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"Jung, C."
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mRNAs and lncRNAs intrinsically form secondary structures with short end-to-end distances
The 5′ and 3′ termini of RNA play important roles in many cellular processes. Using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), we show that mRNAs and lncRNAs have an intrinsic propensity to fold in the absence of proteins into structures in which the 5′ end and 3′ end are ≤7 nm apart irrespective of mRNA length. Computational estimates suggest that the inherent proximity of the ends is a universal property of most mRNA and lncRNA sequences. Only guanosine-depleted RNA sequences with low sequence complexity are unstructured and exhibit end-to-end distances expected for the random coil conformation of RNA. While the biological implications remain to be explored, short end-to-end distances could facilitate the binding of protein factors that regulate translation initiation by bridging mRNA 5′ and 3′ ends. Furthermore, our studies provide the basis for measuring, computing and manipulating end-to-end distances and secondary structure in RNA in research and biotechnology.
It was previously suggested that formation of RNA secondary structure tends to bring the 5′ and 3′ ends of RNA into close proximity. Here the authors use experimental and computational approaches to show that mRNAs and lncRNAs have an intrinsic propensity to fold into structures in which the 5′ end and 3′ end are ≤7 nm apart irrespective of length.
Journal Article
The relationship between weight history and psychological health—Differences related to gender and weight loss patterns
The prevalence and burden of obesity continues to grow worldwide. Psychological comorbidities may not only influence quality of life, but may also hinder successful weight loss. The causality between excess weight and mental health issues is still not fully understood. The aim of the study was to investigate whetherweight history parameters, (ie.age of onset) are related to psychological comorbidities.
The data were derived from a representative telephone survey in Germany, collecting information on weight loss patterns and mental health outcomes among individuals with BMI>30kg/m2. Overall, 787 participants were examined in terms of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, GAD7). In addition, participants were asked about different aspects of their weight history (ie. weight loss patterns and trajectories) over the lifespan. The relationship between weight history and mental health was analyzed using multivariate statistics.
According to regression analyses, having had more weight loss attempts, a greater weight loss being desired and being a \"weight maintainer\" was associated with more symptoms of depression (p < 0.001), whereas a greater desired weight loss and being categorized as a \"weight maintainer\" was associated with more anxiety (p < 0.001). Moroever, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in male individuals who desire to lose more weight or had more weight loss attempts in the past.
Gender-specific differences were observed in terms of weight history parameters, as well as mental health outcomes. Especially for men, weight loss patterns seem to be related to depressive symptoms. Concerning the overall results, it becomes clear that screening for weight history at the beginning of a multidisciplinary weight loss program in the context of gender-specific psychological comorbidities is important. The question remains why some aspects of weight history seem to be more important than others.
Journal Article
Context factors in clinical decision-making: a scoping review
Background
Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) frequently exhibit insufficient contextual adaptation, diminishing user engagement. To enhance the sensitivity of CDSS to contextual conditions, it is crucial first to develop a comprehensive understanding of the context factors influencing the clinical decision-making process. Therefore, this study aims to systematically identify and provide an extensive overview of contextual factors affecting clinical decision-making from the literature, enabling their consideration in the future implementation of CDSS.
Methods
A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines to identify context factors in the clinical decision-making process. Searches were performed across nine databases: PubMed, APA PsycInfo, APA PsyArticles, PSYINDEX, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and LIVIVO. The search strategy focused on combined terms related to contextual factors and clinical decision-making. Included articles were original research articles written in English or German that involved empirical investigations related to clinical decision-making. The identified context factors were categorized using the card sorting method to ensure accurate classification.
Results
The data synthesis included 84 publications, from which 946 context factors were extracted. These factors were assigned to six primary entities through card sorting: patient, physician, patient’s family, institution, colleagues, and disease treatment. The majority of the identified context factors pertained to individual characteristics of the patient, such as health status and demographic attributes, as well as individual characteristics of the physician, including demographic data, skills, and knowledge.
Conclusion
This study provides a comprehensive overview of context factors in clinical decision-making previously investigated in the literature, highlighting the complexity and diversity of contextual influences on the decision-making process. By offering a detailed foundation of identified context factors, this study paves the way for future research to develop more effective, context-sensitive CDSS, enhancing personalized medicine and optimizing clinical outcomes with implications for practice and policy.
Journal Article
علم النفس التحليلي 1 / 2
يعرض الكتاب مفاهيم يونغ الأساسية مثل اللاوعي الجمعي، الأنيما والأنيموس، الذات، والظل، ويوضح الفرق بين اللاشعور الشخصي واللاشعور الجمعي، يناقش دور الرموز والأحلام في فهم النفس، ويبرز أهمية التحليل الفردي في تحقيق التوازن النفسي، الكتاب يظهر كيف يسهم علم النفس التحليلي في فهم الشخصية والنمو الداخلي عبر الاندماج مع مكونات النفس غير الواعية.
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The impact of BMI on psychological health in oldest old individuals–Are there differences between women and men?
The aim of this study was to determine the association of mental health issues associated with BMI and gender in the oldest old population (secondary data analyses).
The data were taken from the second follow-up of a long-term study investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health in oldest old individuals (range: 77-96 years). The response rate was 80.0%. Apart from sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, weight and height); anxiety, depression, somatic complaints and social support were assessed in this survey.
Analyses revealed gender-specific differences, indicating that male participants with excess weight show more complaints compared to their counterparts without excess weight. According to regression results, BMI was associated with somatization, but not depression or anxiety.
High BMI contributed to more somatic complaints and men may be affected differently by BMI regarding their mental well-being. Longitudinal results are needed in order to confirm these findings and develop suitable interventions based on individual needs of the oldest old.
Journal Article
Treadmill belt accelerations may not accurately replicate kinematic responses to tripping on an obstacle in older people
Treadmill belt perturbations have high clinical feasibility for use in perturbation-based training in older people, but their kinematic validity is unclear. This study examined the kinematic validity of treadmill belt accelerations as a surrogate for overground walkway trips during gait in older people.
Thirty-eight community-dwelling older people were exposed to two unilateral belt accelerations (8 m s-2) whilst walking on a split-belt treadmill and two trips induced by a 14 cm trip-board whilst walking on a walkway with condition presentation randomised. Anteroposterior margin of stability (MoS), number of falls, and trunk and lower limb kinematics were quantified for the step prior and five recovery steps following the treadmill perturbations and the walkway trips which elicited elevating and lowering strategies.
Rates of falls following the treadmill accelerations and walkway trips were 0% and 13.1%, respectively. MoS was similar during the first recovery step (P>0.05) but less negative during subsequent recovery steps following treadmill belt accelerations than walkway trips (P<0.01) regardless of recovery strategy. Excluding the first recovery step in the lowering strategy, recovery step lengths, toe clearance, maximum trunk, hip and knee angles (P<0.05) were smaller during recovery on the treadmill compared to the walkway.
Destabilisation by treadmill belt accelerations quickly dissipated after only one recovery step but continued for multiple recovery steps following walkway trips. Smaller trunk displacement, step lengths, toe clearance and no falls on the treadmill indicate treadmill belt accelerations may not accurately simulate the biomechanical challenge of obstacle-induced trips in older people.
Journal Article