Explore the vast range of titles available.

Background Societal stress derived from an event that affects the whole society, e. g., a natural disaster, provides a unique, indirect way of determining the relationship between psychological stress and peptic ulcer disease in humans. In this study, we investigated the changing patterns of the incidence of peptic ulcers before and after the Great East Japan earthquake, which occurred on 11 March, 2011. Methods Clinical data of patients with peptic ulcers were retrospectively collected during the 3 months after the earthquake (2011) from 7 major hospitals in the middle of the stricken area, and were compared with the data for the same period of the previous year (2010). The eligible subjects were classified into four groups according to Helicobacter pylori infection status and intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Results The incidence of all types of peptic ulcers was 1.5-fold increased after the earthquake, and in particular, the incidence of hemorrhagic ulcers was 2.2-fold increased; the gastric ulcer/duodenal ulcer ratio in hemorrhagic ulcers was also significantly increased ( p  < 0.05). Regarding the etiology of the peptic ulcers, the proportion of non- H. pylori and non-NSAID ulcers was significantly increased, from 13 % in 2010 to 24 % in 2011 after the earthquake ( p  < 0.05). Conclusion In addition to the increased incidence of peptic ulcers, compositional changes in the disease were observed after the Great East Japan earthquake. The significant increase in the proportion of non- H. pylori and non-NSAID ulcers after the earthquake indicated that psychological stress alone induced peptic ulcers in humans independently of H. pylori infection and NSAID intake.

Background We have reported that the total number of peptic ulcers (PUs) had increased 1.5-fold after the Great East Japan Earthquake compared with those of the previous year, and that hemorrhagic ulcers were more prominently increased by 2.2-fold. The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors for bleeding ulcers after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Methods Clinical data of all peptic ulcer subjects endoscopically detected at the 7 major hospitals in the middle of the stricken area during the 3 months after the earthquake were retrospectively collected. Based on endoscopic and laboratory findings, peptic ulcer cases were divided into 227 bleeding ulcer cases and 102 non-bleeding controls. Other than ordinary risk factors for bleeding ulcers, the refugee shelter was included in the analysis as a unique confounder after the earthquake. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to adjust for potential confounders. Results Eighty-seven (27 %) of 329 PUs emerged from refuge shelters, and the majority (76 of 87) of PUs occurring in such shelters was the bleeding type. Multivariate regression showed that residence in a shelter was a strong risk factor for ulcer bleeding with OR (95 % CI): 4.4 (2.1–9.6, p  < 0.0001), independent of the progressiveness of ulcer diseases. Conclusions Accommodation in a refugee shelter can be a strong risk factor for ulcer bleeding after a large-scale disaster. Since acid-suppressive drugs are supposed to decrease the risk for stress-induced ulcer bleeding, our results will encourage effective use of a limited medical resource in such catastrophic events.

Background: We investigated the characteristic features and treatment of hemorrhagic peptic ulcers after the Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred on 11 March 2011. Methods: Clinical data of patients with hemorrhagic peptic ulcers were retrospectively collected during the 3 months after the earthquake from seven major hospitals in the middle of the stricken area, and were compared with those during the same period of the previous year. Results: After the earthquake, the number of hemorrhagic ulcers increased 2.2 fold as compared with the previous year, and gastric ulcers were significantly more frequent compared with duodenal ulcers (p <0.05) and more often presented multiple forms (p <0.05). Nonetheless, the proportion of re-bleeding cases after hemostasis treatment (8% in 2010 vs. 5% in 2011) or total mortality rate (2.5% in 2010 vs. 1.2% in 2011) was rather lower after the earthquake compared with that of the previous year. Conclusion: We clarified that post-disaster hemorrhagic ulcers existed frequently in the stomach, often as multiple ulcers at the same time. The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami caused many cases of hemorrhagic ulcer. However, because of the high success rate of endoscopic hemostasis, the mortality remained as low as in the previous year. Our present study provides important information for large-scale disasters which can occur anywhere.

The liver metastatic potential of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP)‐producing human gastric carcinoma (NSC‐3) was examined in male, BALB/c, nude mice. Metastatic nodules in the liver were produced by intrasplenic (IS) injection of tumor cell suspension prepared by trypsinization from subcutaneous NSC‐3 tumor. The serum AFP level increased exponentially after IS injection along with the growth of metastatic nodules in the liver, and a positive correlation was observed between the estimated weight of metastatic nodules and serum AFP level. To investigate the effect of liver damage by carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) on the metastatic potential of NSC‐3 cells injected intrasplenlcally, the mice were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 received IS injection of 1×106 of NSC‐3 cells without CCI4, treatment; Groups 2, 3 and 4 received IS injection 7 days, 2 days and 1 day after CCI4 treatment, respectively. All mice were killed 64 days after IS injection. The incidence of liver metastasis was 80% in Group 1, but 100% in Groups 2, 3 and 4. The mean numbers of metastatic nodules per liver were 4.2 in Group 1, 16.8 in Group 2, 18.0 in Group 3 and 44.5 in Group 4. Significant differences in the mean numbers of metastatic nodules were observed between Group 4 and the other groups. It was clearly demonstrated that the metastatic potential of AFP‐producing human gastric carcinoma cells (NSC‐3) is enhanced in the situation prevailing after liver parenchymal cells are damaged by CCI4.