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HighlightsThe latest advancements in Cu-based catalysts for photocatalytic and electrocatalytic CO2 reduction into C2+ products are reported.The relationship between the Cu surfaces and their efficiency in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic CO2 reduction is emphasized.The opportunities and challenges associated with Cu-based materials in the CO2 catalytic reduction applications are presented.Carbon dioxide conversion into valuable products using photocatalysis and electrocatalysis is an effective approach to mitigate global environmental issues and the energy shortages. Among the materials utilized for catalytic reduction of CO2, Cu-based materials are highly advantageous owing to their widespread availability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, Cu-based materials demonstrate interesting abilities in the adsorption and activation of carbon dioxide, allowing the formation of C2+ compounds through C–C coupling process. Herein, the basic principles of photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions (PCO2RR) and electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) and the pathways for the generation C2+ products are introduced. This review categorizes Cu-based materials into different groups including Cu metal, Cu oxides, Cu alloys, and Cu SACs, Cu heterojunctions based on their catalytic applications. The relationship between the Cu surfaces and their efficiency in both PCO2RR and ECO2RR is emphasized. Through a review of recent studies on PCO2RR and ECO2RR using Cu-based catalysts, the focus is on understanding the underlying reasons for the enhanced selectivity toward C2+ products. Finally, the opportunities and challenges associated with Cu-based materials in the CO2 catalytic reduction applications are presented, along with research directions that can guide for the design of highly active and selective Cu-based materials for CO2 reduction processes in the future.

Examining the spatial characteristics and accessibility of cultural facilities, such as art institutions, is crucial for understanding the lifestyles of citizens. With the increasing utilization of multi-source data in geographical studies, new opportunities have arisen for investigating the development of cultural facilities in urban areas. Consequently, this article investigates the spatial dynamics of art institutions in urban development, using Nanjing, a historic city, as a case study. The study obtained a total of 260,392 points of interest data for Nanjing in 2018 and 2022 from the GaoDe map API console. By employing network analysis and the two-step floating catchment area method, the geostatistical findings reveal that the distribution of art institutions in Nanjing has become more balanced over time. For instance, the research indicates that the proportion of residents able to reach art exchange institutions within a 30-min travel time increased from 75% in 2018 to 90% in 2022. However, the distribution of art training institutions remains more concentrated compared to art exchange institutions. Furthermore, the spatial arrangement of art institutions does not entirely align with the distribution of demand points, indicating the potential for further optimization. In conclusion, this study has significant implications for understanding the accessibility, social justice, and urban planning in Nanjing. The government should pay attention to the cultural demands of marginalized communities, promote social justice and cultural inclusiveness by increasing the accessibility of cultural facilities.

Background . Gliomas are primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system. The TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD) family proteins are the ultimate effector molecules of the Hippo pathway. However, their expression and function in gliomas have not been further studied. Methods . This study employed R software as the primary analysis tool. Public databases were used to analyze the expression and prognostic significance of TEADs. Functional enrichment analyses were conducted to determine the functions of the TEADs. We then explored their interaction with tumor‐infiltrating immune cells and immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs). A Cox regression model was used to estimate the prognostic value of the TEADs. Finally, we conducted experiments to confirm TEAD3’s function in vitro. Results . TEAD expression was frequently increased in glioma and other malignant tumors. High TEAD expression was found to be substantially linked with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild type, noncodeletion of 1p/19q, high WHO grade, and poor prognosis in glioma patients. Functional analyses revealed TEAD involvement in cancer cell transcription. The high expression of TEADs was greatly related to the myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T‐cells (Tregs) infiltration. TEADs also showed significant correlations with ICP expression in glioma tissues. The Cox regression model demonstrated significant diagnostic and prognostic efficacy in glioma patients. The reduction in TEAD3 affects tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and immune regulation. RNA sequencing disclosed that TEAD3 regulates immune‐related pathways, including negative regulation of the CTLA4 inhibitory pathway. Higher TEAD3 expression portended shorter overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in patients with gliomas based on clinical samples. Conclusions . TEADs are overexpressed in gliomas and are associated with a poor prognosis. Importantly, this study discovered that TEADs influence the immunological milieu of glioma by modulating genes associated with immune infiltration.

Radiotherapy elicits immune activation, thereby synergistically enhancing systemic tumor control when combined with immunotherapy. Glutaminase (GLS), a key enzyme for glutamine metabolism, has been found to regulate glutamine availability within tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the precise mechanisms through which GLS modulates radiosensitivity and irradiation-induced immune responses in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its clinical value remain to be fully elucidated. We employed bulk RNA-seq and single-cell transcriptomics to explore the role of GLS expression in radiosensitivity and immune infiltration. The bioinformatic results were validated by and experiments. Co-culture assays and flow cytometry were used to validate the impact of GLS expression on CD8 T cell activation and cytotoxicity. Moreover, a GLS-DSBr (double strand break repair) prognostic model was developed using machine learning with data from 2,066 LUAD patients. and experiments demonstrated that GLS silence inhibited DSB repair and promoted ferroptosis, therefore enhancing radiosensitivity. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics revealed the immunomodulatory effects of GLS expression in the TME. Further, Co-culture assays and flow cytometry experiments indicated that silencing GLS in LUAD cells potentiated the activation and cytotoxicity of CD8 T cells in the context of radiotherapy. The GLS-DSBr model demonstrated robust predictive performance for overall survival, as well as the efficacy of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in LUAD. The applicability of GLS-DSBr model was further validated through pan-cancer analysis. In the contexts of radiotherapy, GLS downregulation exerts dual regulatory effects by modulating ferroptosis and remodeling the immune landscapes, particularly enhancing CD8 T cell cytotoxicity. Our work suggests that strategies preferentially targeting GLS in tumor cells may represent promising and translatable therapeutic approaches to promote antitumor efficacy of radiotherapy plus immune checkpoint blockade in LUAD patients. Furthermore, the established GLS-DSBr model serves as a robust predictive tool for prognosis and effects of radiotherapy and immunotherapy, which assists personalized treatment optimization in LUAD.

This study employs the International Patent Classification (IPC) codes, along with advanced data clustering techniques such as K-means, to analyze the development trends, key technological areas, and patent value of Intelligent Media (IM) technology. By applying K-means clustering to the patent data, distinct clusters and trends within the IM technology field are identified. The analysis of IPC codes reveals the evolution of technological areas and their corresponding patent valuation. The study uncovers that the nascent stage of IM technology (IPC codes: H04B, H04N) focuses on multi-channel transmission, encoding signal devices, and electronic communication technology. In the rapid development stage (IPC codes: H04L, H04W, H04N), technologies such as color image component pulse code modulation, wireless radio circuit signal devices, and television cameras thrive. In the stable development stage (IPC codes: H04M, H04B, H04W), cordless telephones, vehicle communication, electromagnetic radiation sensing, and electronic communication technology switching are the main areas of interest. Additionally, the study reveals the international competitive landscape in the IM technology domain, highlighting China and the United States as the main competing countries, with Huawei and Apple as the primary competing companies. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers, industry professionals, and decision-makers in understanding the current state and future prospects of IM technology.

The structure of a cheap and high-efficient electrochemical catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) plays an essential impact in producing updatable hydrogen energy. Herein, we introduce a facile way to synthesize graphene aerogel inlaid with NiCoP nanoparticles (NiCoP-NPs@GA), which used seaweed biomass as precursors through a phosphorization route. In this work, graphene oxide (GO) with thin layer structure and carbon aerogel (CA) skeleton with a three-dimensional (3D) structure were connected in series to form a 3D-graphene aerogel (GA) as a composite material for conductive matrix. In addition, NiCoP nanoparticles (NiCoP-NPs) are uniformly encapsulated in GA nanoflakes, and the particles size can be controlled by the nanopores of the GA nanoflakes. The excellent 3D-GA matrix contains numerous open pores which can effectively circumvent volume expansion and aggregation of the NiCoP-NPs. Compared with NiCoP bulk, the NiCoP-NPs@GA demonstrated the advantages of larger specific surface areas and better HER overpotential function of only 109 m V with an operational density of 10 mA/cm 2 , along with a less Tafel gradient of 63 mV/dec in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 . Our protocol opens a new avenue for synthesis of many transition metal catalytic makings and provides a preliminary research for their potential function in industry.

Intestinal barrier dysfunction is characterized by increased intestinal permeability to lumen endotoxin, showing remarkable predisposition to immune enteropathy, and colorectal cancer tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is associated with this pathological process, while the mechanism remains unknown. In this study, different doses of TNF-α were used for Caco-2 cell treatment. We discovered that miR-21-3p expression was obviously increased by TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. Further study demonstrated that TNF-α could upregulate miR-21-3p expression through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Then, TargetScan and miRWalk miRNA–mRNA interaction prediction online tools were introduced, and metadherin (MTDH) was screened out as a potential target of miR-21-3p. We subsequently found that miR-21-3p could directly target the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of MTDH mRNA and inhibit its expression. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that miR-21-3p could regulate the Wnt signaling pathway by targeting MTDH mRNA, suggesting the effect of miR-21-3p/MTDH/Wnt axis on intestinal barrier dysfunction. Our findings provide a novel potential biomarker and therapeutic target for intestinal barrier dysfunction and related diseases.

Background Recent studies regarding the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) for treating traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been inconsistent. This study conducts a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the safety and efficacy of EPO for TBI patients at various follow-up time points. Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library for RCTs studying EPO in TBI patients published through March 2019. Non-English manuscripts and non-human studies were excluded. The assessed outcomes include mortality, neurological recovery and associated adverse effects. Dichotomous variables are presented as risk ratios (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of seven RCTs involving 1197 TBI patients (611 treated with EPO, 586 treated with placebo) were included in this study. Compared to the placebo arm, treatment with EPO did not improve acute hospital mortality or short-term mortality. However, there was a significant improvement in mid-term (6 months) follow-up survival rates. EPO administration was not associated with neurological function improvement. Regarding adverse effects, EPO treatment did not increase the incidence of thromboembolic events or other associated adverse events. Conclusions This meta-analysis indicates a slight mortality benefit for TBI patients treated with EPO at mid-term follow-up. EPO does not improve in-hospital mortality, nor does it increase adverse events including thrombotic, cardiovascular and other associated complications. Our analysis did not demonstrate a significant beneficial effect of EPO intervention on the recovery of neurological function. Future RCTs are required to further characterize the use of EPO in TBI.

Taking advantage of carbonaceous composite materials in electrocatalysis or photocatalysis is a promising pathway for transforming biomass resources into sustainable energy‐conversion systems. Herein, a carbonaceous composite catalyst based on the monodispersed silver vanadate nanoparticles (Ag3VO4 NPs) modification of biomass‐derived porous carbon (named as AVO/PC) is proposed for ultrasensitive and electrochemical rapid detection of p‐nitrophenol (p‐NP) under acidic condition. The radish‐derived three‐dimensional porous carbonaceous aerogels as supporter subtly introduced in the carbonization process of alkaline activation remarkably promote the physicochemical properties of the biomass‐derived porous carbon (PC), which can provide a favorable internal surface to load Ag3VO4 NPs. Subsequently, this electrochemical behavior of AVO/PC‐modified glassy carbon electrode (AVO/PC/GCE) exhibits high sensitivity (4.95 mA mM−1 cm−2) and a varied linear detection range (1 μmol L−1 ≈ 1 mmol L−1), as well as reproducibility and stability for p‐NP. Besides, the as‐prepared AVO/PC demonstrates the enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance of rhodamine B (RhB), and the photocatalytic rate reaches to 94% in visible light irradiation. The findings should be useful for designing and constructing dual‐purpose carbonaceous composite materials with potential applications in environmental monitoring and contaminant treatment. Monodisperse silver vanadate nanoparticles are supported on carbonaceous based aerogels‐derived porous carbon as a dual‐purpose catalyst for electrochemical detection p‐nitrophenol under acidic condition and photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B. Moreover, this finding should be useful for designing and constructing dual‐purpose carbonaceous composite materials with potential applications in environmental monitoring and contaminant treatment.

Small-Bowel Intussusception in a ChildA 3-year-old boy who had been born prematurely had a 1-day history of intermittent abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Ultrasonography of the right lower abdomen showed a target-sign lesion.