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"Jones, Leslie"
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Invasive hybridization in a threatened species is accelerated by climate change
Cross-breeding between invasive and native species (hybridization) is one of the potential ways that climate change can impact biodiversity; unfortunately there is little data on this phenomenon. Now, research shows that rapid climate-warming has exacerbated interactions between native trout (
Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi
) and the non-native species (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
) through invasive hybridization in western North America.
Climate change will decrease worldwide biodiversity through a number of potential pathways
1
, including invasive hybridization
2
(cross-breeding between invasive and native species). How climate warming influences the spread of hybridization and loss of native genomes poses difficult ecological and evolutionary questions with little empirical information to guide conservation management decisions
3
. Here we combine long-term genetic monitoring data with high-resolution climate and stream temperature predictions to evaluate how recent climate warming has influenced the spatio-temporal spread of human-mediated hybridization between threatened native westslope cutthroat trout (
Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi
) and non-native rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
), the world’s most widely introduced invasive fish
4
. Despite widespread release of millions of rainbow trout over the past century within the Flathead River system
5
, a large relatively pristine watershed in western North America, historical samples revealed that hybridization was prevalent only in one (source) population. During a subsequent 30-year period of accelerated warming, hybridization spread rapidly and was strongly linked to interactions between climatic drivers—precipitation and temperature—and distance to the source population. Specifically, decreases in spring precipitation and increases in summer stream temperature probably promoted upstream expansion of hybridization throughout the system. This study shows that rapid climate warming can exacerbate interactions between native and non-native species through invasive hybridization, which could spell genomic extinction for many species.
Journal Article
Projected warming portends seasonal shifts of stream temperatures in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem, USA and Canada
Climate warming is expected to increase stream temperatures in mountainous regions of western North America, yet the degree to which future climate change may influence seasonal patterns of stream temperature is uncertain. In this study, a spatially explicit statistical model framework was integrated with empirical stream temperature data (approximately four million bi-hourly recordings) and high-resolution climate and land surface data to estimate monthly stream temperatures and potential change under future climate scenarios in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem, USA and Canada (72,000 km
2
). Moderate and extreme warming scenarios forecast increasing stream temperatures during spring, summer, and fall, with the largest increases predicted during summer (July, August, and September). Additionally, thermal regimes characteristic of current August temperatures, the warmest month of the year, may be exceeded during July and September, suggesting an earlier onset and extended duration of warm summer stream temperatures. Models estimate that the largest magnitude of temperature warming relative to current conditions may be observed during the shoulder months of winter (April and November). Summer stream temperature warming is likely to be most pronounced in glacial-fed streams where models predict the largest magnitude (> 50%) of change due to the loss of alpine glaciers. We provide the first broad-scale analysis of seasonal climate effects on spatiotemporal patterns of stream temperature in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem for better understanding climate change impacts on freshwater habitats and guiding conservation and climate adaptation strategies.
Journal Article
Drawing Surrealism
\"Drawing, often considered a minor art, was central to Surrealism from the very beginning. Automatic drawing, exquisite cadavers, and frottage are just a few of the techniques invented by Surrealists as means to tap into the subconscious realm. While previous books have examined the connection between drawings and Surrealist paintings, Drawing Surrealism is the first to recognize the medium as a fundamental form of Surrealist expression, and to explore its impact on other media as well. Surrealist collage, photography, and even paintings are presented in the context of drawing as a metaphor for innovation and experimentation. It is also the first book to encompass a wide array of artists on a global scale--from the great figures in Surrealist history to lesser-known Surrealists from Japan, Central Europe, and the Americas, where the movement had a profound and lasting effect. In addition to brilliant reproductions of drawings and other works by more than 100 artists, this volume also includes a substantial historical essay by the exhibition's curator as well as informative essays by leading scholars. This groundbreaking book offers a deep understanding of the techniques and concerns that made Surrealism such an intimate perceptual revolution\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Androgenetic alopecia: new insights into the pathogenesis and mechanism of hair loss version 1; peer review: 4 approved
The hair follicle is a complete mini-organ that lends itself as a model for investigation of a variety of complex biological phenomena, including stem cell biology, organ regeneration and cloning.
The arrector pili muscle inserts into the hair follicle at the level of the bulge- the epithelial stem cell niche. The arrector pili muscle has been previously thought to be merely a bystander and not to have an active role in hair disease.
Computer generated 3D reconstructions of the arrector pili muscle have helped explain why women with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) experience diffuse hair loss rather than the patterned baldness seen in men. Loss of attachment between the bulge stem cell population and the arrector pili muscle also explains why miniaturization is irreversible in AGA but not alopecia areata.
A new model for the progression of AGA is presented.
Journal Article
“Devastating…Having My Child on the Opposite Side of a Window”: Family Visiting Experiences and Considerations for Supporting Youths with Incarcerated Parents
Most people who are incarcerated in the US are parents, yet little is known about the context and experiences of family connection when a parent is incarcerated. This study aims to provide family perspectives and experiences during a parent’s incarceration for providers and organizations to consider when supporting children who have incarcerated parent(s) and their families throughout incarceration. From March to August 2020, we recruited adolescents (12–18 years) who have or had a parent incarcerated, caregivers of children of incarcerated parents, and parents upon one year of release. Families were recruited by emailing flyers to community-based organizations and schools using convenience-based and snowball recruitment methods. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. We interviewed 26 participants: 10 youth, 6 parents released from incarceration in the last year, and 10 caregivers, who mainly resided in the state of Ohio. Three themes emerged during the incarceration phase:
the high cost of parental incarceration (financial, emotional, and visiting), barriers to connection (intimidating and strict process, physical barriers, quality of phone calls), and family resource suggestions (age and developmental communication resources, community-based supports, stigma reduction)
. Families primarily discussed these themes along with the need for additional individual and community-based supports. Findings relay the importance of family-centered interventions during incarceration to reduce barriers to staying connected. We discuss families’ suggestions on supportive services to help the family unit access resources and improve communication during incarceration, to better support the next phase of transition, reintegrating back into society.
Highlights
Adolescents, caregivers, and parents upon release shared their visiting experiences and considerations to support children during incarceration.
The costs of parental incarceration and costs of connection during incarceration extended beyond financial strain.
Families desire open, honest, and developmentally appropriate communication guides for families and providers on how to discuss a parent’s incarceration.
Journal Article
Track Two Diplomacy in Theory and Practice
Track Two diplomacy consists of informal dialogues among actors such as academics, religious leaders, retired senior officials, and NGO officials that can bring new ideas and new relationships to the official process of diplomacy.
Sadly, those involved in official diplomacy often have little understanding of and appreciation for the complex and nuanced role that Track Two can play, or for its limitations. And many Track Two practitioners are often unaware of the realities and pressures of the policy and diplomatic worlds, and not particularly adept at framing their efforts to make them accessible to hard-pressed officials. At the same time, those interested in the academic study of Track Two sometimes fail to understand the realities faced by either set of practitioners.
A need therefore exists for a work to bridge the divides between these constituencies and between the different types of Track Two practice—and this book crosses disciplines and traditions in order to do just that. It explores the various dimensions and guises of Track Two, the theory and practice of how they work, and how both practitioners and academics could more profitably assess Track Two. Overall, it provides a comprehensive picture of the range of activities pursued under this title, to provoke new thinking about how these activities relate to each other, to official diplomacy, and to academe.
eBook