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"Jun Li"
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Procyanidin A1 Alleviates Inflammatory Response induced by LPS through NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways in RAW264.7 cells
Inflammation is a complex physiological process that poses a serious threat to people’s health. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of inflammation are still not clear. Moreover, there is lack of effective anti-inflammatory drugs that meet the clinical requirement. Procyanidin A1 (PCA1) is a monomer component isolated from Procyanidin and shows various pharmacological activities. This study further demonstrated the regulatory role of PCA1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory response and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. Our data showed that PCA1 dramatically attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as NO, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells administrated with LPS. PCA1 blocked IκB-α degradation, inhibited IKKα/β and IκBα phosphorylation, and suppressed nuclear translocation of p65 in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. PCA1 also suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK1/2, p38, and ERK1/2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, PCA1 increased the expression of HO-1, reduced the expression of Keap1, and promoted Nrf2 into the nuclear in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Cellular thermal shift assay indicated that PCA1 bond to TLR4. Meanwhile, PCA1 inhibited the production of intracellular ROS and alleviated the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential
in vitro
. Collectively, our data indicated that PCA1 exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory effect, suggesting that it is a potential agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Journal Article
Rapid and Repeated Climate Adaptation Involving Chromosome Inversions following Invasion of an Insect
Abstract
Following invasion, insects can become adapted to conditions experienced in their invasive range, but there are few studies on the speed of adaptation and its genomic basis. Here, we examine a small insect pest, Thrips palmi, following its contemporary range expansion across a sharp climate gradient from the subtropics to temperate areas. We first found a geographically associated population genetic structure and inferred a stepping-stone dispersal pattern in this pest from the open fields of southern China to greenhouse environments of northern regions, with limited gene flow after colonization. In common garden experiments, both the field and greenhouse groups exhibited clinal patterns in thermal tolerance as measured by critical thermal maximum (CTmax) closely linked with latitude and temperature variables. A selection experiment reinforced the evolutionary potential of CTmax with an estimated h2 of 6.8% for the trait. We identified 3 inversions in the genome that were closely associated with CTmax, accounting for 49.9%, 19.6%, and 8.6% of the variance in CTmax among populations. Other genomic variations in CTmax outside the inversion region were specific to certain populations but functionally conserved. These findings highlight rapid adaptation to CTmax in both open field and greenhouse populations and reiterate the importance of inversions behaving as large-effect alleles in climate adaptation.
Journal Article
Temperature sensing based on slow light via stimulated Brillouin scattering in M-shaped few-mode fiber
This study investigates temperature sensing based on slow light generation via stimulated Brillouin scattering in an M-shaped few-mode fiber. The temperature-dependent properties of four optical modes (LP 01 , LP 11 , LP 21 , and LP 02 ) over a range from –20 °C to 80 °C are analyzed using the full-vectorial finite element method. Results show that the effective refractive index and Brillouin frequency shift of all modes increase with temperature, while the effective mode areas of all modes decrease. The LP 02 mode exhibits exceptional temperature sensitivity, showing a significant rise in slow light time delay from 0 ns to 514.9 ns, along with a growth in the pulse broadening factor. In contrast, the LP 01 mode maintains the largest time delay across the temperature range but shows less temperature-induced variation. The results demonstrate a trade-off between slow light enhancement (time delay) and signal distortion (pulse broadening). This study confirms that the LP 02 mode in the M-shaped few-mode fiber is highly suitable for developing sensitive fiber-optic temperature sensors, providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing slow light applications in sensing.
Journal Article
Effectiveness of Different Telerehabilitation Strategies on Pain and Physical Function in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, degenerative bone and joint disease. It can lead to major pressure to the quality of life and mental health of patients, and also brings a serious economic burden to society. However, it is difficult for patients with knee OA to access rehabilitation when discharging from the hospital. Internet-based rehabilitation is one of the promising telemedicine strategies for the improvement of knee OA, but the effect of different telerehabilitation strategies on knee OA is not clear.
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify telerehabilitation strategies attributing to the improvement of pain and physical function outcomes in patients with knee OA.
We reviewed and analyzed telerehabilitation strategies from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing telerehabilitation with conventional treatment or usual care. For each strategy, we examined whether RCTs that applied the telerehabilitation strategy resulted in a significant improvement in pain or physical function compared with conventional treatment or usual care.
We included 6 RCTs (n=734) incorporating 8 different telerehabilitation strategies. The duration of the interventions ranged from 1 to 48 weeks, and sample sizes ranged from 20 to 350 patients. The results showed that RCTs that provided telerehabilitation were found to be more effective than conventional treatments for improving pain (P=.003; standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.21, 95% CI -0.35 to -0.07), but not physical function (P=.24; SMD -0.09, 95% CI -0.25 to 0.06). Furthermore, this systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that there is no significant correlation between different telerehabilitation strategies and the pain and physical function of patients with knee OA.
This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that telerehabilitation programs could relieve pain but not improve physical function for patients with knee OA. These results indicated that telerehabilitation is beneficial for the implementation of home rehabilitation exercises for patients with knee OA, thereby reducing the economic burden of health. However, there were limitations in terms of the number of search results and the number of studies that were eligible for this review and meta-analysis. Therefore, the results need to be interpreted with caution, and more high-quality studies with large samples are needed to focus on the long-term outcomes of telerehabilitation for patients with knee OA to address this limitation.
Journal Article
Adaptive diffusion models for overcoming data scarcity in long-distance face recognition
Long-distance Face Recognition (FR) poses significant challenges due to image degradation and limited training data, particularly in surveillance and security applications where facial images are captured at substantial distances with reduced resolution and quality. This research work introduces Face-Aware Diffusion (FADiff), a novel Adaptive Diffusion Model (ADM) specifically designed to overcome data scarcity and enhance FR performance in long-distance scenarios. The proposed model integrates three core network elements: a Face Condition Embedding Module (FCEM) based on ArcFace-trained ResNet101 with MLP-Mixer for identity-preserving conditioning; a Face-Aware Initial Estimator (FAIE) using modified SwinIR with hierarchical attention for structural initialization; and an ADM with Feature-wise Linear Modulation (FiLM) for high-fidelity, identity-consistent facial reconstruction. FADiff addresses the vital challenge of maintaining facial detection while enhancing image quality through a multi-stage training model that enables stable convergence and superior performance compared to end-to-end alternatives. Comprehensive evaluation on the WIDER-FACE dataset demonstrates FADiff’s substantial improvements over
state-of-the-art
methods, achieving 27.84 dB PSNR, 0.821 SSIM, 0.743 ArcFace similarity, and 0.612 detection AP@0.5 on the challenging Hard subset, representing improvements of 6.3%, 6.9%, 7.1%, and 11.9% over the best baseline method, DiffBIR. Statistical significance testing across 1000 test images confirms highly significant improvements (
p
< 0.001) with large effect sizes, while ablation studies validate the requirement of each model component. The model proves excellent scalability across multiple resolutions, achieving higher performance in extreme 4 × upscaling scenarios (32 × 32 → 128 × 128) with a PSNR of 25.71 dB, compared to 23.84 dB for DiffBIR. Computational efficiency analysis reveals the practical training requirements (24.7 h, 16.3 GB peak memory) and practical implication performance (189 ms at 128 × 128 resolution), making FADiff suitable for real-world deployment in surveillance and security applications where quality and computational constraints are critical.
Journal Article
A cross-dehydrogenative C(sp3)−H heteroarylation via photo-induced catalytic chlorine radical generation
Hydrogen atom abstraction (HAT) from C(
sp
3
)–H bonds of naturally abundant alkanes for alkyl radical generation represents a promising yet underexplored strategy in the alkylation reaction designs since involving stoichiometric oxidants, excessive alkane loading, and limited scope are common drawbacks. Here we report a photo-induced and chemical oxidant-free cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) between alkanes and heteroarenes using catalytic chloride and cobalt catalyst. Couplings of strong C(
sp
3
)–H bond-containing substrates and complex heteroarenes, have been achieved with satisfactory yields. This dual catalytic platform features the in situ engendered chlorine radical for alkyl radical generation and exploits the cobaloxime catalyst to enable the hydrogen evolution for catalytic turnover. The practical value of this protocol was demonstrated by the gram-scale synthesis of alkylated heteroarene with merely 3 equiv. alkane loading.
Hydrogen atom abstraction from C(
sp
3
)–H bonds of naturally abundant alkanes for alkyl radical generation represents a promising yet underexplored strategy in the alkylation reaction designs. Here the authors show a photo-induced and chemical oxidant-free cross-dehydrogenative coupling between alkanes and heteroarenes using catalytic chloride and cobalt catalyst.
Journal Article