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Herbicides are widely used to control weeds in agriculture filed, however, the excessive use of the conventional formulation causes harmful side effects on the environment. To relieve this problem, natural polymer nanoparticles as herbicide carrier were rapidly developed and applied in recent years. In the present study, chitosan/tripolyphosphate (CS/TPP) nanoparticles were synthesized as nanocarrier to load herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate sodium salt (MCPA-Na). The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 51.32% was obtained through measuring indirectly by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The free and MCPA-Na-loaded CS/TPP nanoparticles were characterized by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The encapsulation of MCPA-Na in CS/TPP nanoparticles resulted in the change of MCPA-Na release profile in different pH media and displayed effective sustained-release under neutral condition. The evaluation of herbicidal activity against Bidens pilosa L. showed that the efficacy enhancement of MCPA-Na was realized after encapsulation in CS/TPP nanoparticles. The proposed herbicide nanoformulation presented a good potential as a sustainable alternative for weed control in agriculture.

Cytoplasmic chromatin activates the innate immunity cytosolic DNA-sensing cGAS–STING pathway, leading both to short-term inflammation to restrain activated oncogenes and to chronic inflammation that associates with tissue destruction and cancer. Tumours feel the sting from chromatin It has been observed that cells undergoing senescence—meaning that they can no longer divide and grow—contain cytoplasmic chromatin fragments. Shelley Berger and colleagues now show that these fragments are sensed by the cGAS–STING pathway, which senses foreign DNA during infection with pathogens. Activation of this pathway leads to an inflammatory phenotype and, in mice, allows the immune system to restrain tumour growth. These findings hint at the possibility that other endogenous sources of DNA may also elicit an inflammatory phenotype and influence various biological processes. Chromatin is traditionally viewed as a nuclear entity that regulates gene expression and silencing 1 , 2 , 3 . However, we recently discovered the presence of cytoplasmic chromatin fragments that pinch off from intact nuclei of primary cells during senescence 4 , 5 , a form of terminal cell-cycle arrest associated with pro-inflammatory responses 6 . The functional significance of chromatin in the cytoplasm is unclear. Here we show that cytoplasmic chromatin activates the innate immunity cytosolic DNA-sensing cGAS–STING (cyclic GMP–AMP synthase linked to stimulator of interferon genes) pathway, leading both to short-term inflammation to restrain activated oncogenes and to chronic inflammation that associates with tissue destruction and cancer. The cytoplasmic chromatin–cGAS–STING pathway promotes the senescence-associated secretory phenotype in primary human cells and in mice. Mice deficient in STING show impaired immuno-surveillance of oncogenic RAS and reduced tissue inflammation upon ionizing radiation. Furthermore, this pathway is activated in cancer cells, and correlates with pro-inflammatory gene expression in human cancers. Overall, our findings indicate that genomic DNA serves as a reservoir to initiate a pro-inflammatory pathway in the cytoplasm in senescence and cancer. Targeting the cytoplasmic chromatin-mediated pathway may hold promise in treating inflammation-related disorders.

Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) has been progressively acquiring attractiveness. In this study, the root of Zanthoxylum nitidum was used to synthesize Ag NPs, and its pre-emergence herbicidal activity was tested. The synthesized Ag NPs by the aqueous extract from Z. nitidum were characterized by visual inspection, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The plant-mediated synthesis was completed within 180 min and the Ag NPs exhibited a characteristic peak at around 445 nm. The results of the DLS measurement showed that the average hydrodynamic diameter was 96 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.232. XRD results indicated the crystalline nature of the phytogenic Ag NPs. A TEM analysis revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical with an average particle size of 17 nm. An EDX spectrum confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal. Furthermore, the Ag NPs exhibited a herbicidal potential against the seed germination and seedling growth of Bidens Pilosa L. The present work indicates that Ag NPs synthesized by plant extract could have potential for the development of a new nanoherbicide for weed prevention and control.

Niobic acid (Nb 2 O 5 ·nH 2 O) was immobilized on regenerated cellulose (Re-Cellulose) to afford a heterogeneous catalyst, termed Nb 2 O 5 ·nH 2 O@Re-Cellulose, that was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, microscopy (SEM and TEM) and spectroscopic (Raman and FTIR) techniques. The surface acidity of the catalyst was determined using FTIR spectroscopy employing pyridine as a molecular probe. The Nb 2 O 5 ·nH 2 O@Re-Cellulose catalyst was investigated in the conversion of glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in aqueous media. The catalyst can be reused several times without undergoing a significant loss in activity. Graphic Abstract

Undergraduate students, as the core group in higher education teaching activities, the sense of learning gain is an important manifestation of the education work in universities. Based on this, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the learning experience of undergraduate students in a certain university in Beijing from six dimensions: learning engagement, classroom experience, learning methods, teacher influence on students’ learning, school support for students’ learning, and sense of learning gain. And based on survey data, we will focus on exploring the influencing factors that affect students’ sense of learning gain, in order to provide reference for universities to identify the path to improve students’ sense of learning gain, and to achieve high-quality development of higher education.

Data security compliance management is the fundamental premise that data application does not infringe on the interests of countries, enterprises and individuals. It is an important foundation for realizing the driving role of data elements. Based on the data security compliance management practices of typical enterprises at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the excellent practices of leading demonstration enterprises, and proposes six key strategies for enterprise data security compliance, including classification of typical data application scenarios, analysis of key links of data security compliance application, formulation of data security compliance application management system and standards, optimization of data security compliance application process mechanism, formulation of whole-process management measures of data security compliance, and improvement of data security compliance guarantee mechanism, as to provide references for the research and construction of enterprise data security compliance management system.

Data quality management includes both theory and technology, as well as practice and management. Through data quality management, enterprises can obtain high-quality data, which is an important prerequisite for developing data products, providing data services, and realizing the value of data. It is also the core goal of enterprise data governance. This article first reviews and compares the relevant theories of data quality management; Then summarize the data quality practices carried out by typical case enterprises; Finally, based on the theory and practical cases of data quality management, valuable experiences for data quality management are proposed, and prospects for data quality management are presented.

Niobic acid (Nb.sub.2O.sub.5·nH.sub.2O) was immobilized on regenerated cellulose (Re-Cellulose) to afford a heterogeneous catalyst, termed Nb.sub.2O.sub.5·nH.sub.2O@Re-Cellulose, that was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, microscopy (SEM and TEM) and spectroscopic (Raman and FTIR) techniques. The surface acidity of the catalyst was determined using FTIR spectroscopy employing pyridine as a molecular probe. The Nb.sub.2O.sub.5·nH.sub.2O@Re-Cellulose catalyst was investigated in the conversion of glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in aqueous media. The catalyst can be reused several times without undergoing a significant loss in activity.

Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) has been progressively acquiring attractiveness. In this study, the root of Zanthoxylum nitidum was used to synthesize Ag NPs, and its pre-emergence herbicidal activity was tested. The synthesized Ag NPs by the aqueous extract from Z. nitidum were characterized by visual inspection, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The plant-mediated synthesis was completed within 180 min and the Ag NPs exhibited a characteristic peak at around 445 nm. The results of the DLS measurement showed that the average hydrodynamic diameter was 96 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.232. XRD results indicated the crystalline nature of the phytogenic Ag NPs. A TEM analysis revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical with an average particle size of 17 nm. An EDX spectrum confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal. Furthermore, the Ag NPs exhibited a herbicidal potential against the seed germination and seedling growth of Bidens Pilosa L. The present work indicates that Ag NPs synthesized by plant extract could have potential for the development of a new nanoherbicide for weed prevention and control.

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is an aggressive, pediatric bone tumor characterized by extensive destruction of the surrounding bone. Although first described over 60 years ago, its molecular etiology remains poorly understood. Recent work revealed that ABCs harbor translocation of TRE17 / USP6 , leading to its transcriptional upregulation. TRE17 encodes a ubiquitin-specific protease (USP), and a TBC domain that mediates binding to the Arf6 GTPase. However, the mechanisms by which TRE17 overexpression contributes to tumor pathogenesis, and the role of its USP and TBC domains, are unknown. ABCs are characterized by osteolysis, inflammatory recruitment and extensive vascularization, the processes in which matrix proteases have a prominent role. This led us to explore whether TRE17 regulates the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study we show that TRE17 is sufficient to induce expression of MMP-9 and MMP-10, in a manner requiring its USP activity, but not its ability to bind Arf6. TRE17 induces transcription of MMP-9 through activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mediated in part by the GTPase RhoA and its effector kinase, ROCK. Furthermore, xenograft studies show that TRE17 induces formation of tumors that reproduce multiple features of ABC, including a high degree of vascularization, with an essential role for the USP domain. In sum, these studies reveal that TRE17 is sufficient to initiate tumorigenesis, identify MMPs as novel TRE17 effectors that likely contribute to ABC pathogenesis and define the underlying signaling mechanism of their induction.