Explore the vast range of titles available.

We examine whether firms use social media to strategically disseminate financial information. Analyzing S&P 1500 firms' use of Twitter to disseminate quarterly earnings announcements, we find that firms are less likely to disseminate when the news is bad and when the magnitude of the bad news is worse, consistent with strategic behavior. Furthermore, firms tend to send fewer earnings announcement tweets and \"rehash\" tweets when the news is bad. Cross-sectional analyses suggest that incentives for strategic dissemination are higher for firms with a lower level of investor sophistication and firms with a larger social media audience. We also find that strategic dissemination behavior is detectable in high litigation risk firms, but not low litigation risk firms. Finally, we find that the tweeting of bad news and the subsequent retweeting of that news by a firm's followers are associated with more negative news articles written about the firm by the traditional media, highlighting a potential downside to Twitter dissemination.

Anesthesiologists have a high prevalence of burnout with adverse effects on professionalism and safety. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of an interactive anesthesiology educational program on the wellness of anesthesia providers and their children, as assessed by a modified Professional Fulfillment Index. Prospective observational study. Perioperative area. Thirty clinicians participated in the program. Twenty respondents, representing 67% of participants and each corresponding to a parent and their child or children, completed the post-event survey. An interactive anesthesiology educational program incorporating children, between the ages of five and eighteen years old, of anesthesia providers was held in the perioperative area. The program was held over four hours and was comprised of four sessions including pediatric anesthesia, neuroanesthesia, airway, and ultrasound stations. Anesthesia providers and their children were administered a post-event assessment, including a modified Professional Fulfillment Index and satisfaction survey. All twenty (100%) of respondents indicated it was “very true” or “completely true” that their child was happy with the program, and that it was worthwhile and satisfying to both the anesthesia provider and their child. Nineteen (95%) of reporting participants indicated it was “very true” or “completely true” that it was meaningful to have the department host such a program and 17 (85%) respondents felt their child now better understands the anesthesia work of the parent. All clinician volunteers indicated it was “very true” or “completely true” that they were contributing professionally during the program in ways that they valued most. An interactive educational wellness initiative provides an effective and feasible method for increasing professional fulfillment and satisfaction among anesthesia providers while educating our youngest generation of learners. Implementation of such a program may also occur with modifications such as televideo to maintain COVID-19 precautions. •Physician burnout is highly prevalent in the field of anesthesiology.•Evidence-based initiatives to promote wellness and combat burnout are limited.•A wellness interactive educational program including children was evaluated.•Implementation of such a program may improve fulfillment in anesthesiologists.•Modifications such as televideo may enable precaution-abiding implementation.

Correspondence to Dr Michael J Jung; michael.jung.md.mba@gmail.com We read with great interest the recently published guidelines by Provenzano et al, ‘ASRA Pain Medicine consensus practice infection control guidelines for regional anesthesia and pain medicine’, which provided a comprehensive review of infection prevention strategies in our field.1 We noted, however, the absence of discussion regarding the role of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in infection prevention, such as in implantable therapies. There is high-quality evidence supporting the use of NPWT dressings to reduce surgical site infections (SSIs).2 3 This evidence includes a Cochrane systematic review titled ‘NPWT for surgical wounds healing by primary closure’ by Norman et al, which analyzed 7447 patients in 44 randomized controlled trials and 5 economic studies.2 The findings indicate with moderate-certainty evidence that surgical wounds treated prophylactically with NPWT experience fewer SSIs than those treated with standard dressings. MJJ, AS, CC and SP made substantial contributions to the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data for the work; drafting the work and reviewing it critically for important intellectual content; final approval of the version to be published and agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

I develop and test an investor demand-driven explanation for why one firm’s change in voluntary disclosure behavior is emulated by some firms in the industry but not others. I focus on the overlap in institutional investor ownership between two firms as a mechanism by which a first-mover firm’s increase in disclosure prompts investors to seek a similar increase from a follower firm. Using 10-K market risk disclosures as my empirical setting, I find that a firm’s decision to follow a first mover in providing more quantitative information than is required by the SEC is positively associated with an increase in investor overlap from the prior year. I also find that the association is stronger for overlap in large institutional investors, consistent with their greater influence over managers, and for firms where investor uncertainty is high. This association is found after controlling for the herding effect documented in prior studies and after addressing potential endogeneity concerns. Overall, this evidence provides new insight into patterns of intra-industry disclosure behavior and highlights investor overlap as a communication channel and feedback mechanism that helps facilitate the diffusion of disclosure practices.

Conference presentations differ from other voluntary disclosures in that the audience for the disclosure is co-located with managers in a well-defined physical and social setting, or \"disclosure milieu.\" The milieu affects the degree to which conference participants can update their prior beliefs about the firm with information signals obtained through interactions with management and other informed participants. While the average abnormal stock return and volume reactions to presentations are positive, there is a great deal of cross-sectional variation as indicated by negative median reactions. We find that conference characteristics that determine the nature of the audience and its interactions, such as sponsor, location, size, and industry-focus, are significantly associated with the market reaction, consistent with the disclosure milieu explaining the cross-sectional variation in the information content of the presentation. We also find that conference characteristics explain changes in subsequent analyst and institutional investor following, consistent with the disclosure milieu creating differences in access to management by potential new investors and analysts.

Companies' earnings conference calls are perceived to be venues for sell-side equity analysts to ask management questions. In this study, we examine another important conference call participant—the buy-side analyst—that has been underexplored in the literature due to data limitations. Using a large sample of transcripts, we identify 3,834 buy-side analysts from 701 institutional investment firms who participated (i.e., asked a question) in 13,332 conference calls to examine the determinants and implications of their participation. Buy-side analysts are more likely to participate when sell-side analyst coverage is low and dispersion in sell-side earnings forecasts is high, consistent with buy-side analysts participating when a company's information environment is poor. Institutional investors trade more of a company's stock in the quarters in which their buy-side analysts participate in the call. Finally, we find evidence that buy-side analyst participation is associated with company-level absolute changes in future stock price, trading volume, institutional ownership, and short interest.

Radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN), also known as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), is a common interventional procedure used to treat pain from an innervated structure. RFN has historically been used to treat chronic facet-joint mediated pain. The use of RFN has more recently expanded beyond facet-joint mediated pain to peripherally innervated targets. In addition, there has also been the emergence of different radiofrequency modalities, including pulsed and cooled RFN. The use of RFN has been particularly important where conservative and/or surgical measures have failed to provide pain relief. With the emergence of this therapeutic option and its novel applications, the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) identified the need for formal evidence-based guidance. The authors formed a multidisciplinary work group tasked to examine the latest evidence-based medicine for the various applications of RFN, including cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine; posterior sacroiliac joint pain; hip and knee joints; and occipital neuralgia. Best practice guidelines, evidence and consensus grading were provided for each anatomical target. Keywords: radiofrequency neurotomy, radiofrequency ablation, pulsed ablation, cooled ablation, sacroiliac joint neurotomy, peripheral joint neurotomy, occipital neuralgia, chronic pain

BackgroundCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) dynamics are complex and changes in spinal anatomy may influence the rostrocaudal movement of intrathecal medications. We present the first reported case demonstrating that acute cervical spinal stenosis may impede the distribution of adjacent intrathecal medications, and that correction of such stenosis and the resulting changes in CSF flow may necessitate significant adjustments in the intrathecal infusates.Case presentationWe present a case of a 60-year-old male patient with a cervicothoracic intrathecal pump (ITP) infusing morphine, bupivacaine, and baclofen for chronic neck pain. The alert and oriented patient had a recent fall resulting in an acute severe cervical stenosis and cord compression which required urgent surgical decompression. Postoperatively, after the cervical decompression, the patient had significant altered mental status requiring a naloxone infusion. Multiple attempts to reduce the naloxone infusion were initially not successful due to worsened somnolence. The previously tolerated ITP medications were continuously reduced over the next 14 days, allowing concomitant decrease and eventual cessation of the naloxone infusion while maintaining patient mental status. The only opioids the patient received during this period were from the ITP.ConclusionsThis case presents clinical evidence that severe spinal stenosis may impede the rostral CSF distribution of intrathecal medications. Intrathecal medications previously tolerated by patients prior to decompression may need to be significantly reduced in the postoperative period.

Enveloped viruses are significant zoonotic disease threats with the potential to cause global pandemics. We identified a class of small-molecule sulfur-containing antiviral compounds (XM series) that broadly inhibit enveloped viruses. Multidisciplinary approaches revealed that XM compounds alter the viral membrane lipid chemical composition, enhance membrane order within the hydrophobic bilayer, and increase membrane phase transition temperatures. This mechanism inhibits membrane fusion and viral entry, while leaving the viral glycoproteins and genomes largely unaffected. Leveraging these unique properties, we develop a proof-of-concept whole inactivated influenza virus (IIV) vaccine using XM-01 (XM-01-IIV). In a mouse model, XM-01-IIV elicit significantly enhanced neutralizing antibody responses against hemagglutinin and neuraminidase compared to traditional paraformaldehyde-inactivated vaccines. Further, XM-01-IIV reduces morbidity and mortality following influenza challenge, achieving protection comparable to live virus vaccination. This promising class of broadly acting antivirals can be highly impactful in the development of highly potent inactivated vaccines for enveloped viruses. Improved vaccines and antivirals are needed for many enveloped viruses. Here, the authors identify sulfur-based small molecules that disrupt viral membrane properties, inhibiting fusion and entry, and safely inactivate influenza virus. The resulting inactivated influenza vaccine is protective in mice.