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"Jones, J. Graham"
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Analysing for 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane in heritage collections containing solid and medium density flexible linear polyester polyurethanes using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Polyurethane (PUR) shoe soles from collections held by the Alfred Gillett Trust, stored for up to 50 years, were analysed for the presence of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4′-MDA)—a substance of very high concern in Europe and classified as a carcinogen in USA. A review of the literature revealed no papers on long term room-temperature hydrolysis of urethane or urea linkages leading to the spontaneous formation of 4,4′-MDA in polyester or polyether polyurethanes made from 4,4′-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane (MDI). However, evidence emerged of its potential formation and a possible handling hazard was consequently identified in the heritage collection. By chemical analysis, shortcomings in the current literature could be addressed. Calibration of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry equipment showed analysis of 4,4′-MDA was possible down to 1 ppm with an error of 2.5 ppm. No 4,4′-MDA was found in the PUR analyte solutions at a concentration > 1 ppm. Under these experimental parameters the samples were shown to comply with the industrially accepted CertiPUR 2017 standard for commercial slab-stock foams. Furthermore, no 4,4′-MDA was found in solution after an ‘accelerated anaerobic hydrolysis test’ on the sole materials. This test was designed and developed to assess the likelihood of future formation of the aromatic amine via a hydrolysis-only mechanism/s. Finally, 4,4′-MDA itself was heated in air at 70 °C under ‘humid’ conditions to examine its stability. In this experiment the 4,4′-MDA altered in appearance and was reduced to ca 30% of its original weight. Subject to more work, it is conceivable 4,4′-MDA could be formed by hydrolysis, but degraded over time, and not detected in these tests.
Journal Article
Social facts and ethical hardware: Ethics in the value proposition
Providing a framework for integrating aspects of externally directed corporate and marketing communication efforts, this paper makes a case for the communication of positive and credible ethical values as a potentially critical component in communications strategy and sustainable competitive advantage. Using an uncertainty-reduction model adapted from the diffusion literature, it is suggested that appropriately communicated moral and ethical values can have a role in underpinning an organisation's reputation and \"trusted capacities\", thereby heightening confidence in likely future actions, offering a predictive mechanism for lowering uncertainty in market transactions, and facilitating a potential to trade by offering a rationale for an organisation's secure market position. Underpinned by ethical principles, the paper proposes implications for the role of \"reputation for trustworthiness\" and its symbolic evocation. It is argued that a reputation can become accepted as a social \"fact\", able to endure critical interrogation in its social environment.
Journal Article
Batman, Knightsend
\"Bruce Wayne returns to Gotham City only to find that his replacement, Jean-Paul Valley, has become increasingly violent and reckless. Now he must confront and defeat Jean-Paul in order to win back the mantle of the Bat. Following the events of Batman: Knightquest: The Search, Bruce Wayne is ready to return to his role as Gotham's greatest protector, Batman. Including never-before-collected material! Bruce Wayne completes his improbable recovery from his broken back and is ready to resume his role as Gotham's protector. But Jean-Paul Valley, the man who now patrols the night as a vicious and violent Batman, is not willing to give up his new identity. Driven to the brink of madness by inner demons, the new Batman seeks to destroy Bruce as they meet in mortal combat.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Batman Knightfall omnibus
\"This classic storyline that led to the birth of a new Batman begins as the Dark Knight's greatest enemies have all simultaneously escaped from Arkham Asylum and are preying on Gotham City. With his city under siege, Batman pushes his body to its physical breaking point as he takes on the Joker, the Mad Hatter, Poison Ivy, Killer Croc, the Riddler and the Scarecrow, one after another. But things get much worse, when Bane, the man behind all of this madness, confronts an exhausted Batman and cripples him by breaking his back.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Editorial comment: theorizing globalization through theatre
Graham-Jones considers theories about globalization particularly in the theater. She touches on the World Social Forum held in January 2005, which included \"Arts and Creation\" as one of its 11 \"thematic terrains.\" She highlights related articles in the October 2005 issue of \"Theatre Journal.\"
Journal Article
Editorial Comment: The Edges of the Theatrical Event
Graham-Jones comments on the limits of the theatrical experience and introduces the five essays included in the March 2005 issue of \"Theatre Journal.\" The subject matter for each is positioned at the \"the edges of the theatrical event as it is conventionally understood.\"
Journal Article