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"Julian, Paul"
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Getting the science right to protect and restore our environment. A critique of Lapointe et al. (2019) Nitrogen enrichment, altered stoichiometry, and coral reef decline at Looe Key, Florida Keys, USA: a 3-decade study
Eutrophication of coastal ecosystems and decline of essential benthic ecosystems are growing concerns globally. Understanding the drivers associated with a response of an indicator species at an ecosystem or even regional-scale hinges on a robust evaluation of data that spans both space and time. Consistent data, suitable and methodical data-handling procedures, appropriate statistical evaluation and logical assessment of hypotheses are essential. Lapointe et al. (Mar Biol 166:108, 2019) suggest that decline of stony coral at Looe Key reef is attributed to local and regional (i.e., discharge > 200 km away) nutrient discharges causing eutrophication of coastal waters and the degradation of essential habitat. Furthermore, Lapointe et al. (Mar Biol 166:108, 2019) posit that the restored freshwater flows to the Everglades ecosystem is a causative agent for the observed coral decline observed at Looe Key Reef. While the decline in coral coverage is alarming, rigorous statistical analysis is needed to attribute a true cause-and-effect relationship. This commentary discusses data handling techniques, the application of statistical methods, interoperability of data and evaluation of hypotheses presented by Lapointe et al. (Mar Biol 166:108, 2019) specific to Looe Key reef within the Florida Key Marine Sanctuary. This commentary is not merely a critique of the statistics used by the authors but rather the inappropriate statistical methods utilized and how it affects the acceptance or rejection of the authors’ hypotheses and the overall conclusions drawn.
Journal Article
Spanish lessons
Though unjustly neglected by English-language audiences, Spanish film and television not only represent a remarkably influential and vibrant cultural industry they are also a fertile site of innovation in the production of \"transmedia\" works that bridge narrative forms. In Spanish Lessons, Paul Julian Smith provides an engaging exploration of visual culture in an era of collapsing genre boundaries, accelerating technological change, and political-economic tumult. Whether generating new insights into the work of key figures like Pedro Almodovar, comparing media depictions of Spain's economic woes, or giving long-overdue critical attention to quality television series, Smith's book is a consistently lively and accessible cultural investigation.Spanish Lessons provides an engaging exploration of the nation's visual culture in an era of collapsing genre boundaries, accelerating technological change, and political-economic tumult.
eBook
The Science and Philosophy of the Brain and the Future of Neuroscience
The future of neuroscience is epitomized in this Special Issue of Biology, titled \"Representations and Distributions of Higher Brain Functions at a Functional, Anatomical, and Neuronal Level\" [...].The future of neuroscience is epitomized in this Special Issue of Biology, titled \"Representations and Distributions of Higher Brain Functions at a Functional, Anatomical, and Neuronal Level\" [...].
Journal Article
Disturbance legacies increase and synchronize nutrient concentrations and bacterial productivity in coastal ecosystems
Long-term ecological research can resolve effects of disturbance on ecosystem dynamics by capturing the scale of disturbance and interactions with environmental changes. To quantify how disturbances interact with long-term directional changes (sea-level rise, freshwater restoration), we studied 17 yr of monthly dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and phosphorus (TP) concentrations and bacterioplankton productivity across freshwater-to-marine estuary gradients exposed to multiple disturbance events (e.g., droughts, fire, hurricanes, and low-temperature anomalies) and long-term increases in water levels. By studying two neighboring drainages that differ in hydrologic connectivity, we additionally tested how disturbance legacies are shaped by hydrologic connectivity. We predicted that disturbance events would interact with long-term increases in water levels in freshwater and marine ecosystems to increase spatiotemporal similarity (i.e., synchrony) of organic matter, nutrients, and microbial activities. Wetlands along the larger, deeper, and tidally influenced Shark River Slough (SRS) drainage had higher and more variable DOC, TN, and TP concentrations than wetlands along the smaller, shallower, tidally restricted Taylor River Slough/Panhandle (TS/Ph) drainage. Along SRS, DOC concentrations declined with proximity to coast, and increased in magnitude and variability following drought and flooding in 2015 and a hurricane in 2017. Along TS/Ph, DOC concentrations varied by site (higher in marine than freshwater wetlands) but not year. In both drainages, increases in TN from upstream freshwater marshes occurred following fire in 2008 and droughts in 2010 and 2015, whereas downstream increases in TP occurred with coastal storm surge from hurricanes in 2005 and 2017. Decreases in DOC:TN and DOC:TP were explained by increased TN and TP. Increases in bacterioplankton productivity occurred throughout both drainages following low-temperature events (2010 and 2011) and a hurricane (2017). Long-term TN and TP concentrations and bacterioplankton productivity were correlated (r > 0.5) across a range of sampling distances (1–50 km), indicating spatiotemporal synchrony. DOC concentrations were not synchronized across space or time. Our study advances disturbance ecology theory by illustrating how disturbance events interact with long-term environmental changes and hydrologic connectivity to determine the magnitude and extent of disturbance legacies. Understanding disturbance legacies will enhance prediction and enable more effective management of rapidly changing ecosystems.
Journal Article