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The effectiveness of open-domain dialogue systems depends heavily on emotion. In dialogue systems, previous models primarily detected emotions by looking for emotional words embedded in sentences. However, they did not precisely quantify the association of all words with emotions, which has led to a certain bias. To overcome this issue, we propose an emotion tendency perception model. The model uses an emotion encoder to accurately quantify the emotional tendencies of all words. Meanwhile, it uses a shared fusion decoder to equip the decoder with the sentiment and semantic capabilities of the encoder. We conducted extensive evaluations on Empathetic Dialogue. Experimental results demonstrate its efficacy. Compared with the state of the art, our approach has distinctive advantages.

This study presents a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method for the classification and recognition of breast cancer pathology images. It aims to solve the problems existing in traditional pathological tissue analysis methods, such as time-consuming and labour-intensive, and possible misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. Using the idea of ensemble learning, the image is divided into four equal parts and sixteen equal parts for data augmentation. Then, using the Inception-ResNet V2 neural network model and transfer learning technology, features are extracted from pathological images, and a three-layer fully connected neural network is constructed for feature classification. In the recognition process of pathological image categories, the network first recognises each sub-image, and then sums and averages the recognition results of each sub-image to finally obtain the classification result. The experiment uses the BreaKHis dataset, which is a breast cancer pathological image classification dataset. It contains 7,909 images from 82 patients and covers benign and malignant lesion types. We randomly select 80% of the data as the training set and 20% as the test set and compare them with the Inception-ResNet V2, ResNet101, DenseNet169, MobileNetV3 and EfficientNetV2 models. Experimental results show that under the four magnifications of the BreaKHis dataset, the method used in this study achieves the highest accuracy rates of 99.75%, 98.31%, 98.51% and 96.69%, which are much higher than other models.

Superselective adrenal arterial embolization (SAAE) appears to be beneficial in primary aldosteronism (PA) patients with lateralized aldosterone secretion (unilateral PA). As confirmed by adrenal vein sampling (AVS), nearly 40% of PA patients would be PA without lateralized aldosterone secretion (bilateral PA). We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of SAAE on bilateral PA. We identified 171 bilateral PA patients from 503 PA patients who completed AVS. Thirty-eight bilateral PA patients received SAAE, and 31 completed a median 12-month clinical follow-up. The blood pressure and biochemical improvements of these patients were carefully analyzed. 34% of patients were identified as bilateral PA. Plasma aldosterone concentration, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR) were significantly improved 24-h after SAAE. SAAE was associated with 38.7% and 58.6% of complete/partial clinical and biochemical success within a median 12-month follow-up. A significant reduction in left ventricular hypertrophy was shown in patients who obtained complete biochemical success compared with partial/absent biochemical success. SAAE was associated with a more apparent nighttime blood pressure reduction than daytime blood pressure reduction in patients with complete biochemical success. No major adverse safety events related to SAAE were reported during the intraoperative, postoperative, and follow-up periods. SAAE was associated with blood pressure and biochemical improvements in part of bilateral PA and appeared safe. The biochemistry success was accompanied by improved cardiac remodeling and a more prominent decrease in nocturnal blood pressure. This study was part of a trial registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, number ChiCTR2100047689.

Due to its unique intensity distribution, self-acceleration, and beam self-healing properties, Airy beam holds great potential for optical wireless communications in challenging channels, such as underwater environments. As a vital part of 6G wireless network, the Internet of Underwater Things requires high-stability, low-latency, and high-capacity underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). Currently, the primary challenge of UWOC lies in the prevalent time-varying and complex channel characteristics. Conventional blue Gaussian beam-based systems face difficulties in underwater randomly perturbed links. In this work, we report a full-color circular auto-focusing Airy beams metasurface transmitter for reliable, large-capacity and long-distance UWOC links. The metasurface is designed to exhibits high polarization conversion efficiency over a wide band (440-640 nm), enabling an increased data transmission rate of 91% and reliable 4 K video transmission in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) based UWOC data link. The successful application of this metasurface in challenging UWOC links establishes a foundation for underwater interconnection scenarios in 6G communication. Authors present an adaptive underwater optical communication (UWOC) technology based on multi-wavelength lasers and a full-color metasurface for converting visible-band Gaussian to circular autofocusing Airy beams. The potential of Airy beams to mitigate optical power degradation is demonstrated, enabling stable data rate transmission via 4 K video transmission for these systems.

Inner wall temperature of ladle is closely related to the quality of steelmaking and control of steel-making tapping temperature. This article adopts a rotating platform to drive an infrared temperature sensor and a laser sensor to scan the temperature field distribution of the ladle inner wall at the hot repair station, where the scanning laser sensor obtains coordinates of each measured point. Because of measuring errors of infrared thermal radiation caused by emissivity uncertainty of the ladle inner wall surface, this article proposes a method for temperature measurement based on Monte Carlo model for effective emissivity correction of each measured point. In the model, we consider the ladle and fire baffle as a cavity. By calculation of the model, the effect of distance from the fire baffle to the ladle and the material surface emissivity of the ladle inner wall on the effective emissivity of the cavity are obtained. After that, the effective emissivity of each measured point is determined. Then the scanning temperature of each measured point is corrected to real temperature. By field measuring test and verification contrast, the results show that: the maximum absolute error of the method in this article is 4.7 °C, the minimum error is 0.6 °C, and the average error is less than 2.8 °C. The method in this article achieves high measurement accuracy and contributes to the control of metallurgical process based on temperature information.

We report the first detection of γ-ray emission from the young radio galaxy JVAS J1311+1658, classified as a compact symmetric object (CSO). This detection is characterized by a recent GeV γ-ray flare identified in Fermi-Large Area Telescope data during MJD 60032.6–60132.6, with a γ-ray source detected at a significance level of ∼6.2σ. The average 0.1–300 GeV flux is measured to be (1.6 ± 0.6) × 10−8 ph cm−2 s−1, with a photon spectral index of Γ = 2.15 ± 0.185. We find that a radiative model of the radio lobes significantly underestimates the observed γ-ray emission. The strong flux and short-term variability over ∼100 days suggest that the emission likely originates from newly launched subkiloparsec-scale jets at the core. This detection provides a unique window into the extreme environments and early-stage jet activity of young radio galaxies, offering insights into their initial evolution and the formation of relativistic jets in the earliest phases of galaxy growth.

Broadband achromatic metalenses and metalens arrays hold promise for enabling high-performance optical imaging in a compact form factor. Conventional visible-light achromatic metalenses are composed of transparent and high-refractive-index TiO 2 or GaN nanopillars, but are strongly limited in mainstream silicon-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes. Herein, we report the realization of high-efficiency Si 3 N 4 achromatic metalenses in the visible range and demonstrate their integration onto a commercial imaging chip. By improving nanofabrication techniques, we have dramatically increased the aspect ratio of Si 3 N 4 nanostructures from ~17 to a high value of 43.33. Consequently, the group delay of the Si 3 N 4 nanostructures is significantly increased and the averaged focusing efficiency of a Si 3 N 4 metalens with a numerical aperture of 0.155 reaches 80.39%. Owing to the CMOS-compatibility of Si 3 N 4 , such high-quality metalenses have been integrated with commercial imaging sensors and demonstrated the capability of full-color optical imaging. This research paves a critical step towards chip-integrated meta-devices. Broadband achromatic metalenses hold promise for enabling high-performance optical imaging in a compact form factor. Here, the authors report the realization of high-efficiency Si3N4 achromatic metalenses in the visible range and demonstrate their integration onto a commercial imaging chip.

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a major contributor to the global burden of low back pain. Yaobitong (YBT) capsules are a commercial Chinese polyherbal preparation that has been widely used to treat LDH. However, its efficacy and safety require comprehensive evaluation. A comprehensive search was conducted across eight databases, retrieving literature from the inception of each database up to 31 October 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating YBT alone or in combination with standard pharmacological therapy were included. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses explored outcome stability. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Egger's test, and Begg's rank correlation test. Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) tool, and evidence certainty was graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and R software. Seventeen RCTs involving 1,752 patients with LDH were included. Compared with standard pharmacological therapy, YBT capsules significantly improved VAS (MD = -1.37, 95% CI: -1.60 to -1.14), ODI (MD = -5.36, 95% CI: -6.56 to -4.16), and JOA scores (MD = 5.21, 95% CI: 3.66-6.75). Additionally, YBT capsules significantly reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, supporting potential anti-inflammatory effects. Adverse events were mild and less frequent in the YBT capsules group (RR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.18-0.67). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses demonstrated consistent results across varying sample sizes, treatment periods, and regimens, supporting the robustness of the study findings. YBT capsule-based therapy was associated with reduced pain, improved functional outcomes, and suppressed inflammatory responses in LDH, while exhibiting a favorable short-term safety profile. These findings support YBT capsules as a potentially effective adjunct to conventional therapy. However, most trials were small, single-center studies conducted in China. Large-scale, multicenter RCTs with standardized outcomes are needed to confirm long-term safety and clinical utility. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251232067, identifier CRD420251232067.

Supplying exogenous sulfur-rich compounds increases the content of glutathione(GSH) and phytochelatins(PCs) in plant tissues, enabling plants to enhance their cellular defense capacity and/or compartmentalize Cadmium(Cd) into vacuoles. However, the mechanism by which surplus S modulates tolerance to Cd stress in different tissues need further investigation. In the present study, we found that supplementing the tartary buckwheat( Fagopyrum tararicum ) exposed to Cd with surplus S reversed Cd induced adverse effects, and increased Cd concentrations in roots, but decreased in leaves. Further analysis revealed that exogenous S significantly mitigated Cd-induced oxidative stress with the aids of antioxidant enzymes and agents both in leaves and roots, including peroxidase(POD), ascorbate peroxidase(APX), glutathione peroxidase(GPX), glutathione S-transferase(GST), ascorbic acid(AsA), and GSH, but not superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT). The increased Cd uptake in root vacuoles and decreased translocation in leaves of exogenous S treated plants could be ascribed to the increasing Cd binding on cell walls, chelation and vacuolar sequestration with helps of non-protein thiols(NPT), PCs and heavy metal ATPase 3(FtHMA3) in roots, and inhibiting expression of FtHMA2 , a transporter that helps Cd translocation from roots to shoots. Results provide the fundamental information for the application of exogenous S in reversal of heavy metal stress.

This study investigated whether patients receiving renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs) can undergo reliable screening for primary aldosteronism (PA) without discontinuation of therapy. Consecutive patients with hypertension who underwent PA screening at our hospital between 2016 and 2024 while on RASIs were recruited. Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and direct renin concentration (DRC) were measured at three time points: pre‐washout, post‐washout, and post‐captopril‐challenge test (CCT). Subsequently, the aldosterone‐to‐renin ratio (ARR) was calculated, and PAC, DRC, and ARR were compared across time points. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine optimal diagnostic cutpoints. A total of 412 patients on RASIs, with or without calcium‐channel blockers (CCBs) or α1‐receptor antagonists, were analyzed. Among these, 175 had PA and 237 had essential hypertension (EH). PAC, DRC, and ARR were significantly different between the PA and EH groups across all three time points. Within the PA cohort, PAC (p < 0.001) and ARR (p = 0.016) differed significantly between the pre‐washout and post‐CCT measurements, whereas DRC did not (p = 0.456). The optimal pre‐washout ARR cutpoint of 2.69 demonstrated a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 87.2%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 82.2%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 88.1% for diagnosing PA. These findings indicate that pre‐washout PAC, DRC, and ARR retain high diagnostic performance for PA in patients treated with RASIs, provided that other agents affecting the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system are not co‐administered.