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"Just, Daniel"
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Literature, ethics, and decolonization in postwar France : the politics of disengagement
\"Against the background of intellectual and political debates in France during the 1950s and 1960s, Daniel Just examines literary narratives and works of literary criticism arguing that these texts are more politically engaged than they may initially appear. As writings by Roland Barthes, Maurice Blanchot, Albert Camus, and Marguerite Duras show, seemingly disengaged literary principles - such as blankness, minimalism, silence, and indeterminateness - can be deployed to a number of potent political and ethical ends. At the time the main focus of this activism was the escalation of violence in colonial Algeria. The poetics formulated by these writers suggests that blankness, weakness, and withdrawal from action are not symptoms of impotence and political escapism in the face of historical events, but deliberate literary strategies aimed to neutralize the drive to dominate others that characterized the colonial project\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Autobiographical Provocation: Witold Gombrowicz's Diary as a Transformative Text
Using the example of Witold Gombrowicz‘s
Diary
, this essay argues that not all autobiographical texts try to eliminate fictionality and form an autobiographical pact with the reader. The Diary is not a depository of facts, a medium of self-confession, or an instrument of self-discovery. It is a type of autobiographical writing that deploys various devices of stylization and genre experimentation to provoke the reader and the writer, unsettle their habits, and draw out their artificialities. The goal of this provocation is to stimulate an act of self-reflection that generates a process of self-transformation that is continuous, non-normative, and non-teleological.
Journal Article
The effect of low ascorbic acid content on tomato fruit ripening
Main conclusion
The oxidant/antioxidant balance affects the ripening time of tomato fruit.
Ripening of tomato fruit is associated with several modifications such as loss of cell wall firmness and transformation of chloroplasts to chromoplasts. Besides a peak in H
2
O
2
, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are observed at the transition stage. However, the role of different components of oxidative stress metabolism in fruit ripening has been scarcely addressed. Two GDP-
l
-galactose phosphorylase (GGP)
Solanum lycopersicum
L. cv Micro-Tom mutants which have fruit with low ascorbic acid content (30% of wild type) were used in this work to unravel the participation of ascorbic acid and H
2
O
2
in fruit maturation. Both GGP mutants show delayed fruit maturation with no peak of H
2
O
2
; treatment with ascorbic acid increases its own concentration and accelerates ripening only in mutants to become like wild type plants. Unexpectedly, the treatment with ascorbic acid increases H
2
O
2
synthesis in both mutants resembling what is observed in wild type fruit. Exogenous supplementation with H
2
O
2
decreases its own synthesis delaying fruit maturation in plants with low ascorbic acid content. The site of ROS production is localized in the chloroplasts of fruit of all genotypes as determined by confocal microscopy analysis. The results presented here demonstrate that both ascorbic acid and H
2
O
2
actively participate in tomato fruit ripening.
Journal Article
Deficiency of GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase, an enzyme required for ascorbic acid synthesis, reduces tomato fruit yield
Reduced GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase expression and deficiency of ascorbic acid content lead to decreased fruit set and yield in tomato plants. GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) catalyzes the first step committed to ascorbic acid synthesis. The participation of GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase and ascorbate in tomato fruit production and quality was studied in this work using two SlGGP1 deficient EMS Micro-Tom mutants. The SlGGP1 mutants display decreased concentrations of ascorbate in roots, leaves, flowers, and fruit. The initiation of anthesis is delayed in ggp1 plants but the number of flowers is similar to wild type. The number of fruits is reduced in ggp1 mutants with an increased individual weight. However, the whole fruit biomass accumulation is reduced in both mutant lines. Fruits of the ggp1 plants produce more ethylene and show higher firmness and soluble solids content than the wild type after the breaker stage. Leaf CO2 uptake decreases about 50% in both ggp1 mutants at saturating light conditions; however, O2 production in an enriched CO2 atmosphere is only 19% higher in wild type leaves. Leaf conductance that is largely reduced in both mutants may be the main limitation for photosynthesis. Sink-source assays and hormone concentration were measured to determine restrictions to fruit yield. Manipulation of leaf area/fruit number relationship demonstrates that the number of fruits and not the provision of photoassimilates from the source restricts biomass accumulation in the ggp1 lines. The lower gibberellins concentration measured in the flowers would contribute to the lower fruit set, thus impacting in tomato yield. Taken as a whole these results demonstrate that ascorbate biosynthetic pathway critically participates in tomato development and fruit production.
Journal Article
Rapid identification of causal mutations in tomato EMS populations via mapping-by-sequencing
The tomato is the model species of choice for fleshy fruit development and for the Solanaceae family. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutants of tomato have already proven their utility for analysis of gene function in plants, leading to improved breeding stocks and superior tomato varieties. However, until recently, the identification of causal mutations that underlie particular phenotypes has been a very lengthy task that many laboratories could not afford because of spatial and technical limitations. Here, we describe a simple protocol for identifying causal mutations in tomato using a mapping-by-sequencing strategy. Plants displaying phenotypes of interest are first isolated by screening an EMS mutant collection generated in the miniature cultivar Micro-Tom. A recombinant F2 population is then produced by crossing the mutant with a wild-type (WT; non-mutagenized) genotype, and F2 segregants displaying the same phenotype are subsequently pooled. Finally, whole-genome sequencing and analysis of allele distributions in the pools allow for the identification of the causal mutation. The whole process, from the isolation of the tomato mutant to the identification of the causal mutation, takes 6-12 months. This strategy overcomes many previous limitations, is simple to use and can be applied in most laboratories with limited facilities for plant culture and genotyping.
Journal Article
Silencing of the Mitochondrial Ascorbate Synthesizing Enzyme l -Galactono-1,4-Lactone Dehydrogenase Affects Plant and Fruit Development in Tomato
Abstract l-Galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.2.3) catalyzes the last step in the main pathway of vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid) biosynthesis in higher plants. In this study, we first characterized the spatial and temporal expression of SlGalLDH in several organs of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants in parallel with the ascorbate content. P35S:SlgalldhRNAi silenced transgenic tomato lines were then generated using an RNAi strategy to evaluate the effect of any resulting modification of the ascorbate pool on plant and fruit development. In all P35S:SlgalldhRNAi plants with reduced SlGalLDH transcript and activity, plant growth rate was decreased. Plants displaying the most severe effects (dwarf plants with no fruit) were excluded from further analysis. The most affected lines studied exhibited up to an 80% reduction in SlGalLDH activity and showed a strong reduction in leaf and fruit size, mainly as a consequence of reduced cell expansion. This was accompanied by significant changes in mitochondrial function and altered ascorbate redox state despite the fact that the total ascorbate content remained unchanged. By using a combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches, we further demonstrated that several primary, like the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as secondary metabolic pathways related to stress response were modified in leaves and fruit of P35S:SlgalldhRNAi plants. When taken together, this work confirms the complexity of ascorbate regulation and its link with plant metabolism. Moreover, it strongly suggests that, in addition to ascorbate synthesis, GalLDH could play an important role in the regulation of cell growth-related processes in plants.
Journal Article
Identification of Two New Mechanisms That Regulate Fruit Growth by Cell Expansion in Tomato
Key mechanisms controlling fruit weight and shape at the levels of meristem, ovary or very young fruit have already been identified using natural tomato diversity. We reasoned that new developmental modules prominent at later stages of fruit growth could be discovered by using new genetic and phenotypic diversity generated by saturated mutagenesis. Twelve fruit weight and tissue morphology mutants likely affected in late fruit growth were selected among thousands of fruit size and shape EMS mutants available in our tomato EMS mutant collection. Their thorough characterization at organ, tissue and cellular levels revealed two major clusters controlling fruit growth and tissue morphogenesis either through (i) the growth of all fruit tissues through isotropic cell expansion or (ii) only the growth of the pericarp through anisotropic cell expansion. These likely correspond to new cell expansion modules controlling fruit growth and tissue morphogenesis in tomato. Our study therefore opens the way for the identification of new gene regulatory networks controlling tomato fruit growth and morphology.
Journal Article
The Poetics of Elusive History: Marguerite Duras, War Traumas, and the Dilemmas of Literary Representation
This article examines the relationship betweenminimalist storytellingandliterary representation. In the case ofMarguerite Duras's
Hiroshima mon amour
, the author shows that the preference for simple sentences, ellipsis, and parataxis over elaborate syntactic structures is not adverse to representation. The technique of foregrounding absences, silences, and the resistance of reality to being captured in a positively given content and form engages readers in reflection on the intricacies of representing reality. By staging a breakdown in depicting Hiroshima, Duras's text is designed to draw attention to its mechanism ofdisplacement, thereby exposing its failure to represent the ongoingwarinAlgeria.
Journal Article
Barthes’s Perversions: Writing Practices and Neutral Life
In his final period, Roland Barthes desires a new form of life that would enable him to be more attentive to the present moment and to time and change. In this period, since he wants to keep writing, he is also looking for a new form of writing—neutral writing as a counterpart to neutral living. This study examines Barthes’s late penchant for neutrality against the background of his intellectual evolution. It argues that in his final period, Barthes’s writing is an unusual, transformative practice that facilitates his neutrality by helping him shift his perspective on his current life without altering anything about it.
Journal Article