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Aflatoxin Binders II: Reduction of aflatoxin M1 in milk by sequestering agents of cows consuming aflatoxin in feed
Sequestering agents bind dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and reduce absorption from an animal's gastrointestinal tract. As a result, they protect an animal from the toxic effects of AFB1 and reduce transfer of the metabolite, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), into milk. Three experiments, using late-lactation Holstein cows fed AFB1-contaminated feed, were conducted to evaluate several potential sequestering agents for their abilities to prevent or reduce the transmission of AFM1 into milk. Six agents previously tested in our laboratory for AFB1 binding in vitro were evaluated in these experiments. These were: SA-20, an activated carbon (AC-A); Astra-Ben-20, a sodium bentonite (AB-20); MTB-100, an esterified glucomannan (MTB-100); Red Crown, a calcium bentonite (RC); Flow Guard, a sodium bentonite (FG); and Mycrosorb, a sodium bentonite (MS). Five of the six sequestering agents significantly (P < 0.01) reduced AFM1 contamination of milk (AB-20, 61%; FG, 65%; MS, 50%; MTB-100, 59%; and RC, 31%); whereas, AC-A, activated carbon, had no effect on AFM1 transmission at 0.25% of feed. By the first milking (1 day after cows consumed contaminated feed), AFM1 appeared in milk, then reached maximum levels after three days, and was absent from milk within four days after AFB1 was removed from the feed. Sodium bentonites at 1.2% of feed showed good potential as AFB1 binders; MTB-100, a yeast cell wall product, was equally effective at 0.05% in feed. Potential AFB1 binding agents should be evaluated experimentally to demonstrate efficacy. Our data show that sequestering agents can reduce AFM1 in milk of cows fed AFB1-contaminated feed.
Journal Article
Perspectives on food-safety issues of animal-derived foods
As recent stories in the news have shown, maintaining the integrity of the food supply is of critical importance to the consumer. Thousands of Americans die each year from food-borne illnesses, and millions more get sick. Tremendous strides have been made to reduce the incidence of food-borne diseases originating from animal-derived foods, but food safety and food-borne pathogens continue to remain problematic throughout the world. Food-safety scientists from around the nation continue to conduct groundbreaking research not only to understand causative factors in food-borne pathogen prevalence but to develop novel intervention strategies for limiting contamination in all phases of food animal production. The twenty-four essays in this book highlight research efforts of researchers from the tristate Food Safety Consortium established in 1988 by Congress as a research alliance of food-safety scientists at the University of Arkansas, Iowa State University, and Kansas State University. Members of the consortium conduct research through an annual grant approved by Congress and administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Its mission is to conduct extensive investigation into all areas of poultry, beef, and pork meat production, from the farm to the consumer's table. In addition to the consortium researchers, collaborative university researchers, government officials, and industry personnel provide timely reviews of their latest findings with regard to five significant subject areas: preharvest food-borne pathogen ecology and intervention strategies, postharvest food-borne pathogen ecology, rapid methods and detection strategies for food-borne pathogens, antibiotics and antimicrobials in food safety, and emerging issues in food safety. Progress in these research areas provides opportunities to further enhance protection of animal-derived foods from farm to fork.
eBook
Internal and external bacterial counts from shells of eggs washed in a commercial-type processor at various wash-water temperatures
The effects of two egg holding temperatures (15.5 and 26.7 degrees C) and three wash-water temperatures (15.5, 32.2, and 48.9 degrees C) on internal and external shell surface bacterial counts were tested by using a commercial-type egg-processing unit. Two experiments consisting of five trials, each of which included 360 eggs per treatment for a total of 2,160 per trial, were conducted during two seasons (summer and winter) for a total of 10 replicates per experiment. During the performance of each replicate, counts from tryptic soy agar (TSA) and MacConkey agar (MAC) were obtained from 10 egg samples which were collected prior to processing (prewash), immediately after washing (postwash), and after a 5-day cooling period at 7.2 degrees C (postcool). No growth was observed on MAC plates in either experiment, indicating that fewer than 100 counts were detected. No significant differences (P 0.05) were observed in the prewash, postwash, or postcool internal shell counts of eggs held at 15.5 degrees C compared to internal counts of shells of eggs held at 26.7 degrees C. Likewise, no significant differences (P 0.05) were observed in the prewash, postwash, or postcool internal shell counts obtained from eggs washed in 15.5 degrees C water compared with internal shell counts obtained from eggs washed in water at 32.2 or 48.9 degrees C. On the basis of our data, spray washing eggs in 15.5 degrees C water does not appear to increase internal shell bacterial counts. Because warm or hot wash water increases egg temperatures markedly, a reexamination of cold-water processing procedures may be in order
Journal Article
Perspectives on food-safety issues of animal-derived foods / edited by Steven C. Ricke and Frank T. Jones
This book deals with the subject of understanding and controlling pathogenic bacteria in poultry, beef, and pork. As recent stories in the news have shown, maintaining the integrity of the food supply is of critical importance to the consumer. Thousands of Americans die each year from food borne illnesses, and millions more get sick. Tremendous strides have been made to reduce the incidence of food borne diseases originating from animal derived foods, but food safety and food borne pathogens continue to remain problematic throughout the world. Food safety scientists from around the nation continue to conduct groundbreaking research not only to understand causative factors in food borne pathogen prevalence but to develop novel intervention strategies for limiting contamination in all phases of food animal production. The twenty four essays in this book highlight research efforts of researchers from the tristate Food Safety Consortium established in 1988 by Congress as a research alliance of food safety scientists at the University of Arkansas, Iowa State University, and Kansas State University. Members of the consortium conduct research through an annual grant approved by Congress and administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Its mission is to conduct extensive investigation into all areas of poultry, beef, and pork meat production, from the farm to the consumer's table. In addition to the consortium researchers, collaborative university researchers, government officials, and industry personnel provide timely reviews of their latest findings with regard to five significant subject areas: preharvest food borne pathogen ecology and intervention strategies, postharvest food borne pathogen ecology, rapid methods and detection strategies for food borne pathogens, antibiotics and antimicrobials in food safety, and emerging issues in food safety. Progress in these research areas provides opportunities to further enhance protection of animal derived foods from farm to fork.
eBook
Food Safety of Natural and Organic Poultry
The 1,600 members of the Organic Trade Association (OTA) that grow and process organic foods recently released preliminary findings from its survey of manufacturers (OTA 2007). Organic foods accounted for nearly 3% of total U.S. food sales and meat/fish/poultry sales showed the largest annual market growth percentage (Table 21.1). The growth rate for organic foods in 2006 was 22.1%, exceeding the prediction of 20.7% (Table 21.2). This rate of growth is more than seven times the typical rate of growth, 3%, of most other retail food categories. In a 2005 survey OTA members predicted 10–15% growth rate in the
Book Chapter
Letter: picture unfair
Sir: As executive director of the American Lung Association of Maryland, I would like to take this opportunity to comment on the article on charitable organizations by Mark Reutter (Trend, June 30).
Newspaper Article
Letters to the Editor
Sir: I would like to take, this opportunity, on behalf of the Board of Directors of the American Lung Association of Maryland, to offer congratulations to Dr. Robert Farber, Commissioner of Health, and his staff on the excellent job they have done on
Newspaper Article
Christmas Seal Warning
Sir The 63d annual Christmas Seal Campaign is now officially under way This campaign will conclude on Christmas Day, 1969
Newspaper Article
Letters to the Editor
Sir: The Sun recently carried a story from the Annapolis Bureau quoting a letter received by Delegate Dulany regarding proposed legislation to require blood testing with marriage license applications. The letter is entertaining enough in its confusion of \"venerable\" with \"venereal\" diseases,...
Newspaper Article