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"Johnson, Rebecca L"
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Your digestive system
Presents information about the digestive system, looking at the tongue, esophagus, stomach, and intestines that compose it, as well as how they work together to keep the body healthy.
Book
Slab1.0: A three-dimensional model of global subduction zone geometries
We describe and present a new model of global subduction zone geometries, called Slab1.0. An extension of previous efforts to constrain the two‐dimensional non‐planar geometry of subduction zones around the focus of large earthquakes, Slab1.0 describes the detailed, non‐planar, three‐dimensional geometry of approximately 85% of subduction zones worldwide. While the model focuses on the detailed form of each slab from their trenches through the seismogenic zone, where it combines data sets from active source and passive seismology, it also continues to the limits of their seismic extent in the upper‐mid mantle, providing a uniform approach to the definition of the entire seismically active slab geometry. Examples are shown for two well‐constrained global locations; models for many other regions are available and can be freely downloaded in several formats from our new Slab1.0 website, http://on.doi.gov/d9ARbS. We describe improvements in our two‐dimensional geometry constraint inversion, including the use of ‘average’ active source seismic data profiles in the shallow trench regions where data are otherwise lacking, derived from the interpolation between other active source seismic data along‐strike in the same subduction zone. We include several analyses of the uncertainty and robustness of our three‐dimensional interpolation methods. In addition, we use the filtered, subduction‐related earthquake data sets compiled to build Slab1.0 in a reassessment of previous analyses of the deep limit of the thrust interface seismogenic zone for all subduction zones included in our global model thus far, concluding that the width of these seismogenic zones is on average 30% larger than previous studies have suggested.
Key Points
Introduces a new set of detailed 3D global subduction zone models
Focuses on the shallow seismogenic zone (unrepresented in previous models)
Allows for improved finite‐fault, seismic and tsunami hazard calculations
Journal Article
Your muscular system
Describes the human musculoskeletal system, how it works, what parts of it we can control and what parts we can't and how to keep it healthy.
Book
Reducing Phenolics Related to Bitterness in Table Olives
Olives are one of the oldest food products in human civilization. Over the centuries, numerous methods have been developed to transform olives from a bitter drupe into an edible fruit. Methods of processing table olives rely on the acid, base, and/or enzymatic hydrolysis of bitter phenolic compounds naturally present in the fruit into nonbitter hydrolysis products. Today, there are three primary methods of commercial table olive processing: the Greek, Spanish, and Californian methods, in addition to several Artisanal methods. This review focuses on the technological, microbiological, chemical, and sensory aspects of table olive processing and the inherent benefits and drawbacks of each method. The table olive industry is facing challenges of environmental sustainability and increased consumer demand for healthier products. Herein, we examine current research on novel technologies that aim to address these issues.
Journal Article
Journey into the deep : discovering new ocean creatures
\"Join scientists on a journey from coastlines to the deep seafloor and meet the weird, wonderful, and unforgettable creatures they discovered along the way\"--P. [4] of cover.
Book
A single center descriptive study of local anesthetic dose in knee arthroplasty: Was there evidence of local anesthetic systemic toxicity?
Describe dosing of local anesthetic when both a periarticular injection (PAI) and peripheral nerve block (PNB) are utilized for knee arthroplasty analgesia, and compare the dosing of local to suggested maximum dosing, and look for evidence of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST).
A single center retrospective cohort study between May 2018 and November 2022.
A major academic hospital.
Patients who had both a PAI and PNB while undergoing primary, revision, total, partial, unilateral, or bilateral knee arthroplasty.
None.
Calculate the dose of local anesthetic given via PAI, PNB, and both routes combined as based on lean body weight and compare that to the suggested maximum dosing. Look for medications, clinical interventions, and critical event notes suggestive of a LAST event.
There were 4527 knee arthroplasties where both a PAI and PNB were performed during the study period. When combining PAI and PNB doses, >75% of patients received more than the suggested maximum dose of 3 mg/kg lean body weight. The median local anesthetic dosing over the study period, 4.4 mg/kg (IQR 3.5,5.9), was 147% of the suggested maximum dose (IQR 117,197). There was no conclusive evidence of LAST among any of the patients in the study.
Over the course of our study, we had 4527 knee arthroplasties with a median PAI and PNB local anesthetic dose that was 147% of the suggested maximum without any clear clinical evidence of a LAST event.
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•Total combined dose of local anesthetic given via PAI and PNB often exceeds suggested maximum lean body weight-based amount.•No definitive local anesthetic toxicity events were observed in this retrospective single-center study.•Maximum recommended doses of bupivacaine and ropivacaine could be reevaluated in knee arthroplasty.
Journal Article
Chernobyl's wild kingdom : life in the dead zone
After the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear explosion, scientists believed radiation would make the area a barren wasteland. Today the Dead Zone is teeming with wildlife. But every plant and animal is radioactive, leaving scientists wondering how their survival is possible.
Book
The American Board of Pathology's 2020 Continuing Certification Program
Certification by the American Board of Pathology (ABPath) is a valued credential that serves patients, families, and the public and improves patient care. The ABPath establishes professional and educational standards and assesses the knowledge of candidates for initial certification in pathology. Diplomates certified in 2006 and thereafter are required to participate in Continuing Certification (CC; formerly Maintenance of Certification) in order to maintain certification.
To inform and update the pathology community on the history of board certification, the requirements for CC, ABPath CertLink, changes to the CC program, and ABPath compliance with recommendations from the American Board of Medical Specialties Vision Commission; to demonstrate the value of CC participation for diplomates with non-time-limited certification.
This review uses ABPath archived minutes of the CC Committee and the Board of Trustees, the ABPath CC Booklet of Information, the collective knowledge of the ABPath staff and trustees, and the American Board of Medical Specialties 2018-2019 Board Certification Report.
The ABPath continues to update the CC program to make it more relevant and meaningful and less burdensome for diplomates. Adding ABPath CertLink to the program has been a significant enhancement for the assessment of medical knowledge and has been well received by diplomates.
Journal Article
American Board of Pathology Examination Pass Rates
To the Editor.-We read with great interest the editorial \"Recent Advances in Anatomic and Clinical Pathology Board Examination Pass Rates\" by Brian D. Adkins, MD.1 Historic board pass rates are nicely summarized, and the author speculates on the many reasons for an upward trend in pass rates, although this was only significant when looking at all test takers, but not when breaking out first time and repeat test takers. Because all exams have some measurement error, the provisional cut score or standard can be adjusted using the standard error of measurement (SEM). When a violation occurs, the board can terminate the exam, invalidate the results, withhold or revoke certification, ban from future examinations, or other appropriate action.
Journal Article
Reevaluation of the US Pathologist Workforce Size
There is currently no national organization that publishes its data that serves as the authoritative source of the pathologist workforce in the US. Accurate physician numbers are needed to plan for future health care service requirements.
To assess the accuracy of current pathologist workforce estimates in the US by examining why divergency appears in different published resources.
This study examined the American Board of Pathology classification for pathologist primary specialty and subspecialties and analyzed previously published reports from the following data sources: the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), a 2013 College of American Pathologists (CAP) report, a commercially available version of the American Medical Assoication (AMA) Physician Masterfile, and an unpublished data summary from June 10, 2019.
Number of physicians classified as pathologists.
The most recent AAMC data from 2017 (published in 2018) reported 12 839 physicians practicing \"anatomic/clinical pathology,\" which is a subset of the whole. In comparison, the current AMA Physician Masterfile, which is not available publicly, listed 21 292 active pathologists in June 2019. The AMA Physician Masterfile includes all pathologists in 15 subspecialized training areas as identified by the ACGME. By contrast, AAMC's data, which derive from the AMA Physician Masterfile data, only count physicians primarily associated with 3 general categories of pathologists and 1 subspecialty category (ie, chemical pathology). Thus, the AAMC pathology workforce estimate does not include those whose principal work is in 11 subspecialty areas, such as blood banking or transfusion medicine, cytopathology, hematopathology, or microbiology. An additional discrepancy relates to the ACGME residency (specialties) and fellowship (subspecialties) training programs in which pathologists with training in dermatopathology appear as dermatologists and pathologists with training in molecular genetic pathology appear as medical geneticists.
This analysis found that most sources reported only select categories of the pathologist workforce rather than the complete workforce. The discordant nature of reporting may pertain to other medical specialties that have undergone increased subspecialization during the past 2 decades (eg, surgery and medicine). Reconsideration of the methods for determining the pathologist workforce and for all workforces in medicine appears to be needed.
Journal Article