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Flow control on a squareback object which resembles many engineering related objects is believed to be highly beneficial. One of the flow characteristics behind the object, recirculating bubble, is known to play significant role in pressure distribution. Meanwhile, plasma actuator implementation on such object is still underdeveloped in application basis. This paper focuses on acquiring a deeper understanding of plasma actuator effect on flow phenomenon behind a squareback object, especially on its application to recirculating bubble control in order to reduce drag. The experiment was divided into drag measurement experiment and visualization experiment. The drag measurement result shows that plasma actuator succeeded on reducing drag up to 15.36% in the lowest Reynolds number. Meanwhile, the visualization experiment shows that plasma actuator has shifted the recirculating bubble position to be closer to the object’s wall.

IntroductionThe abrupt transition of the mode of learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an increase in complaints of musculoskeletal (MSK) discomfort among students in Higher Education Institutions (HEI). Inadequate physical space and equipment are one major cause of these complaints. Among HEIs, physical therapy (PT) students have sufficient background in managing MSK discomforts. However, this does not prevent them from experiencing pain and discomfort during online classes. This analytical cross-sectional study aims to determine the correlation between ergonomic knowledge and MSK discomfort among first-year to fourth-year PT students.Methods and analysisThe study will use two questionnaires, the Ergonomic Knowledge Questionnaire, and the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire, that determine the level of ergonomic knowledge and MSK discomfort, respectively. This will be disseminated to 144 students through google forms. Results will then be analysed using Pearson Correlation Test. The study anticipates a correlation between the level of ergonomic knowledge and MSK discomfort among the participants.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the University of Santo Tomas-College of Rehabilitation Sciences Ethics Review Committee. The participants will receive the results prior to publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.Trial registration numberPhilippine Health Research Registry with registry ID PHRR230216-005443.

Fluidic oscillators are used to overcome fluid flow separation on the upper side of the airfoil. The AoA chosen is for stall conditions, namely 16°, 18° and 20°. The type of fluidic oscillator used is a two-feedback channel fluidic oscillator. The chosen element is a triangle because it is easy to implement in complex geometries such as fluidic oscillators. The algorithm used is PISO. The governing equation for solving problems is URANS. URANS is then combined with the k-omega SST turbulence model. A low Reynolds number of 48000 was chosen to simulate the NACA 0015 airfoil. This Reynolds number is calculated based on the chord length of the airfoil. Variations were also made to the fluidic oscillator velocity-inlet value. The velocity-inlet variations given are 25 m/s, 35 m/s, and 45 m/s. The increase in Cl will be more significant if the selected inlet velocity is higher. At an inlet velocity of 45 m/s, the average increase produced was 38.53%. Double FO experienced an increase of 21.99%. Drag reduction is another parameter used to assess the aerodynamic performance of an airfoil. The average drag reduction for a velocity-inlet of 45 m/s is 12.54%. Double FO produces an average drag reduction of 6.80%.

This book offers an analysis of the threats facing the UK and its policy responses, presented under the framework of the Government's National Security Strategy. It contains opinions from leading figures across relevant agencies, including the National Security Council and members of ACPO, as well as case studies.

Emergency department (ED) patients with symptoms of cardiac ischemia often require a second cardiac troponin (cTn) measurement to rule out non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. We measured the total turnaround time and the component event times following the ordering of the second cTn level to ED discharge to identify root causes of delays. We reviewed a random sample of ED discharges following a second normal cTn measurement and recorded associated event times. The central tendency of time intervals is reported as median and mean number of minutes with interquartile ranges (IQRs) and 95% confidence intervals, respectively. From 9,656 eligible cases, we randomly selected 226 for data collection. The median number of minutes for each event are as follows: from ordering the second cTn measurement to the time of ED discharge was 90 minutes (IQR 65-120); for blood collection from the time the collection was ordered for was 0 minutes (IQR -12-0); from blood collection to the time the blood was transported to the laboratory was 9 minutes (IQR 2-19); laboratory process duration was 44 minutes (IQR 39-52); from when the results were available to the time the patient was discharged was 30 minutes (IQR 15-52). For ED patients discharged following two normal cTn levels, the laboratory processing time and time from the result being available to the time of ED discharge represent the longest modifiable time periods to reduce ED length of stay.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present AgProfit™ as a tool for users to assess economic risks associated with adoption of new technologies or production practices in production agriculture.Design methodology approach - This paper presents the AgProfit™ software program, its approach to capital investment analysis and demonstrates the program use by developing a scenario for analysis and discusses the process and results of the analysis.Findings - AgProfit™ was developed to assist growers in understanding the risks associated with technology adoption. The example presented in this paper demonstrates the value of the software program as a decision-making tool on the complex question of how many acres are required for an economically beneficial adoption of a new technology. Thus, with this software program, a grower can base investment decisions on the net present value and internal rates of return on an investment rather than a sales pitch or \"gut\" feeling.Originality value - AgProfit™ is a recently developed software program that fills a void in available decision tools, providing users with the ability to assess the profitability and feasibility of production investment decisions.

Acini Structures deform for a variety of reasons. The primary focus of this paper is to generate a model to help understand how the weakening of the Nucleoskeletal-Cytoskeletal (N-C) connections in one or more cells impacts the overall structural stability. These changes happen during Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and the disruption of the Linker of Nucleoskeleton to Cytoskeleton Complex (LINC). The simulations show that structures with cells that have weakened nucleoskeletal-cytoskeletal attachments (WNCA cells) have significant changes in structural circularity, cellular circularity, and the number of cell-cell adhesions that, when taken together, indicate a decrease in structural stability. These visual changes could then be used as markers of N-C damage and disease progression.

The fire safety system is an important component that controls material and immaterial losses. Fire disasters are generally indicated by the appearance of excess smoke and changes in temperature, pressure, and changes in other parameters in the environment. Conventional smoke sensors are limited in reading parameter changes around their environment, making them less effective in early fire detection. This study aims to design a smoke detection system as an early fire detection system, using sensor fusion based on deep learning using the recursive feature elimination method with cross-validation (RFECV) using a random forest classifier used to select optimal parameters from public datasets as the basis for determining the sensor to be used. Based on the RFECV optimal feature, a deep learning algorithm was performed and obtained an accuracy of 0.99, a precision of 0.99, a recall of 1.00, and an F1 score of 0.99, with a latency time of 34.02 μs, which is 71.76% times faster than the original model.

In Buddhist discourse, the term anumodanā(suixi隨喜) refers to a practitioner’s expression of joy at the teachings of the Buddhadharmaand at their fruition, either for others or oneself, in karmicmerit and other spiritual achievements. Whereas this emotional-cum-ritualtrope is prevalent across a wide array of Buddhist texts and practices, it receives remarkably emphatic treatment in the Lotus Sūtra,a Mahāyāna Buddhist scripture which became arguably the most popular Buddhist text in East Asia following its first Chinese translations in the third and fifth centuries CE. This dissertation investigates the Lotus Sūtra’s specific configuration of anumodanā, along with the elaboration of this trope by its early Chinese devotees. On one hand, it demonstrates how the Lotus Sūtramarshals a host of literary strategies to both solicit the joyful response of its reader or hearer and present the wonderment and joy of anumodanā at its own teachings as the very foundation of Buddhist piety and one’s future buddhahood. On the other, it considers how the Lotus Sūtra’s vivid “affective regime”— its demand for its audiences’ performance of anumodanā—may have been registered, reiterated, and developed by its medieval Chinese devotees, and thus how it may have played into the exceptional popularity of this scripture in medieval China. It finds particularly revealing evidence of this elaboration in the extensive corpus of popular miracle tales used to propagate faith in the Lotus Sūtraamong Chinese laypeople from the fourth to ninth centuries. These tales use their own array of literary techniques to invite their audiences’ wonderment and joy at the scripture, as well as invaluably demonstrating how medieval Chinese Buddhists (ideally) incorporated anumodanā into their religious lives. Ultimately, this dissertation argues that the Lotus Sūtra’s own forceful invocation of anumodanā—its affective regime—was self-consciously elaborated by and for its medieval Chinese audiences as a particularly potent vehicle of Buddhist transmission and cult formation. It thus suggests that we consider more sensitively the roles affect may have played in Buddhism’s history in China.

The increase in FO frequency due to the use of BFS is accompanied by an increase in pressure losses. The study was conducted using the URANS governing equation and the SST k-ω turbulence model. Double BFS exhibited the highest frequency, with an average increase of 25.78% over the prototype. In contrast, the average frequency increases of single and triple BFS were 20.29% and 19.6%, respectively. The frequency increase is influenced by the momentum of the backflow in the feedback channel. Double BFS had a lower pressure loss than the prototype model, with 4.54% reduction. The average pressure loss of the single BFS model was 24.9% higher than that of the prototype model, whereas the triple BFS model showed a 0.039% increase. The pressure loss is influenced by the recirculation bubble in the FO chamber. Nondimensional analysis using Strouhal and Euler numbers also showed that double BFS exhibited the best performance. The prototype model and single BFS had a velocity profile shape that is closer to a homogeneous shape. The double and triple BFS exhibited a velocity profile shape that is closer to the bifurcated jet shape. Bifurcated jets, which exhibit a wider spread, are characteristic of oscillatory flows. Thus, it can be concluded that the double BFS FO is more recommended.