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We aimed to investigate the frequency of incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI) and the hippocampal infolding angle (HIA) in pediatric patients with no additional abnormal findings in the brain. Pediatric brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations conducted between September 2012 and February 2015 were screened and 83 patients with epilepsy, 49 patients with febrile convulsion, and 74 control patients were included in this retrospective study. Presence of IHI was evaluated and HIA was measured on MRI. IHI was found in 23 patients in the epilepsy group (27.7%), 15 patients in the febrile convulsion group (30.6%), and 14 patients in the control group (19.0%), with no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.27). Compared with the epilepsy and febrile convulsion groups, HIA was significantly larger in the control group in sections of the right cerebral pedincule, the left cerebral pedincule, and the right superior cerebellar pedincule. No correlation was found between the laterality of the epileptogenic focus in the epilepsy group and existence of IHI, nor between age and HIA values among the groups. Although IHI is not an uncommon abnormality in the normal pediatric population, decreased HIA is more frequently found in patients with epilepsy or febrile convulsions.

In this study, the antibacterial activity of environmentally friendly synthesized 2D copper oxide nanoleaves (Cu 2 O NLs) on ceramic glazes and photocatalytic activity against methylene blue (MB) dye was investigated. The SPR band of biogenic Cu 2 O NLs was observed between 200–300 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that the Cu 2 O NLs were in a nanoleaves structure and had a particle size of 42.04 nm. In order to determine the antibacterial activity of the synthesized Cu 2 O NLs in ceramic structures, NLs were added to the transparent glaze recipe used in tableware. The antibacterial properties of the test mixture were then examined against the gram ( +) and gram (-) bacteria. In addition, the photodegradation rate of Cu 2 O NLs against MB dye was found to be 68% after 90 min. Experimental results of Cu 2 O NLs synthesized with environmentally friendly have shown that they can have potential applications in the ceramic industry and water treatment systems.

We aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of single-stage endovascular treatment in patients with severe extracranial large vessel stenosis and concomitant ipsilateral unruptured intracranial aneurysm. Hospital database was screened for patients who underwent single-stage endovascular treatment between February 2008 and June 2013 and seven patients were identified. The procedures included unilateral carotid artery stenting (CAS) (n=4), bilateral CAS (n=2), and proximal left subclavian artery stenting (n=1) along with ipsilateral intracranial aneurysm treatment (n=7). The mean internal carotid artery stenosis was 81.6% (range, 70%-95%), and the subclavian artery stenosis was 90%. All aneurysms were unruptured. The mean aneurysm diameter was 7.7 mm (range, 5-13 mm). The aneurysms were ipsilateral to the internal carotid artery stenosis (internal carotid artery aneurysm) in five patients, and in the anterior communicating artery in one patient. The patient with subclavian artery stenosis had a fenestration aneurysm in the proximal basilar artery. Stenting of the extracranial large vessel stenosis was performed before aneurysm treatment in all patients. In two patients who underwent bilateral CAS, the contralateral carotid artery stenosis, which had no aneurysm distally, was treated initially. There were no procedure-related complications or technical failure. The mean clinical follow-up period was 18 months (range, 9-34 months). One patient who underwent unilateral CAS experienced contralateral transient ischemic attack during the clinical follow-up. There was no restenosis on six-month follow-up angiograms, and all aneurysms were adequately occluded. A single-stage procedure appears to be feasible for treatment of patients with severe extracranial large vessel stenosis and concomitant ipsilateral intracranial aneurysm.

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of detecting knee effusion with clinical examination and to evaluate whether the amount of effusion, patient obesity, and the clinicians' experience affect the clinicians' decisions in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Patients presenting with knee pain were examined by two residents with different levels of experience and underwent ultrasonographic examination, including measurement of effusion in the medial, mid, and lateral aspects of the suprapatellar bursa. One hundred seventy-two knees of 86 patients were examined. Of the knees investigated, 127 (73.8 %) had effusion. The consistency between ultrasonographic and resident examination were weak ( κ  = 0.193, p  = 0.007 and κ  = 0.349, p  < 0.001), although the more experienced senior resident had a stronger agreement. The overall inter-rater agreement between the two residents was low ( κ  = 0.254). The senior resident had a significantly higher accuracy ratio ( p  = 0.036). In the knees without effusion, the two examiners had no agreement ( κ  = −0.028, p  = 0.856); however, the ratios of the true decisions were similar ( p  = 1.0). The accuracy of the less experienced resident's decisions was affected by effusion depth ( p  = 0.005). Clinicians' decisions and their accuracy in detecting knee effusion during clinical examination were different, especially in the absence of effusion. The consistency between ultrasonography and residents was low. The accuracy of clinical examination was affected by effusion depth and experience, but not by patient obesity.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the carotid intima media thickness (IMT) in patients with thyrotoxicosis who received radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment. Methods This study was planned to be conducted with two different groups of people. There were 87 patients in the patient group and 98 controls. Participants were evaluated for atherosclerosis risk factors. Mean carotid IMT was measured from three consecutive traces at the common carotid artery bifurcation. Results The mean carotid IMT was 0.81 ± 0.20 in patient group and this was higher than the controls (0.68 ± 0.19) ( p  < 0.01). IM thickening was positively correlated with the applied RAI dose levels in the treatment group ( p  = 0.029). In patients with only HT, the data of the two groups showed a significant difference, with the average IMT being higher in the patient group than that of the control group ( p : 0.011). Conclusion RAI used in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis increases the IMT of carotid artery independent of age and sex. This treatment yields better results with higher doses, and this effect is more marked in patients with HT. Hence, we believe that it is necessary to calculate the dose properly for hyperthyroid cases in which treatment with RAI is planned. In particular, the patients with HT need to be treated with the minimum possible dose. Further, carotid arteries should be evaluated with US following RAI treatment.

Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed and on thoracal MRI, T2 weighted sagittal images revealed diffuse thickening and irregularity in spinal cord and heterogenous increase in signal intensity. [...]T1 weighted images shows isointense signal intensity; meanwhile, T2 weighted images shows isointense or low signal intensity. [...]to the best of our knowledge, this is first case of co-occurrence of intracranial and intramedullary TBMs with intravertebral abscess.

Port wine stain and juvenile localized scleroderma are two different dermatoses usually encountered in pediatric age group. Up to now, there are reports of morphea patients initially diagnosed and treated as port wine stain. Coexistence of both diseases is not found yet. We herein present a case of juvenile localized scleroderma on the left side of trunk, with congenital port wine stain located on the ipsilateral face at V1-V2 distribution.

Endovascular treatment of wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms can be challenging, despite improvements in endovascular techniques. Y stent-assisted coiling is one such technique, but this may not be technically feasible, especially in cases of acute angulation between the proximal and distal parent arteries, and may require use of “modified Y-configured stents with the waffle-cone technique”. We report three cases of wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms that were successfully treated by use of the Solitaire ® stent.

Grisel’s syndrome is a nontraumatic atlantoaxial subluxation which is usually secondary of an infection or an inflammation at the head and neck region. It can be observed after surgery of head and neck region. Etiopathogenesis has not been clearly described yet, but increased looseness of paraspinal ligament is thought to be responsible. Patients typically present with painful torticollis. Diagnosis of Grisel’s syndrome is largely based on suspicion of the patient who has recently underwent surgery or history of infection in head and neck region. Physical examination and imaging techniques assist in diagnosis. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of acute nontraumatic torticollis after recently applied the head and neck surgery or undergone upper respiratory tract infection. In this paper, a case of an eight-year-old male patient who had Grisel’s syndrome after adenotonsillectomy is discussed with review of the literature.