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"Jorba, Laia"
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Digital media and political engagement worldwide : a comparative study
\"This book explores how digital media use affects political attitudes and behavior, and how this relationship is shaped by political environments across countries\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Evaluación de las experiencias participativas en la gestión local de Cataluña: potencialidades y amenazas
En este artículo reflexionamos sobre la evaluación de la gestión local y las prácticas participativas, que se habían desarrollado como nuevas formas de democracia profunda.Consideramos la evaluación como un paso necesario del proceso de gestión, y también la última etapa, una fase de madurez, de la perspectiva participativa.En este contexto, evaluamos algunas experiencias participativas, impulsadas por los gobiernos locales y financiadas por el gobierno supralocal. Teniendo en cuenta algunas dimensiones contextuales, como la naturaleza de los municipios, su historia participativa y el tipo de proyecto que desarrollan, analizamos el proceso en sí y sus resultados.Vemos que los municipios tienen diferentes concepciones de participación e implementación, en consecuencia, diferentes estrategias para desarrollar estos procesos, motivando básicamente la participación asociativa, abriendo muy pocas líneas para la cooperación interdepartamental, no utilizando prácticas innovadoras cuando faltan algunos profesionales y, finalmente, considerando las prácticas participativas marginales, en lugar de estructurales.Aun así, teniendo en cuenta algunas debilidades, los procesos analizados nos muestran, por un lado, la extensión y diversidad de estas herramientas a nivel local, y por el otro, algunas potencialidades y oportunidades importantes.
Journal Article
Evaluación de las experiencias participativas en la gestión local de Cataluña: potencialidades y amenazas
En este artículo reflexionamos sobre la evaluación de la gestión local y las prácticas participativas, que se habían desarrollado como nuevas formas de democracia profunda. Consideramos la evaluación como un paso necesario del proceso de gestión, y también la última etapa, una fase de madurez, de la perspectiva participativa. En este contexto, evaluamos algunas experiencias participativas, impulsadas por los gobiernos locales y financiadas por el gobierno supralocal. Teniendo en cuenta algunas dimensiones contextuales, como la naturaleza de los municipios, su historia participativa y el tipo de proyecto que desarrollan, analizamos el proceso en sí y sus resultados. Vemos que los municipios tienen diferentes concepciones de participación e implementación, en consecuencia, diferentes estrategias para desarrollar estos procesos, motivando básicamente la participación asociativa, abriendo muy pocas líneas para la cooperación interdepartamental, no utilizando prácticas innovadoras cuando faltan algunos profesionales y, finalmente, considerando las prácticas participativas marginales, en lugar de estructurales. Aun así, teniendo en cuenta algunas debilidades, los procesos analizados nos muestran, por un lado, la extensión y diversidad de estas herramientas a nivel local, y por el otro, algunas potencialidades y oportunidades importantes.
Journal Article
Transnational links and practices of migrants’ organisations in Spain
Recent scholarship on transnationalism has focused primarily on practices of individuals, to the extent that some argue that the individual is – or should be – the proper unit of analysis (see Portes, Guarnizo & Landolt 1999). Yet, the literature is vastly populated with research on whole communities and migrant groups. In particular, a number of scholars place migrants’ organisations and organisational networks at the core of their definitions of transnationalism. For example, Faist (2000a: 189) broadly defines transnationalism as the ‘sustained ties of persons, networks and organizations across the borders across multiple nation-states, ranging from little to highly institutionalized forms’;
Book Chapter
Contemporary management of concomitant gallstones and common bile duct stones: a survey of Spanish surgeons
BackgroundConcomitant gallstones and common bile duct stones (CBDS) is a relatively frequent presentation. The optimal treatment remains controversial and the debate persists between two strategies. The one-stage approach: laparoscopic cholecystectomy with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) has been shown to be equally safe and more cost-effective than the more traditional two-stage approach: endoscopic retrograde cholangiography followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ERCP + LC). However, many surgeons worldwide still prefer the two-stage procedure. This survey evaluated contemporary management of CBDS in Spain and assessed the impact of surgeon and hospital factors on provision of LCBDE.MethodsA 25-item, web-based anonymous survey was sent to general surgeons members of the Spanish Surgeons Association. Descriptive statistics were applied to summarize results.ResultsResponses from 305 surgeons across 173 Spanish hospitals were analyzed. ERCP is the initial approach for preoperatively suspected CBDS for 86% of surgeons. LCBDE is the preferred method for only 11% of surgeons and only 11% treat more than 10 cases per year. For CBDS discovered intraoperatively, 59% of respondents attempt extraction while 32% defer to a postoperative ERCP. The main reasons cited for not performing LCBDE were lack of equipment, training and timely availability of an ERCP proceduralist. Despite these barriers, most surgeons (84%) responded that LCBDE should be implemented in their departments.ConclusionsERCP was the preferred approach for CBDS for the majority of respondents. There remains limited use of LCBDE despite many surgeons indicating it should be implemented. Focused planning and resourcing of both training and operational demands are required to facilitate adoption of LCBDE as option for patients.
Journal Article
Circulating pyruvate is a potent prognostic marker for critical COVID-19 outcomes
Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) disease is driven by an unchecked immune response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus which alters host mitochondrial-associated mechanisms. Compromised mitochondrial health results in abnormal reprogramming of glucose metabolism, which can disrupt extracellular signalling. We hypothesized that examining mitochondrial energy-related signalling metabolites implicated in host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection would provide potential biomarkers for predicting the risk of severe COVID-19 illness.
We used a semi-targeted serum metabolomics approach in 273 patients with different severity grades of COVID-19 recruited at the acute phase of the infection to determine the relative abundance of tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle-related metabolites with known extracellular signaling properties (pyruvate, lactate, succinate and α-ketoglutarate). Abundance levels of energy-related metabolites were evaluated in a validation cohort (n=398) using quantitative fluorimetric assays.
Increased levels of four energy-related metabolites (pyruvate, lactate, a-ketoglutarate and succinate) were found in critically ill COVID-19 patients using semi-targeted and targeted approaches (p<0.05). The combined strategy proposed herein enabled us to establish that circulating pyruvate levels (p<0.001) together with body mass index (p=0.025), C-reactive protein (p=0.039), D-Dimer (p<0.001) and creatinine (p=0.043) levels, are independent predictors of critical COVID-19. Furthermore, classification and regression tree (CART) analysis provided a cut-off value of pyruvate in serum (24.54 µM; p<0.001) as an early criterion to accurately classify patients with critical outcomes.
Our findings support the link between COVID-19 pathogenesis and immunometabolic dysregulation, and show that fluorometric quantification of circulating pyruvate is a cost-effective clinical decision support tool to improve patient stratification and prognosis prediction.
Journal Article
Near infrared indocyanine green fluorescent cholangiography versus intraoperative cholangiography to improve safety in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstone disease—a systematic review protocol
Background
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the standard surgical approach in the treatment of cholelithiasis. Diverse surgical techniques and different imaging modalities have been described to evaluate the biliary anatomy and prevent or early detect bile duct injuries. X-ray intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) and near infrared indocyanine green fluorescent cholangiography (NIR-ICG) are safe and feasible techniques to assess biliary anatomy. The aim of this systematic review will be to evaluate if NIR-ICG can visualize extrahepatic biliary anatomy more efficiently and safer than IOC in minimally invasive cholecystectomy for gallstone disease.
Methods
Literature search will be performed via MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science Core Collection from 2009 to present. All randomized controlled clinical trials and prospective non-randomized controlled trials which report on comparison of NIR-ICG versus IOC will be included. All patients over 18 years old who require elective or urgent minimally invasive cholecystectomy (undergoing NIR-ICG during this procedure) due to gallstone disease both acute and chronic will be included. Since BDI has a low incidence, the primary outcome will be the ability to visualize extrahepatic biliary anatomy and the time to obtain relevant images of these structures.
Two researchers will individually screen the identified records, according to a list of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bias of the studies will be evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa score for non-randomized studies and with The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized controlled trials. Quality of evidence for all outcomes will be determined with the GRADE system. The data will be registered in a predesigned database. If selected studies are sufficiently homogeneous, we will perform a meta-analysis of reported results. In the event of a substantial heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis will be provided. Subgroup analysis will be used to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity.
Discussion
Understanding the benefits of this technique is critical to ensuring policymakers can make informed decisions as to where preventive efforts should be focused regarding specific imaging techniques. If ICG is proven to be faster and non-invasive, its routine use could be encouraged.
Systematic review registration
PROSPERO
CRD42020177991
.
Journal Article
New Insights of OLFM2 and OLFM4 in Gut-Liver Axis and Their Potential Involvement in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Olfactomedins (OLFMs) are a family of glycoproteins that play a relevant role in embryonic development and in some pathological processes. Although OLFM2 is involved in the regulation of the energy metabolism and OLFM4 is an important player in inflammation, innate immunity and cancer, the role of OLFMs in NAFLD-related intestinal dysbiosis remains unknown. In this study, we analysed the hepatic mRNA expression of OLFM2 and the jejunal expression of OLFM4 in a well-established cohort of women with morbid obesity (MO), classified according to their hepatic histology into normal liver (n = 27), simple steatosis (n = 26) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, n = 16). Our results showed that OLFM2 hepatic mRNA was higher in NASH, in advanced degrees of steatosis and in the presence of lobular inflammation. Additionally, we obtained positive correlations between hepatic OLFM2 and glucose, cholesterol, trimethylamine N-oxide and deoxycholic acid levels and hepatic fatty acid synthase, and negative associations with weight and jejunal Toll-like receptors (TLR4) and TLR5 expression. Regarding jejunal OLFM4, we observed positive correlations with circulating interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, IL-17 and jejunal TLR9. In conclusion, OLFM2 in the liver seems to play a relevant role in NAFLD progression, while OLFM4 in the jejunum could be involved in gut dysbiosis-related inflammatory events.
Journal Article