH2O = 98 Pa), which effectively avoided bacterial reflux. Because of the small size of the intra-sheath space, gravity irrigation was preferred for the needle-perc procedure. [...]needle-perc is still in the early stage of clinical application, so there is much room for improvement in its handling, materials, and performance. [...]needle-perc is a smart instrument for PCNL to manage some special cases.

Signatures of stochastic effects in the radiation of a relativistic electron beam interacting with a counterpropagating superstrong short focused laser pulse are investigated in a quantum regime when the electron’s radiation dominates its dynamics. We consider the electron-laser interaction at near-reflection conditions when pronounced high-energy gamma-ray bursts arise in the backward-emission direction with respect to the initial motion of the electrons. The quantum stochastic nature of the gamma-photon emission is exhibited in the angular distributions of the radiation and explained in an intuitive picture. Although, the visibility of the stochasticity signatures depends on the laser and electron beam parameters, the signatures are of a qualitative nature and robust. The stochasticity, a fundamental quantum property of photon emission, should thus be measurable rather straightforwardly with laser technology available in near future.

Optical rotators based on the Faraday effect have been widely used in optical systems, such as optical isolation and circulators. However, due to the limitation of crystals, the application of such optical rotators in high-power lasers has been severely hindered. Here, we propose a novel plasma rotator based on the frequency-variable Faraday rotation (FVFR) in a compact manner, achieved by driving the magnetized underdense plasma with a relativistic linearly polarized laser. In the magnetized plasma, the drive laser undergoes photon deceleration and relativistic Faraday rotation, leading to the generation of relativistic polarization-tunable mid-infrared (mid-IR) pulse with intensity ≥ 10 16 W cm −2 and a spectral width of 5–25 μm. With different magnetic fields, the polarization angle of the generated mid-IR pulse can be well controlled. Especially, one can obtain a circularly polarized mid-IR pulse with the spatial average polarization degree of ≥ 0.94 at a suitable external magnetic field. The robustness of the rotator has been well demonstrated through comprehensive three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations across a wide range of laser and plasma parameters. Such a rotator via FVFR is valid from mid to far-infrared and even THz waveband, offering new opportunities for strong-field physics, attosecond science, laboratory astrophysics, etc, and paving the way for relativistic plasma magneto-optics and future relativistic plasma optical devices. A novel magnetized plasma rotator based on Frequency-Variable Faraday Rotation (FVFR) in the nonlinear plasma wake is put forward, which can manipulate efficiently the polarization of relativistic mid to far-infrared optical pulses and even THz waves.

The preoperative demographic data including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), stone size, and operative position were reviewed. The number of access tract, time for each access establishment, operative duration, postoperative hospital stay time, related complications, stone composition analysis, and auxiliary therapy were recorded. The main concerning problem is that excessive fat tissue surrounding the kidney can reduce the image quality under US, as the distance between puncture point and target calyx is increased, and the US energy is absorbed by adipose tissue along the access route. References 1.Fuller, ARazvi, HDenstedt, JDNott, LPearle, MCauda, F. The CROES percutaneous nephrolithotomy global study: the influence of body mass index on outcome.

Cylindrical vector (CV)$\\gamma$rays can introduce spatially structured polarization as a new degree of freedom for fundamental research and practical applications. However, their generation and control remain largely unexplored. Here, we put forward a novel method to generate CV$\\gamma$rays with tunable hybrid polarization via a rotating electron beam interacting with a solid foil. In this process, the beam generates a coherent transition radiation field and subsequently emits$\\gamma$rays through nonlinear Compton scattering. By manipulating the initial azimuthal momentum of the beam, the polarization angle of$\\gamma$rays relative to the transverse momentum can be controlled, yielding tunable hybrid CV polarization states. Three-dimensional spin-resolved particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate continuous tuning of the polarization angle across$\\left(-90{}^{\\circ},\\ 90{}^{\\circ}\\right)$with a high polarization degree exceeding 60%. Our work contributes to the development of structured$\\gamma$rays, potentially opening up new avenues in high-energy physics, nuclear science and laboratory astrophysics.

PurposeTo compare efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of fosfomycin tromethamine with other standard-of-care antibiotics in patients undergoing ureteroscopic lithotripsy.MethodsThis study was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Eligible patients scheduled for ureteroscopic lithotripsy were randomly assigned to receive either fosfomycin (fosfomycin group, N = 101 patients) or standard-of-care antibiotic therapy as prophylaxis (control group, N = 115 patients). The incidence of infectious complications and adverse events was analyzed between the two groups, as well as the cost–benefit analysis.ResultsThe incidence of infections following lithotripsy was 3.0% in the fosfomycin group and 6.1% in the control group (p > 0.05). Only asymptomatic bacteriuria was reported in fosfomycin group. In the control group was reported asymptomatic bacteriuria (3.5%), fever (0.9%), bacteremia (0.9%), and genitourinary infection (0.9%). The rate of adverse events was very low, with no adverse event reported in the fosfomycin group and only one in the control group (forearm phlebitis). The average cost per patient of antibiotic therapy with fosfomycin was 151.45 ± 8.62 yuan (22.7 ± 1.3 USD), significantly lower compared to the average cost per patient of antibiotics used in the control group 305.10 ± 245.95 yuan (45.7 ± 36.9 USD; p < 0.001).ConclusionsTwo oral doses of 3 g fosfomycin tromethamine showed good efficacy and safety and low cost in perioperative prophylaxis of infections following ureteroscopic stone removal.

is an opportunistic pathogen causing both urogenital and extragenital infections. The lack of cell wall renders difficult to culture and identify with ordinary methods. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a new technology helping a lot in the diagnosis of infective diseases. In this case, NGS played a key role in the diagnosis of infection. A mid-aged man suffering from renal cyst underwent cyst incision followed by invasive treatments to eliminate hematoma caused by renal artery hemorrhage. After the cyst incision operation, the patient had a persistent high temperature. The persistent increase of blood neutrophile granulocyte count and C-reaction protein suggested an unresolved infection. The empirically chosen anti-infective agents were meropenem and linezolid since the ordinary bacterial cultures of surgical site drainage and blood yielded a negative result. At postoperation day (POD) 17, NGS result of his drainage clearly indicated the pathogen was . At POD 24, the drug sensitivity test showed resistance to quinolones, clarithromycin and erythromycin, but intermediate to azithromycin. Since then, the antimicrobial agents were changed into azithromycin and kept unchanged until the patient was fully recovered and discharged at POD 39. When the ordinary laboratory diagnostic methods failed, NGS diagnosis could reduce the hospitalization expenses and shorten the lengths of hospital stay.

Autoresonance laser acceleration of electrons is theoretically investigated using circularly polarized focused Gaussian pulses. Many-particle simulations demonstrate feasibility of creating over 10-GeV electron bunches of ultrahigh quality (relative energy spread of order 10−4 ), suitable for fundamental high-energy particle physics research. The laser peak intensities and axial magnetic field strengths required are up to about 1018W/cm2 (peak power ∼10PW ) and 60 T, respectively. Gains exceeding 100 GeV are shown to be possible when weakly focused pulses from a 200-PW laser facility are used. In our parametric study of this acceleration scheme, substantial challenges still need to be dealt with, especially on the road to realizing experimentally the required high magnetic field strengths and laser powers.

Background：Urolithiasis in pediatric population is a serious problem with the incidence increased these years.In the management of larger stones （diameters 〉2 cm）,percutaneous nephrolithotomy （PCNL） is considered to be the gold standard.This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of mini-PCNL under total ultrasonography in patients aged 〈3 years.Methods：We reviewed 68 patients （80 renal units） aged 〈3 years between August 2006 and December 2014 in Peking University People＆#39;s Hospital and Beijing Tsinghua Changung Hospital,including 36 renal units with a single stone,6 with staghom stones,14 with upper ureteral stones,and 24 with multiple stones.The mean age of the patients was 24.2 months （range 6-36 months）,and the mean maximum stone diameter was 19.2 mm （range 10-35 mm）.The puncture site selection and tract dilation were guided by Doppler ultrasonography solely.All procedures were performed using 12-16 Fr tracts.Stones were fragrnented using pneumatic lithotripsy and a holmium laser with an 8/9.8 Fr rigid ureteroscope.Results：Fifty-six patients with unilateral stones underwent a single session procedure,and 12 patients with bilateral stones underwent two procedures.The mean time to establish access was 2.8 min （range 1.8-5.0 min）,the mean operative time was 36.5 min （range 20-88 min）,the mean decrease in hemoglobin concentration was 8.9 g/L （2-15 g/L）,and the stone-free rate （SFR） at hospital discharge was 94.0%.The mean postoperative hospital stay was 7.1 days （range 3-13 days）.Postprocedure complications included fever （〉38.5℃） in five patients and reactive pleural effusion in one patient.Blood loss requiring transfusion,sepsis,adjacent organ injury,and kidney loss were not observed.Conclusions：This study indicated that ultrasound-guided mini-PCNL is feasible and safe in patients aged 〈3 years,without major complications or radiation exposure.