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The textile industry is one of the most intensive industries in chemical products whose wastewater contains hazardous dyes, pigments, dissolved/suspended solids, and heavy metals. Hence, it is important to effectively treat the wastewater generated by this industry before releasing it into the environment. Although the field of textile wastewater treatment has made tremendous progress, the developed treatment methods should be improved further to make them economically viable and friendly. In this review, characteristics of textile wastewater are introduced. We have primarily focused on the environmental impact and toxicity of textile wastewater. Toxic and harmful contaminants must be removed from textile wastewater to reduce the extent of environmental pollution caused when textile wastewater is released into rivers or reused. Hence, various techniques that are used to treat textile wastewater are discussed. Finally, the challenges faced, and prospects of the methods have been discussed in detail.

Understanding how coastal landscape features influence stress recovery can provide valuable insights for designing healthier urban environments. This study aims to evaluate the psychological and physiological restorative effects of four types of coastal landscape features—coastal walkway, coastal mountain park, coastal plaza, and coastal beach—using immersive virtual reality simulations. 44 university students participated in a laboratory experiment involving subjective evaluations, heart rate variability, and electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements. The results demonstrated that virtual images of coastal landscape features alleviate mood disturbances and enhance perceived recovery. Specifically, autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses showed significant improvement: low-frequency to high-frequency ratio decreased by 8.47–20.20%, root mean square of successive differences increased by 8.41–27.83%, and the standard deviation of heart intervals increased by 13.05–25.07%. EEG findings further revealed reduced brain energy consumption, with total power decreasing by 0.83–9.10% and α relative power increasing by 2.76–28.51%. The virtual images of coastal walkway demonstrated the strongest restorative effect, especially in promoting optimal neural avalanche activity (12.70–18.17% improvement). Correlation analysis indicated a strong relationship between ANS and brain responses. Notably, this study innovatively introduced neural avalanche parameters to assess brain criticality states, offering a novel approach to evaluating environmental restoration. These findings contribute to environmental psychology by offering scientific evidence for optimizing coastal landscape design to support mental health and stress regulation.

Through the analysis of hot oil carrying theory, the problem of oil film heat accumulation in hydrostatic bearing can be revealed, so as to avoid serious lubrication failure caused by heat accumulation. In this paper, the hot oil carrying factor is defined and the mathematical model of the thermal oil carrying characteristics of the oil film is established by taking the beveled double rectangular oil pad hydrostatic bearing as the object, and the hot oil carrying law under different working conditions is obtained by changing the inclination angle of the beveled oil pad at 0.0230°, 0.0250° and 0.0280°, respectively. Theoretical calculations and simulation studies show that within the range of the circumferential inclination of the oil pad with better dynamic pressure effect of the bearing, the inclination has little effect on the oil film hot oil carrying. When the speed of the workbench is lower than 10r/min, no oil film hot oil carrying phenomenon occurs. When the speed is in the range of 10r/min-100r/min, a part of the load will cause the phenomenon of oil film hot oil carrying. And when the speed exceeds 100r/min, the heat accumulation of the oil film is the most serious at this time. There are many reasons for the lubrication failure of hydrostatic bearings, and hot oil carrying is a new research direction, this paper starts from the oil film heating mechanism of beveled oil pads hydrostatic bearings, and describes the phenomenon of hot oil carrying.

The integrated modulation of radiation and scattering provides an unprecedented opportunity to reduce the number of electromagnetic (EM) apertures in the platform while simultaneously enhancing communication and stealth performance. Nevertheless, achieving full‐polarization, arbitrary amplitude, and phase modulation of radiation scattering remains a challenge. In this paper, a strategy that realizes space‐time coding of radiation scattering within the same frequency band, which enables the simultaneous and independent modulation of amplitude and phase, is proposed. To address the limitations of the high sideband levels (SBLs) of conventional space‐time‐coding metasurfaces, a strategy comprising nonuniform modulation periods and stochastic coding is proposed. Consequently, beam scanning with ultra‐low sidelobe levels (SLLs) and suppressed SBLs is achieved in the radiation mode (RM). In scattering mode (SM), in‐band low scattering characteristics are achieved within the same operating frequency band as RM. A prototype of a space‐time‐coding radiation‐scattering metasurface (STCRSM) is fabricated and the aforementioned functionalities are validated by measurements. Furthermore, the proposed strategy does not necessitate the utilization of optimization algorithms and exhibits low SLLs and low SBLs, which will make it flourish in RF stealth applications, such as covert communication systems. A novel strategy for integrating radiation and scattering is proposed. The simultaneous and independent modulation of amplitude and phase is achieved by employing space‐time coding of joint amplitude and phase of radiation scattering. Hence, beam scanning with ultra‐low sidelobe and in‐band ultra‐low scattering characteristics are realized. Furthermore, the proposed strategy of stochastic coding and nonuniform modulation enables ultra‐low sideband levels.

A constant supply of novel ideas and contributions from all economic sectors is required to further the sustainable development of cities. Therefore, there is a growing need for well-educated graduates to enter metropolitan job markets. As urban environments and culture have been shown to affect a graduates’ eventual carrier choice and trajectory, governments often seek to change their local environments to attract graduates who can help efficiently allocate and utilize a city’s often-limited environmental budgets. In this study, the conjoint analysis (CA) method was employed to explore the effects of four environmental attributes (water pollution, air pollution, littering, and green area) on graduate employment preferences in northeast China. Water pollution was shown to have the greatest effect on graduate preferences (43.6%), followed by air pollution (34.1%), littering (20.7%), and green area (1.6%). According to this ranking of importance, cities could improve their environmental attributes to maximize the attraction of Northeast graduates. Moreover, this study applied the Baidu index (a big data sharing platform) to improve the attribute selection process of the CA method. The improvement reduced the cost of the CA method and enhanced its objectivity.

A combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system is a complex and repairable system containing a large number of components and series of subsystems. When a failure occurs in one component, it might cause a failure of a subsystem or whole system. Traditional maintenance methods might lead to the waste of maintenance resources and a high cost of maintenance. The reliability and maintenance prioritization analyses can help managers optimize maintenance strategies and reduce the total cost. A reliability importance index is one of the factors in maintenance prioritization analysis. This paper aims at selecting the component reliability importance indices to identify the priority of component maintenance of a CCHP system from the perspective of maintenance cost. Failure cost importance index (FCI) and Potential failure cost importance index (PI) are developed for the maintenance prioritization analysis of a CCHP system. A Markov model based on the state–space method (SSM) is used to analyze the reliability and availability of a CCHP system. A set of actual survey reliability data of CCHP systems is used to support the validity of the reliability importance indices. The results indicate that the FCI and PI might lead to different rankings of maintenance prioritization. The FCI and PI will help managers make a reasonable decision for maintenance on a cost basis.

City shrinkage, as an ongoing worldwide phenomenon, is an issue for urban planning and regional development. City shrinkage is remarkable in Japan, with over 85% of municipalities experiencing population loss from 2005 to 2015. As Japan’s society ages and with its low fertility rate, city shrinkage has had a tremendous negative effect on economic development and urban planning. Understanding the spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity of city shrinkage and its determinants is essential for ensuring the sustainable development of a city or region. In this study, a semiparametric geographically weighted regression (SGWR) model was adopted to explore the spatiotemporal differences in determinants of city shrinkage. The results reveal that the SGWR model incorporating the global and local variables is more interpretive compared to ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression models in exploring the correlates of city shrinkage. We found the spatial dependence and heterogeneity of shrinking cities resulted from demographic, economy, and social factors, and revealed low fertility, the ageing population, and enterprise change ratio influenced city shrinkage in different regions at different times in Japan, whereas foreign population ratio, industry structure, and social welfare had global impacts. The findings provide useful information for understanding city shrinkage at global and local scales.

Pain and depressive mood disorders during cesarean sections negatively impact both mothers and infants. Studies have shown that hydromorphone has positive effects on both pain management and depressive mood disorders. This study examines how hydromorphone influences postoperative pain and depressive disorders in parturients undergoing cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia. This single-center, controlled, randomized trial involved 130 patients. Parturients in the intervention (H) group received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with hydromorphone combined with sufentanil, while those in the control (S) group received sufentanil alone. All cesarean sections were performed under spinal anesthesia. Postoperative pain scores at rest and during movement were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 4 h (T0), 8 h (T1), 12 h (T2), 24 h (T3), and 48 h (T4) postoperatively. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were utilized to measure depressive and anxiety disorders at 3 days and 6 weeks postoperatively. Adverse reactions were also recorded. The H group had significantly lower resting VAS scores at all postoperative time points (  = 0.008) and significantly lower movement VAS scores (  < 0.001) compared to the S group. At 3 days postoperatively, BDI scores showed no statistically meaningful variations (  = 0.057) or BAI scores (  = 0.444) between the two group. However, at 6 weeks postoperatively, the H group had significantly lower BDI scores (  = 0.001) and BAI scores (  = 0.012). No statistically significant differences in operative time were observed between the groups. (  = 0.086), time to first ambulation (  = 0.092), sleep quality scores (  = 0.132), or adverse reactions, including chills (  > 0.999), pruritus (  = 0.109), nausea and vomiting (  = 0.718), respiratory depression (  = 0.619), or dizziness (  = 0.619). The synergistic use of hydromorphone and sufentanil in PCIA provides superior analgesia for postoperative pain and decreases postoperative depression and anxiety scores in parturients undergoing cesarean sections.

An attractive way to prepare W/TaC based cermet at a relatively low temperature was proposed and confirmed experimentally. The thermodynamics calculations indicated that the reaction between WC and Ta 2 O 5 was feasible at as low a temperature as 1 400 °C. The experimental results showed that W/TaC cermet could be fabricated by in-situ reaction sintering process at 1400 °C for 2 h in vacuum. The open porosity and bulk density of the W/TaC cermet were 15.3% and 13.4 g/cm 3 . Further, the microstructural features revealed that W, TaC, and Ta 2 WO 8 were identified to be the main constituents of the W/TaC cermet. The mass lose rate and linear recession rate of the W/TaC cermet during an oxyacetylene torch test were 0.0048 g/s and 0.0233 mm/s, respectively. The high porosity, the presence of Ta 2 WO 8 phases within W/TaC and evaporation of WO 3 on the surface of the composite contributed to the decrease of ablative property when comparing with pure W.