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Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.] is a fast-growing species widely utilized in construction, industrial raw materials. Owing to its broad application scope, research on Chinese fir is fragmented across multiple disciplines, making it difficult to grasp the overall research context and trends. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we retrieved articles related to Chinese fir published between 1942 and 2024 from Chinese databases (i.e., CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP Chinese Journal Database) and the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). After removing duplicate and irrelevant records, a total of 7174 valid records were retained, including 5862 from Chinese databases and 1312 from WOSCC. The PRISMA-screened literature was imported into CiteSpace V.6.2.R4 for bibliometric analysis. Through keyword clustering, burst detection, and timeline mapping, we focused on analyzing the domestic resource distribution, research hotspots, and evolutionary trends of Chinese fir research. The results showed that research publications on Chinese fir have increased year by year, and international research started earlier and is more in-depth, while Chinese research covers a wider scope. Both follow two stages (germination and growth). Chinese research focuses on basic application areas such as seedling cultivation and plantation management; international research emphasizes ecological functions and biomass development. Global research exhibits convergence in the field of eco-environmental interactions; specifically, both domestic and international studies investigate the impacts of climate change (e.g., drought and global warming) and nitrogen deposition on the growth and functional evolution of Chinese fir. This study provides references for researchers, forestry policymakers, and planters.

Background ABO blood group incompatibility, neonatal sepsis, G-6-PD deficiency, thyroid dysfunction, and hereditary spherocytosis are all probable causes of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. However, the etiology of some hyperbilirubinemia is extremely complicated, which may be caused by multiple factors, resulting in severe jaundice. We report a case of severe jaundice due to three causes, showing the significance for the investigation of the etiology of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Case presentation At 96 h of life, a full-term and vaginal delivery male infant with yellowish discoloration of body was transferred to our hospital. When he entered neonatal intensive care unit on the fourth day after birth, he developed jaundice and the transcutaneous bilirubin was 28 mg/dl. Total bilirubin was 540.2 μmol/L, while the indirect bilirubin was 516.7 μmol/L. Both parents and the baby’s blood types were O Rh(D +), and direct coomb’s test was negative. But mother’s indirect coomb’s test was positive. Investigating for minor blood group revealed that the father’s blood type of Rh was CCDee, the mather’s was ccDEE, and CcDEe for the baby. After intensive phototherapy and double volume exchange transfusion, the total bilirubin remained at 303 μmol/L. At day 10, the bilirubin level was 303.5 μmol/L, intensive phototherapy was continued, and intravenous immunoglobulin was used again. The test for thyroid hormones at day 10, the TSH was 13.334mIU/L. And the screening for congenital hypothyroidism showed the TSH was 33mIU/L. Because of the palpable abdominal mass, ultrasound and MRI was done, showed a huge mass in the right adrenal gland. Brainstem auditory evoked potential was performed at day 7, which indicated hearing impairment (65db for left ear and 70db for the right). Euthyrox and intermittent phototherapy were given as following treatment. The jaundice did not subside until the 12th day. Conclusion Even if their parents' ABO blood group and Rh (d) are consistent, a Coomb test is required for newborns with hyperbilirubinemia since they may have minor blood group incompatibilities. When bilirubin rises rapidly or the clinical treatment effect is inadequate, additional causes should be aggressively screened. Adrenal ultrasound should be performed on newborns with palpable abdominal mass, anemia and jaundice to determine whether there is adrenal hemorrhage.

The tropical plant Plumbago auriculata can tolerate subzero temperatures without induction of apoptosis after cold acclimation in autumn, making it more cold tolerant than conventional tropical plants. In this study, we found that low temperatures significantly affected the photosynthetic system of P. auriculata . Using transcriptome sequencing, PaDREB1A was identified as a key transcription factor involved in the response to cold stress in P. auriculata . This transcription factor may be regulated by upstream JA signaling and regulates downstream ERD4 and ERD7 expression to resist cold stress. Overexpression of PaDREB1A significantly enhanced freezing resistance, protected the photosynthetic system, and enhanced the ROS scavenging mechanism under cold stress in Arabidopsis thaliana . Additionally, PaDREB1A significantly enhanced the expression of CORs and CAT1 in A. thaliana , which further activated the downstream pathway to enhance plant cold tolerance. This study explored the possible different regulatory modes of CBFs in tropical plants and can serve as an important reference for the introduction of tropical plants to low-temperature regions.

Under salt stress, recretohalophyte Plumbago auriculata tetraploids enhance salt tolerance by increasing selective secretion of Na + compared with that in diploids, although the mechanism is unclear. Using non-invasive micro-test technology, the effect of salt gland Ca 2+ content on Na + and K + secretion were investigated in diploid and tetraploid P. auriculata under salt stress. Salt gland Ca 2+ content and secretion rates of Na + and K + were higher in tetraploids than in diploids under salt stress. Addition of exogenous Ca 2+ increased the Ca 2+ content of the salt gland in diploids and is accompanied by an increase in the rate of Na + and K + secretion. With addition of a Ca 2+ channel inhibitor, diploid salt glands retained large amounts of Ca 2+ , leading to higher Ca 2+ content and Na + secretion rate than those of tetraploids. Inhibiting H 2 O 2 generation and H + -ATPase activity altered Na + and K + secretion rates in diploids and tetraploids under salt stress, indicating involvement in regulating Na + and K + secretion. Our results indicate that the increased Na + secretion rate of salt gland in tetraploids under salt stress was associated with elevated Ca 2+ content in salt gland.

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction is a common complication in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Elevated serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality. However, its association with vascular access outcomes remains elusive. The present study evaluated the relationship of serum FGF21 levels with AVF dysfunction and all-cause mortality in patients undergoing MHD. We included patients undergoing MHD using AVF from January 2018 to December 2019. FGF21 concentration was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were followed up to record two clinical outcomes, AVF functional patency loss and all-cause mortality. The follow-up period ended on April 30, 2022. Among 147 patients, the mean age was 58.49 ± 14.41 years, and the median serum level of FGF21 was 150.15 (70.57-318.01) pg/mL. During the median follow-up period of 40.83 months, the serum level of FGF21 was an independent risk factor for AVF functional patency loss (per 1 pg/mL increase, HR 1.002 [95% CI: 1.001-1.003,  = 0.003]). Patients with higher serum levels of FGF21 were more likely to suffer from all-cause mortality (per 1 pg/mL increase, HR 1.002 [95% CI: 1.000-1.003,  = 0.014]). The optimal cutoffs for FGF21 to predict AVF functional patency loss and all-cause mortality in patients undergoing MHD were 149.98 pg/mL and 146.43 pg/mL, with AUCs of 0.701 (95% CI: 0.606-0.796,  < 0.001) and 0.677 (95% CI: 0.595-0.752,  = 0.002), respectively. Serum FGF21 levels were an independent risk factor and predictor for AVF functional patency loss and all-cause mortality in patients undergoing MHD.

To systematically understand the research landscape, geographical distribution, and resource variability of Idesia polycarpa Maxim., we integrated bibliometric analysis with empirical phenotype assessments. We analysed 82 articles from the Web of Science Core Collection (1962–2024) and 155 core Chinese publications from CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases (1981–2024) using CiteSpace. Concurrently, we mapped the species’ distribution across China based on the Flora of China and related literature, and measured key phenotypic traits in fruits of four distinct colours from a single variety. I. polycarpa is primarily distributed across 19 provinces in southern China. Significant phenotypic differences ( P  < 0.05) were found among the differently coloured fruits, providing direct trait-based evidence for understanding resource variation and guiding bioactive component research. International publications emerged earlier, showing three growth phases: slow (1966–2004), rapid (2005–2019), and stable (2020–2024). Domestic literature exhibited two phases: slow (1966–2005) and rapid growth (2006–2024). Research hotspots internationally focused on bioactive substance applications, with resource studies as an emerging trend, whereas domestic research initially emphasized resources, with bioactive compounds becoming a growing focus. This study offers a comprehensive resource distribution map and clarifies evolving research priorities, serving as a valuable reference for guiding future research directions and informing policy decisions.

Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-1 Family, is a key mediator ofautoinflammatory diseases associated with the development of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS).High levels of IL-18 correlate with MAS and COVID-19 severity and mortality, particularly in COVID-19patients with MAS. As an inflammation inducer, IL-18 binds its receptor IL-1 Receptor 5 (IL-1R5), leadingto the recruitment of the co-receptor, IL-1 Receptor 7 (IL-1R7). This heterotrimeric complex subsequentlyinitiates downstream signaling, resulting in local and systemic inflammation. We reported earlier the development of a novel humanized monoclonal anti-human IL-1R7 antibody whichspecifically blocks the activity of human IL-18 and its inflammatory signaling in human cell and wholeblood cultures. In the current study, we further explored the strategy of blocking IL-1R7 inhyperinflammation in vivo using animal models. We first identified an anti-mouse IL-1R7 antibody that significantly suppressed mouse IL-18 andlipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IFNg production in mouse splenocyte and peritoneal cell cultures. Whenapplied in vivo, the antibody reduced Propionibacterium acnes and LPS-induced liver injury and protectedmice from tissue and systemic hyperinflammation. Importantly, anti-IL-1R7 significantly inhibited plasma,liver cell and spleen cell IFNg production. Also, anti-IL-1R7 downregulated plasma TNFa, IL-6, IL-1b,MIP-2 production and the production of the liver enzyme ALT. In parallel, anti-IL-1R7 suppressed LPSinducedinflammatory cell infiltration in lungs and inhibited the subsequent IFNg production andinflammation in mice when assessed using an acute lung injury model. Altogether, our data suggest that blocking IL-1R7 represents a potential therapeutic strategy to specificallymodulate IL-18-mediated hyperinflammation, warranting further investigation of its clinical application intreating IL-18-mediated diseases, including MAS and COVID-19.

Illicium verum Hook. f. is a globally significant spice, which is recognized in China as a food-medicine homolog and extensively utilized across the pharmaceutical, food, and spice industries. China boasts the world’s leading resources of I. verum, yet its comprehensive utilization remains relatively underexplored. Through a resource survey of I. verum and the application of bibliometric visualization using CiteSpace, this study analyzed 324 papers published in the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) from 1962 to 2023 and 353 core documents from China’s three major databases (CNKI, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database). I. verum from Guangxi province towards various southern provinces in China, with autumn fruits exhibited superior quality and market value over their spring fruits. Literature in WOSCC emerged earlier, with a research emphasis on food science technology and pharmacology pharmacy domains. WOSCC research on I. verum could be divided into two phases: an embryonic period (1962–2001) and a growth period (2002–2023), showing an overall upward trend in publication. The three major Chinese databases contain a larger number of publications, with a focus on the food sector, which could be categorized into three stages: an embryonic period (1990–1999), a growth period (2000–2010), and a stable period (2011–2023), with an overall downward trend in publication. Both Chinese and international research hotspots converge on the medical applications of I. verum, with antioxidant bioactivity research emerging as a prevailing trend. This study delineated the resource distribution of I. verum across China and identified the research hotspots and trends both in China and internationally. The findings are beneficial for guiding researchers in swiftly establishing their research focus and furnishing decision-makers with a comprehensive reference for industry information.

Background Congenital ectopia lentis (EL) refers to the congenital dysplasia or weakness of the lens suspensory ligament, resulting in an abnormal position of the crystalline lens, which can appear as isolated EL or as an ocular manifestation of a syndrome, such as the Marfan syndrome. The fibrillin‐1 protein encoded by the FBN1 gene is an essential component of the lens zonules. Mutations in FBN1 are the leading causes of congenital EL and Marfan syndrome. Owing to the complexity and individual heterogeneity of FBN1 gene mutations, the correlation between FBN1 mutation characteristics and various clinical phenotypes remains unclear. Methods This study describes the clinical characteristics and identifies possible causative genes in eight families with Marfan syndrome or isolated EL using Sanger and whole‐exome sequencing. Results Eight FBN1 mutations were identified in these families, of which three (c.5065G > C, c.1600 T > A, and c.2210G > C) are reported for the first time. Based on in silico analyses, we hypothesized that these mutations may be pathogenic by affecting the fibrillin‐1 protein structure and function. Conclusion These findings expand the number of known mutations involved in EL and provide a reference for the research on their genotype and phenotype associations. This study describes the clinical characteristics and identifies possible causative genes in eight families with Marfan syndrome or isolated EL using Sanger and whole‐exome sequencing. Eight FBN1 mutations were identified in these families, of which three were reported for the first time. These findings expand the number of known mutations involved in EL and provide a reference for the research on their genotype and phenotype associations.

Introduction Osteoporosis is one of the important bone abnormalities in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) and still lacks a sensitive biomarker to diagnose. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) can stimulate bone loss in patients with diabetes and increase in CKD patients. In this study, we investigated whether FGF21 could serve as a biomarker to predict osteoporosis in a haemodialysis cohort. Methods We recorded demographic information, biochemical data, and serum FGF21 and FGF23 levels and measured the CT attenuation values of 339 haemodialysis patients from two large medical centres. We assessed the correlation of CT attenuation values with serum FGF21 and FGF23 levels and tested whether they were independent factors for osteoporosis. ROC curves were constructed to compare the prognostic value of FGF21 and FGF23 for osteoporosis. Results Based on the CT attenuation value, serum FGF21 levels were higher in our osteoporosis group (median 640.86 pg/ml vs. 245.46 pg/ml, P ˂ 0.01). Meanwhile, FGF21 ( r = -0.136, P  < 0.05) and FGF23 ( r = -0.151, P  < 0.05) were both negatively associated with osteoporosis. Moreover, FGF21 ( β = -0.067, P  < 0.05) was an independent factor for osteoporosis. Furthermore, FGF21 combined with age yielded a marked specificity (90.5 %) and sensitivity (61.8 %) in predicting osteoporosis of haemodialysis patients with less residual renal function. Conclusions FGF21 has a positive relationship with the incidence of osteoporosis in patients on haemodialysis. FGF21 combined with age is a good predictive biomarker for osteoporosis in patients on haemodialysis, especially those with less residual renal function.