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"Jin, Zhi"
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أصدرت مؤسسة بيت الحكمة للاستثمارات الثقافية، النسخة العربية من السلسلة الموسوعية الأولى من نوعها باللغة العربية \"ثقافة وفنون الخطوط الصينية\" والمترجمة عن اللغة الصينية من إصدار دار نشر هوبي التعليمية بالصين، وتعد سلسلة \"ثقافة وفنون الخطوط الصينية\" المحتوى المعرفي الأكثر شمولا، والأول من نوعه بالعربية عن ثقافة الخط الصيني، الذي هو أحد روافد الثقافة الصينية وأحد فنون الكتابة الممتدة لخمسة آلاف عام، وتشتمل السلسلة الموسوعية على دراسات حول تاريخ الخطوط القديمة وأنواعها وفنون كتابتها، كما تضم المعارف الخاصة بأنواع الخطوط وسماتها وتاريخها، بل وبأدوات الكتابة ومراحل تطورها، وتمثل الخطوط الصينية أحد أبرز عناصر الثقافة الصينية التقليدية، بل وأحد أهم الفنون الصينية التراثية التي كانت ولا تزال سمة أساسية لثقافة الكتابة الصينية على مر العصور، والتي هي جزء لا يتجزأ من تراث البشرية.
BOOK
Aux/IAA Gene Family in Plants: Molecular Structure, Regulation, and Function
Auxin plays a crucial role in the diverse cellular and developmental responses of plants across their lifespan. Plants can quickly sense and respond to changes in auxin levels, and these responses involve several major classes of auxin-responsive genes, including the Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA) family, the auxin response factor (ARF) family, small auxin upregulated RNA (SAUR), and the auxin-responsive Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) family. Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived nuclear proteins comprising several highly conserved domains that are encoded by the auxin early response gene family. These proteins have specific domains that interact with ARFs and inhibit the transcription of genes activated by ARFs. Molecular studies have revealed that Aux/IAA family members can form diverse dimers with ARFs to regulate genes in various ways. Functional analyses of Aux/IAA family members have indicated that they have various roles in plant development, such as root development, shoot growth, and fruit ripening. In this review, recently discovered details regarding the molecular characteristics, regulation, and protein–protein interactions of the Aux/IAA proteins are discussed. These details provide new insights into the molecular basis of the Aux/IAA protein functions in plant developmental processes.
Journal Article
A Review of Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) in Plants
Auxin is a key regulator of virtually every aspect of plant growth and development from embryogenesis to senescence. Previous studies have indicated that auxin regulates these processes by controlling gene expression via a family of functionally distinct DNA-binding auxin response factors (ARFs). ARFs are likely components that confer specificity to auxin response through selection of target genes as transcription factors. They bind to auxin response DNA elements (AuxRE) in the promoters of auxin-regulated genes and either activate or repress transcription of these genes depending on a specific domain in the middle of the protein. Genetic studies have implicated various ARFs in distinct developmental processes through loss-of-function mutant analysis. Recent advances have provided information on the regulation of ARF gene expression, the role of ARFs in growth and developmental processes, protein-protein interactions of ARFs and target genes regulated by ARFs in plants. In particular, protein interaction and structural studies of ARF proteins have yielded novel insights into the molecular basis of auxin-regulated transcription. These results provide the foundation for predicting the contributions of ARF genes to the biology of other plants.
Journal Article
Angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer: current research status and clinical implications
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Although the standard of care in pancreatic cancer has improved, prognoses for patients remain poor with a 5-year survival rate of < 5%. Angiogenesis, namely, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, is an important event in tumor growth and hematogenous metastasis. It is a dynamic and complex process involving multiple mechanisms and is regulated by various molecules. Inhibition of angiogenesis has been an established therapeutic strategy for many solid tumors. However, clinical outcomes are far from satisfying for pancreatic cancer patients receiving anti-angiogenic therapies. In this review, we summarize the current status of angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer research and explore the reasons for the poor efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapies, aiming to identify some potential therapeutic targets that may enhance the effectiveness of anti-angiogenic treatments.
Journal Article
Ferritin‐Based Nanocomposite Hydrogel Promotes Tumor Penetration and Enhances Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy
Hydrogels are prevailing drug delivery depots to improve antitumor efficacy and reduce systemic toxicity. However, the application of conventional free drug‐loaded hydrogel is hindered by poor drug penetration in solid tumors. Here, an injectable ferritin‐based nanocomposite hydrogel is constructed to facilitate tumor penetration and improve cancer chemoimmunotherapy. Specifically, doxorubicin‐loaded human ferritin (Dox@HFn) and oxidized dextran (Dex‐CHO) are used to construct the injectable hydrogel (Dox@HFn Gel) through the formation of pH‐sensitive Schiff‐base bonds. After peritumoral injection, the Dox@HFn Gel is retained locally for up to three weeks, and released intact Dox@HFn gradually, which can not only facilitate tumor penetration through active transcytosis but also induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) to tumor cells to generate an antitumor immune response. Combining with anti‐programmed death‐1 antibody (αPD‐1), Dox@HFn Gel induces remarkable regression of orthotopic 4T1 breast tumors, further elicits a strong systemic anti‐tumor immune response to effectively suppress tumor recurrence and lung metastasis of 4T1 tumors after surgical resection. Besides, the combination of Dox@HFn GelL with anti‐CD47 antibody (αCD47) inhibits postsurgical tumor recurrence of aggressive orthotopic glioblastoma tumor model and significantly extends mice survival. This work sheds light on the construction of local hydrogels to potentiate antitumor immune response for improved cancer therapy. In this study, a ferritin (HFn)‐based nanocomposite hydrogel is designed for cancer chemoimmunotherapy. The hydrogel can release intact drug‐loaded HFn nanocage in vivo and thus improve the penetration into tumor parenchyma through its active transcytosis and generates an immunostimulatory tumor microenvironment through ICD effect. The hydrogel shows superior antitumor efficacy in aggressive 4T1 breast and GL261 glioblastoma tumor models.
Journal Article
Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought
The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of seed priming. This was done by soaking the seeds of two rapeseed cultivars, namely, ZY15 (tolerant to low temperature and drought) and HY49 (sensitive to low temperature and drought), for 12 h in varying solutions: distilled water, 138 mg/L salicylic acid (SA), 300 mg/L gibberellic acid (GA), 89.4 mg/L sodium nitroprusside (SNP), 3000 mg/L calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and 30 mg/L abscisic acid (ABA). Primed and non-primed seeds were left to germinate at 15°C and -0.15 MPa (T 15 W 15 ) and at 25°C and 0 MPa (T 25 W 0 ), respectively. The results showed that SA, GA, SNP, CaCl 2 , and ABA significantly improved the germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR), germination index (GI), stem fresh weight (SFW), stem dry weight (SDW), root length (RL), stem length (SL), and seed vigor index (SVI) under T 15 W 15 . For ZY15 seeds under T 25 W 0 , GA, SNP, CaCl 2 , and ABA priming reduced the average germination time (96% after 5 days) compared to that of the control (88% after 5 days). For ZY15 seeds under T 15 W 15 , SA, SNP, CaCl 2 , and ABA priming, with respect to the control and water-treated groups, shortened the average germination time (92% after 5 days) compared to that of the control (80% after 5 days). For HY49 seeds under T 25 W 0 , GA, SNP, CaCl 2 , and ABA priming reduced the average germination time (92% after 5 days) compared to that of the control (85% after 5 days). Similarly, for HY49 seeds under T 15 W 15 , GA priming shortened the average germination time (89% after 5 days) compared to that of the control (83% after 5 days). These priming agents increased the net photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity, and transpiration rate of rape seedlings under conditions of low temperature and drought stress, while also decreasing intercellular carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations. Additionally, SA, GA, SNP, CaCl 2 , and ABA increased superoxide dismutase concentrations (SOD) and ascorbic peroxidase (APX) activities of rape seedlings under stress conditions, while decreasing catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities in ZY15 seedlings. In HY49, which is sensitive to low temperature and drought, all priming solutions, except for SNP, led to an increase in SOD activity levels and a decrease in CAT activity levels. Overall, SA, GA, SNP, and CaCl 2 increased the concentrations of indoleacetic acid (IAA), GA, ABA, and cytokinin (CTK) in seedlings under stress conditions. Moreover, compared to SA, CaCl 2 , and ABA, GA (300 mg/L) and SNP (300 mol/L) showed improved priming effects for ZY15 and HY49 under stress conditions.
Journal Article
Stimuli-responsive clustered nanoparticles for improved tumor penetration and therapeutic efficacy
A principal goal of cancer nanomedicine is to deliver therapeutics effectively to cancer cells within solid tumors. However, there are a series of biological barriers that impede nanomedicine from reaching target cells. Here, we report a stimuli-responsive clustered nanoparticle to systematically overcome these multiple barriers by sequentially responding to the endogenous attributes of the tumor microenvironment. The smart polymeric clustered nanoparticle (iCluster) has an initial size of ∼100 nm, which is favorable for long blood circulation and high propensity of extravasation through tumor vascular fenestrations. Once iCluster accumulates at tumor sites, the intrinsic tumor extracellular acidity would trigger the discharge of platinum prodrug-conjugated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (diameter ∼5 nm). Such a structural alteration greatly facilitates tumor penetration and cell internalization of the therapeutics. The internalized dendrimer prodrugs are further reduced intracellularly to release cisplatin to kill cancer cells. The superior in vivo antitumor activities of iCluster are validated in varying intractable tumor models including poorly permeable pancreatic cancer, drug-resistant cancer, and metastatic cancer, demonstrating its versatility and broad applicability.
Journal Article
Age-associated B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis by inducing activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes via TNF-α-mediated ERK1/2 and JAK-STAT1 pathways
ObjectivesAge-associated B cells (ABCs) are a recently identified B cell subset, whose expansion has been increasingly linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. This study aimed to investigate whether ABCs are involved in the pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsABCs were assessed in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice and patients with RA using flow cytometry. Transcriptomic features of RA ABCs were explored using RNA-seq. Primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) derived from the synovial tissue of patients with RA were cocultured with ABCs or ABCs-conditioned medium (ABCsCM). IL-6, MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13 levels in the coculture supernatant were detected by ELISA. Signalling pathways related to ABCs-induced FLS activation were examined using western blotting.ResultsIncreased ABCs levels in the blood, spleen and inflammatory joints of CIA mice were observed. Notably, ABCs were elevated in the blood, synovial fluid and synovial tissue of patients with RA and positively correlated with disease activity. RNA-seq revealed upregulated chemotaxis-related genes in RA ABCs compared with those in naive and memory B cells. Coculture of FLS with RA ABCs or ABCsCM led to an active phenotype of FLS, with increased production of IL-6, MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13. Mechanistically, ABCsCM-derived TNF-α promoted the upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes in FLS, with elevated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and STAT1. Furthermore, blockage of ERK1/2 and Janus Kinase (JAK)-STAT1 pathways inhibited the activation of FLS induced by ABCsCM.ConclusionsOur results suggest that ABCs contribute to the pathogenesis of RA by inducing the activation of FLS via TNF-α-mediated ERK1/2 and JAK-STAT1 pathways.
Journal Article
Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene by mixed fungi composed of Alternaria sp. and Trametes sp. isolated from landfill sites
With the development of industry and modern manufacturing, nondegradable low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has been widely used, posing a rising environmental hazard to natural ecosystems and public health. In this study, we isolated a series of LDPE-degrading fungi from landfill sites and carried out LDPE degradation experiments by combining highly efficient degrading fungi in pairs. The results showed that the mixed microorganisms composed of
Alternaria
sp. CPEF-1 and
Trametes
sp. PE2F-4 (H-3 group) had a greater degradation effect on heat-treated LDPE (T-LDPE). After 30 days of inoculation with combination strain H-3, the weight loss rate of the T-LDPE film was approximately 154% higher than that of the untreated LDPE (U-LDPE) film, and the weight loss rate reached 0.66 ± 0.06%. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to further investigate the biodegradation impacts of T-LDPE, including the changes on the surface and depolymerization of the LDPE films during the fungal degradation process. Our findings revealed that the combined fungal treatment is more effective at degrading T-LDPE than the single strain treatment, and it is expected that properly altering the composition of the microbial community can help lessen the detrimental impact of plastics on the environment.
Journal Article