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Describes the events of the 1914 Shackleton Antarctic expedition when, after being trapped in a frozen sea for nine months, the Endurance was crushed, creating the need to travel across the ocean to safety.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables label-free spatial mapping of hundreds of biomolecules in tissue sections. This capability provides valuable information on tissue heterogeneity that is difficult to obtain using population-averaged assays. Despite substantial developments in both instrumentation and methodology, MSI of tissue samples at single-cell resolution remains challenging. Herein, we describe a protocol for robust imaging of tissue sections with a high (better than 10-μm) spatial resolution using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) mass spectrometry, an ambient ionization technique that does not require sample pretreatment before analysis. In this protocol, mouse uterine tissue is used as a model system to illustrate both the workflow and data obtained in these experiments. We provide a detailed description of the nano-DESI MSI platform, fabrication of the nano-DESI and shear force probes, shear force microscopy experiments, spectral acquisition, and data processing. A properly trained researcher (e.g., technician, graduate student, or postdoc) can complete all the steps from probe fabrication to data acquisition and processing within a single day. We also describe a new strategy for acquiring both positive- and negative-mode imaging data in the same experiment. This is achieved by alternating between positive and negative data acquisition modes during consecutive line scans. Using our imaging approach, hundreds of high-quality ion images were obtained from a single uterine section. This protocol enables sensitive and quantitative imaging of lipids and metabolites in heterogeneous tissue sections with high spatial resolution, which is critical to understanding biochemical processes occurring in biological tissues.

\"This title examines an important historic event--the orphan train movement. Easy-to-read, compelling text explores the history of the Childrens Aid Society and the development of the Brace School, lodging houses, and industrial schools, the conditions that led to child abandonment in the 1800s, problems with institutional care and child labor laws, the roles the Civil War, the Great Depression, and people like Charles Loring Brace played, and the effects of this event on soci society.\"--Publisher's website.

Current markers for prostate cancer, such as PSA lack specificity. Therefore, novel biomarkers are needed. Unfortunately, the complexity of body fluids often hampers biomarker discovery. An attractive alternative approach is the isolation of small vesicles, i.e. exosomes, ∼100 nm, which contain proteins that are specific to the tissue from which they are derived and therefore can be considered as treasure chests for disease-specific biomarker discovery. Exosomes were isolated from 2 immortalized primary prostate epithelial cells (PNT2C2 and RWPE-1) and 2 PCa cell lines (PC346C and VCaP) by ultracentrifugation. After tryptic digestion, proteomic analyses utilized a nanoLC coupled with an LTQ-Orbitrap operated in tandem MS (MS/MS) mode. Accurate Mass and Time (AMT) tag approach was employed for peptide identification and quantitation. Candidate biomarkers were validated by Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry. Proteomic characterization resulted in the identification of 248, 233, 169, and 216 proteins by at least 2 peptides in exosomes from PNT2C2, RWPE-1, PC346C, and VCaP, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed 52 proteins differently abundant between PCa and control cells, 9 of which were more abundant in PCa. Validation by Western blotting confirmed a higher abundance of FASN, XPO1 and PDCD6IP (ALIX) in PCa exosomes. Identification of exosomal proteins using high performance LC-FTMS resulted in the discovery of PDCD6IP, FASN, XPO1 and ENO1 as new candidate biomarkers for prostate cancer.

Profiles the life and career of the North Vietnamese leader, Ho Chi Minh.

We use data from a randomized controlled trial conducted in 2003-2006 in rural Amhara and Oromiya (Ethiopia) to study the impacts of increasing access to microfinance on a number of socioeconomic outcomes, including income from agriculture, animal husbandry, nonfarm self-employment, labor supply, schooling and indicators of women's empowerment. We document that despite substantial increases in borrowing in areas assigned to treatment the null of no impact cannot be rejected for a large majority of outcomes.

\"After a devastating earthquake, a teen and her family are threatened by yet another disaster. A tsunami destroys their house. Their life in paradise is shaken as they try to survive the next blow\"-- Provided by publisher.

Digital breast tomosynthesis is an advancement of the mammographic technique, with the potential to increase detection of lesions during breast cancer screening. The main aim of the Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial (MBTST) was to investigate the accuracy of one-view digital breast tomosynthesis in population screening compared with standard two-view digital mammography. In this prospective, population-based screening study, of women aged 40–74 years invited to attend national breast cancer screening at Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden, a random sample was asked to participate in the trial (every third woman who was invited to attend regular screening was invited to participate). Participants had to be able to speak English or Swedish and were excluded from the study if they were pregnant. Participants underwent screening with two-view digital mammography (ie, craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views) followed by one-view digital breast tomosynthesis with reduced compression in the mediolateral oblique view (with a wide tomosynthesis angle of 50°) at one screening visit. Images were read with masked double reading and scoring by two separate reading groups, one for each method, made up of seven radiologists. Any cancer detected with a malignancy probability score of three or higher by any reader in either group was discussed in a consensus meeting of at least two readers, from which the decision of whether or not to recall the woman for further investigation was made. The primary outcome measures were sensitivity and specificity of breast cancer detection. Secondary outcome measures were screening performance measures of cancer detection, recall, and interval cancers (cancers clinically detected between screenings), and positive predictive value for screen recalls and negative predictive value of each method. Outcomes were analysed in the per-protocol population. Follow-up of the participants for at least 2 years allowed for identification of interval cancers. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01091545. Between Jan 27, 2010, and Feb 13, 2015, of 21 691 women invited, 14 851 (68%) agreed to participate. Three women withdrew consent during follow-up and were excluded from the analyses. 139 breast cancers were detected in 137 (<1%) of 14 848 women. Sensitivity was higher for digital breast tomosynthesis than for digital mammography (81·1%, 95% CI 74·2–86·9, vs 60·4%, 52·3–68·0) and specificity was slightly lower for digital breast tomosynthesis than was for digital mammography (97·2%, 95% CI 97·0–97·5, vs 98·1%, 97·9–98·3). The proportion of cancers detected was significantly higher with digital breast tomosynthesis than with digital mammography (8·7 cancers per 1000 women screened, 95% CI 7·3–10·3 vs 6·5 cancers per 1000 screened, 5·2–7·9; p<0·0001). The proportion of women recalled after discussion was higher among cancers detected by digital breast tomosynthesis than for those detected by digital mammography after consensus (3·6%, 95% CI 3·3–3·9 vs 2·5%, 2·2–2·8; p<0·0001). The positive predictive value for screen recalls was 24·1% (95% CI 20·5–28·0) for digital breast tomosynthesis and 25·9% (21·6–30·7) for digital mammography, and the negative predictive value was 99·8% (99·7–99·9) and 99·6% (99·4–99·7), respectively. The proportion of women who developed interval cancers after trial screening was 1·48 cancers per 1000 women screened (95% CI 0·93–2·24). Breast cancer screening by use of one-view digital breast tomosynthesis with a reduced compression force has higher sensitivity at a slightly lower specificity for breast cancer detection compared with two-view digital mammography and has the potential to reduce the radiation dose and screen-reading burden required by two-view digital breast tomosynthesis with two-view digital mammography. The Swedish Cancer Society, The Swedish Research Council, The Breast Cancer Foundation, The Swedish Medical Society, The Crafoord Foundation, The Gunnar Nilsson Cancer Foundation, The Skåne University Hospital Foundation, Governmental funding for clinical research, The South Swedish Health Care Region, The Malmö Hospital Cancer Foundation and The Cancer Foundation at the Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital.

When Kevin learns that not everyone has enough to eat, like the full meals he enjoys with his family every night, he organizes a food drive at school.

Muconic acid is a bioprivileged molecule that can be converted into direct replacement chemicals for incumbent petrochemicals and performance-advantaged bioproducts. In this study, Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is engineered to convert glucose and xylose, the primary carbohydrates in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, to muconic acid using a model-guided strategy to maximize the theoretical yield. Using adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) and metabolic engineering in a strain engineered to express the D-xylose isomerase pathway, we demonstrate that mutations in the heterologous D-xylose:H + symporter (XylE), increased expression of a major facilitator superfamily transporter (PP_2569), and overexpression of aroB encoding the native 3-dehydroquinate synthase, enable efficient muconic acid production from glucose and xylose simultaneously. Using the rationally engineered strain, we produce 33.7 g L −1 muconate at 0.18 g L −1 h −1 and a 46% molar yield (92% of the maximum theoretical yield). This engineering strategy is promising for the production of other shikimate pathway-derived compounds from lignocellulosic sugars. Muconic acid is a platform chemical with wide industrial applicability. Here, the authors report efficient muconate production from glucose and xylose by engineered Pseudomonas putida strain using adaptive laboratory evolution, metabolic modeling, and rational strain engineering strategies.