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"Jones, Lee"
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Understanding China's 'Belt and Road Initiative': beyond 'grand strategy' to a state transformation analysis
China's massive 'Belt and Road Initiative' (BRI) - designed to build infrastructure and coordinate policymaking across Eurasia and eastern Africa - is widely seen as a clearly-defined, top-down 'grand strategy', reflecting Beijing's growing ambition to reshape, or even dominate, regional and international order. This article argues that this view is mistaken. Foregrounding transformations in the Chinese party-state that shape China's foreign policy-making, it shows that, rather than being a coherent, geopolitically-driven grand strategy, BRI is an extremely loose, indeterminate scheme, driven primarily by competing domestic interests, particularly state capitalist interests, whose struggle for power and resources are already shaping BRI's design and implementation. This will generate outcomes that often diverge from top leaders' intentions and may even undermine key foreign policy goals.
Journal Article
Governing borderless threats : non-traditional security and the politics of state transformation
\"'Non-traditional' security problems like pandemic diseases, climate change and terrorism now pervade the global agenda. Many argue that sovereign state-based governance is no longer adequate, demanding and constructing new approaches to manage border-spanning threats. Drawing on critical literature in political science, political geography and political economy, this is the first book that systematically explains the outcomes of these efforts. It shows that transboundary security challenges are primarily governed not through supranational organisations, but by transforming state apparatuses and integrating them into multilevel, regional or global regulatory governance networks. The socio-political contestation shaping this process determines the form, content and operation of transnational security governance regimes. Using three in-depth case studies - environmental degradation, pandemic disease, and transnational crime - this innovative book integrates global governance and international security studies and identifies the political and normative implications of non-traditional security governance, providing insights for scholars and policymakers alike\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
China challenges global governance? Chinese international development finance and the AIIB
Many observers of international politics detect a growing Chinese challenge to the rules-based, liberal international order. In particular, some saw Beijing’s recent creation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) as a threat to existing organizations governing international development financing. This article broadly concurs with more sanguine accounts emphasizing the AIIB’s similarity to existing multilateral development banks. However, we go further by arguing that the full extent of China’s challenge to global governance cannot be understood without reference to the ongoing transformation of the Chinese party-state: the contested fragmentation, decentralization and internationalization of state apparatuses. These processes mean that the AIIB is just one institution among many in China’s messy international development financing field—alongside policy and commercial banks, functional ministries, provincial governments and state-owned enterprises. Contestation among these agencies will shape China’s real challenge to global economic governance, which will often be significant, yet unintended and non-strategic, in nature.
Journal Article
Oliver's otter phase
After a trip to the aquarium, Oliver decides to be an otter and tries to copy otter behavior at meals, while playing, during a trip to the store, and at bath time.
Book
Exercise-dependent regulation of the tumour microenvironment
Emerging data indicate that exercise modulates cancer biology and disease outcomes; however, the molecular mechanisms are poorly established. In this Opinion article, the authors speculate on how exercise might reprogramme the tumour microenvironment to influence cancer hallmarks.
The integrity and composition of the tumour microenvironment (TME) is highly plastic, undergoing constant remodelling in response to instructive signals derived from alterations in the availability and nature of systemic host factors. This 'systemic milieu' is directly modulated by host exposure to modifiable lifestyle factors such as exercise. Host exposure to regular exercise markedly reduces the risk of the primary development of several cancers and might improve clinical outcomes following a diagnosis of a primary disease. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin the apparent antitumour effects of exercise are poorly understood. In this Opinion article, we explore the putative effects of exercise in reprogramming the interaction between the host and the TME. Specifically, we speculate on the possible effects of exercise on reprogramming 'distant' tissue microenvironments (those not directly involved in the exercise response) by analysing how alterations in the systemic milieu might modulate key TME components to influence cancer hallmarks.
Journal Article
ASEAN Economic Community : a model for Asia-wide regional integration?
\"The launch of the ASEAN Economic Community raises key issues: the deepening of regional trade and the associated problem of exchange rate management. This volume questions the capacity of a shallow institution to deal with complex impacts on employment and inequality. Readers gain a clear understanding of ASEAN's potential and weakness in technical and non-technical but always readable terms\"-- Provided by the publisher.
Book
The Application of Terrestrial LiDAR for Geohazard Mapping, Monitoring and Modelling in the British Geological Survey
Geomatics is the discipline of electronically gathering, storing, processing, and delivering spatially related digital information; it continues to be one of the fastest expanding global markets, driven by technology. The British Geological Survey (BGS) geomatics capabilities have been utilized in a variety of scientific studies such as the monitoring of actively growing volcanic lava domes and rapidly retreating glaciers; coastal erosion and platform evolution; inland and coastal landslide modelling; mapping of geological structures and fault boundaries; rock stability and subsidence feature analysis, and geo-conservation. In 2000, the BGS became the first organization outside the mining industry to use Terrestrial LiDAR Scanning (TLS) as a tool for measuring change; paired with a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), BGS were able to measure, monitor, and model geomorphological features of landslides in the United Kingdom (UK) digitally. Many technologies are used by the BGS to monitor the earth, employed on satellites, airplanes, drones, and ground-based equipment, in both research and commercial settings to carry out mapping, monitoring, and modelling of earth surfaces and processes. Outside BGS, these technologies are used for close-range, high-accuracy applications such as bridge and dam monitoring, crime and accident scene analysis, forest canopy and biomass measurements and military applications.
Journal Article
Spider-Man. Spider-chase
\"Peter (Spider-Man) Parker, Miles (also Spider-Man) Morales, and Gwen (Ghost-Spider) Stacy have joined forces and nothing can stop them in these middle-grade friendly adventures in the Mighty Marvel Manner! Well, maybe nothing except homework and an internship at the Daily Bugle, not to mention being stalked by a new dangerous foe... Kraven the Hunter! One by one, the Spiders fall into Kraven's web, but the final showdown looms on a battlefield of the hunter's choosing. Could this be the end for Peter, Miles, and Gwen? Collects issues #4-6 of the Marvel Action: Spider-Man series.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Common misconceptions held by health researchers when interpreting linear regression assumptions, a cross-sectional study
Statistical models are valuable tools for interpreting complex relationships within health systems. These models rely on a framework of statistical assumptions that, when correctly addressed, enable valid inferences and conclusions. However, failure to appropriately address these assumptions can lead to flawed analyses, resulting in misleading conclusions and contributing to the adoption of ineffective or harmful treatments and poorer health outcomes. This study examines researchers' understanding of the widely used linear regression model, focusing on assumptions, common misconceptions, and recommendations for improving research practices.
One hundred papers were randomly sampled from the journal PLOS ONE, which used linear regression in the materials and methods section and were from the health and biomedical field in 2019. Two independent volunteer statisticians rated each paper for the reporting of linear regression assumptions. The prevalence of assumptions reported by authors was described using frequencies, percentages, and 95% confidence intervals. The agreement of statistical raters was assessed using Gwet's statistic.
Of the 95 papers that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 37% reported checking any linear regression assumptions, 22% reported checking one assumption, and no authors checked all assumptions. The biggest misconception was that the Y variable should be checked for normality, with only 5 of the 28 papers correctly checking the residuals for normality.
The reporting of linear regression assumptions is alarmingly low. When assumptions are checked, the reporting is often inadequate or incorrectly checked. Addressing these issues requires a cultural shift in research practices, including improved statistical training, more rigorous journal review processes, and a broader understanding of regression as a unifying framework. Greater emphasis must be placed on evaluating model assumptions and their implications rather than the rote application of statistical methods. Careful consideration of assumptions helps improve the reliability of statistical conclusions, reducing the risk of misleading findings influencing clinical practice and potentially affecting patient outcomes.
Journal Article