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The issue of concepts formation has always been at the centre of debate among scholars in media and communication studies. This paper is an attempt to introduce the general principles of Gallie's essentially contested concepts in the light of the widespread use of concept misunderstanding in this field of research where discourse is of central importance to researchers. We argue that the present essay explores primarily the option of placing more attention on theorizing rather than on theory. Accordingly, this article does seek to address the concepts of discourse in the established schools of discourse analysis within Gallie's framework aiming at settling the conflict over discourse by constructing epistemological bridge with Sartori's ladder of abstraction to overcome the problem of essential contestedness in media and communication studies.

This work addresses the problem of developing control algorithms for type 1 diabetic patients that provide an automatic connection between continuous glucose monitoring and insulin injection, without any manual intervention by the patient. This emerging technology is known as artificial pancreas (AP). In this study, a recent Model-Free Control (MFC) approach and its related “intelligent” regulators were exploited for this biomedical issue using an Extended Bergman Minimal Model. MFC is used to regulate the blood glucose (BG) level as well as to reduce postprandial glucose peak induced by meals in subjects with type 1 diabetes. Effects of unannounced meals three times a day are taken into account and are investigated. In silico results globally illustrate the feasibility of such a control. The proposed controller has proven its effectiveness in reducing postprandial BG rise, eliminating the effects of external disturbances such as the effect of meals, and maintaining a healthy BG level under uncertainties.