Explore the vast range of titles available.

Theories of entrepreneurship have proposed that entrepreneurs are shaped by contextual influences. This paper examines the social transmission of entrepreneurial behavior across university peers. I propose that peers acquainted at a university increase the probability of an entrepreneurial entry by transmitting information about new opportunities and by reducing the uncertainty associated with entrepreneurship. Based on unique data on hedge fund foundings between 1979 and 2006, this study documents that past entrepreneurial behaviors of university peers are an important driver of individual rates of entrepreneurship. Additional analyses show that social influence has a stronger effect on the transition to entrepreneurship when exerted by spatially proximate university peers and university peers who share gender with the focal individual. These findings provide evidence that the effect of university peers arises as a result of social influence rather than the institutional impact of universities. Together, the results uncover novel pathways of social transmission of entrepreneurship and strengthen evidence for the role of contextual influences in shaping entrepreneurial entry.

This study revisits the well-established notion that large and mature organizations stifle an employee's ability and motivation to become an entrepreneur. Using unique data on U.S. mutual funds founded between 1979 and 2005, I examine whether large and mature firms, which are typically associated with lower individual rates of entrepreneurship, are also associated with lower individual rates of intrapreneurship. The findings show that, though employees in large and mature organizations are less likely to transition to entrepreneurship, they nonetheless exhibit a higher propensity to pursue venturing opportunities inside the established firm than employees in smaller and younger firms. The results suggest that the observed negative effect of large, mature organizations on entrepreneurship arises partly due to high rates of intrapreneurship and that the stultification processes in such organizations are far less important than has been generally assumed.

Actors often leave in pursuit of new ventures, even though entrepreneurial opportunities may exist inside the firm. While a bulk of work has focused on understanding the determinants of entrepreneurial transition (e.g., Aldrich and Ruef, 2006; Dobrev and Barnett, 2005; Robinson and Sexton, 1994; Sørensen, 2007a; 2007b), whether nascent entrepreneurs leave to form new ventures or stay put inside the organization remains less clear. Addressing this research lacuna, I examine the conflicting choices faced by nascent entrepreneurs and their consequences for established organizations. Drawing on the rich sociological tradition of embedding an individual's decision making in the social context (e.g., Granovetter, 1985), I uncover the social determinants of entrepreneurial choices and their consequences for existing organizations. In the first two studies, I offer a socio-structural perspective on the choices pursued by nascent entrepreneurs: I develop a theoretical framework that relates these choices to an actor's formative experiences (first study), and his or her position in the informal network (second study). Findings show that nascent entrepreneurs transition to external more than to internal ventures when, early in the career they gain exposure to risk and/or are socialized with coworkers who founded external ventures. The imprinting effect is partially mitigated by adaptive learning: negative feedback that individuals receive when performing their actions decreases the influence of imprinting on entrepreneurship choices. Moreover, I find that nascent entrepreneurs are more likely to found external (internal) ventures if their school network members created external (internal) ventures in the past. The effect of school networks is amplified with geographic proximity and gender homophily. Finally, I find that established organizations adapt to entrepreneurship choices: organizations provide greater compensation and discretion to employees at higher risk of entrepreneurial departures. Organizational adaptation to the threat of entrepreneurial departures decreases with organizational performance and scope. Together, my dissertation has important theoretical implications: it enhances the understanding of an individual's role in redrawing organizational boundaries. I test my hypotheses using longitudinal data on the development of new funds in the mutual fund industry between 1979 and 2006.

Both the location of primary disease and treatment side effects may have an impact on sexual function in oncogynecological patients. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, strategies, difficulties, and ideas for improvement in sexual counseling among specialists managing patients with gynecologic malignancies. This was a cross-sectional survey study performed among healthcare professionals treating patients with gynecologic malignancies. A self-prepared questionnaire included 61 questions concerning general demographic information and different aspects of sexual counseling in the gynecologic oncology practice. Analysis included attitudes, behaviors, management strategies, difficulties, and ideas for possible systemic improvements. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, two-sided chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test. A total of 150 respondents from 46 countries answered the survey. The majority of survey participants stated that sexual counseling of oncological patients is very important (n=73, 49%) or important (n=46, 31%). One hundred and two (68%) respondents agreed that sexual counseling of gynecologic oncology patients should be routinely provided by the specialist managing the primary disease. However, collecting information concerning sexual function is performed often or always by only 21% of respondents and 19% discuss the topic rarely or never. The most frequently indicated barriers leading to difficulties in sexual counseling include lack of time (74%), lack of specialist knowledge (55%), and patient embarrassment (48%). One hundred and seven (71%) respondents expressed interest in participating in sexual counseling workshops organized by the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO)/European Network of Young Gynaecological Oncologists (ENYGO), 74 (49%) would like to access webinars on the topic, and 120 (80%) would be interested in materials in the ESGO online educational resources. One of the proposed solutions to insufficient access to sexual care for women with gynecologic malignancies is providing access to specialist educational programs for both patients and healthcare specialists.

Platinum and taxane chemotherapy is associated with the risk of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), which may require switching to less effective treatments. Desensitization to platinum and taxane HSRs can be used to complete chemotherapy according to the standard regimen. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the current management of HSRs to platinum and/or taxane chemotherapy in patients with gynecologic cancers. We conducted an online cross-sectional survey among gynecological and medical oncologists consisting of 33 questions. A total of 144 respondents completed the survey, and 133 respondents were included in the final analysis. Most participants were gynecologic oncologists (43.6%) and medical oncologists (33.8%), and 77.4% (n = 103) were involved in chemotherapy treatment. More than 73% of participants experienced >5 HSRs to platinum and taxane per year. Premedication and a new attempt with platinum or taxane chemotherapy were used in 84.8% and 92.5% of Grade 1–2 HSRs to platinum and taxane, respectively. In contrast, desensitization was used in 49.4% and 41.8% of Grade 3–4 HSRs to platinum and taxane, respectively. Most participants strongly emphasized the need to standardize the management of platinum and taxane HSRs in gynecologic cancer. Our study showed that HSRs in gynecologic cancer are common, but management is variable and the use of desensitization is low. In addition, the need for guidance on the management of platinum- and taxane-induced HSRs in gynecologic cancer was highlighted.

A major knowledge gap of trainees and junior faculty is the lack of knowledge about how to structure and write scientific manuscripts for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Often this topic is not covered in the standard training curriculum of medical school, residency, or fellowship. Often, the inability to publish scientific work is not due to poor quality science but rather to gaps in knowledge pertaining to proper writing skills, poor methodology, data analysis, or interpretation. The first online Scientific Writing and Publication Course was held by the European Network of Young Gynecological Oncologists in collaboration with the International Journal of Gynecological Cancer from March to June 2021. Here we provide highlights from various sessions of the course.

[...]of this program, both sides can grow together as Fellows can learn and contribute to further enhancing and developing IJGC. Classically, the standard treatment offered to patients with recurrent ovarian cancer has been primarily systemic therapy.2 The role of secondary cytoreductive surgery in this subset of patients was evaluated in the Descriptive Evaluation of Surgery in relapsed Ovarian Cancer (DESKTOP) series.3 4 DESKTOP III (NCT01166737) was a randomized phase III trial comparing overall survival of exclusive treatment with second-line chemotherapy versus secondary cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with first relapsed ovarian cancer, a platinum-free interval of at least 6 months, and a positive AGO score (good performance status, ascites <500 mL, and complete resection at initial surgery).5 During the interview, some relevant points of the study were underlined. The first was the center and the second was the treatment-free interval before relapse, as the latter is known to be a prognostic factor. [...]we debated the contradictory results of the DESKTOP III and SOC-18 trials, on one hand, versus those of the GOG 2139 trial. [...]we discussed the intra-operative management of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy.

Correspondence to Dr Gabrielle H van Ramshorst, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Gabrielle.vanRamshorst@UZGent.be Commentary In 2019, Dr Pedro T. Ramirez, Editor-in-Chief of IJGC, in partnership with the European Network of Young Gynecological Oncologists (ENYGO), European Society for Gynecological Oncology (ENYGO-ESGO) and the International Gynecologic Cancer Society (IGCS) launched a joint IJGC Editorial Fellowship. The aim of the three- to four-month fellowships was to provide opportunities for young trainees and faculty to gain experience in the peer review process, scientific communication and working as part of an editorial team. Engagement in editorial activities is academic advancement and reflects scientific productivity. Since the Fellowship, several of the Editorial Fellows have progressed to becoming members of the IJGC Editorial Board.

[...]three retrospective and three prospective studies with a total of 125 359 patients were included, from which malignancy was reported in 8539 (6.8%) patients (Figure 1A). On the contrary, our in-depth analysis included a greater representation of patients with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, cardiogenic shock, respiratory support, life-threatening arrhythmias, ECG results, drugs use at admission, and associated risk factors (i.e. smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and overweight). [...]the co-existence of malignancy substantially deteriorated the short-term prognosis of TTS patients.