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High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing of food can inactivate spoilage microorganisms, while largely preserving quality characteristics like color, flavor, texture, and vitamin content. However, the composition of the food matrix can strongly affect HHP inactivation efficiency. As systematic data on the interplay of different food matrix components are rare, we used defined oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions as a model system to investigate the impact of fat on the effect of the aqueous phase parameters sodium chloride (NaCl), sucrose, pH, and proteins on HHP inactivation of Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum strains. To identify a potential interconnection with cell surface characteristics, strains with hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface characteristics were considered. HHP inactivation varied widely among the investigated strains. In general, high NaCl and sucrose concentrations exerted a baroprotective effect, whereas low-pH environments enhanced inactivation, and the impact of proteins followed no clear trend. The presence of fat did not generally influence any of the aqueous phase parameters in its impact on HHP inactivation, but caused sporadic matrix and strain specific; however, cell surface hydrophobicity-independent alterations in inactivation efficiency. Still, fat was able to significantly change, and sometimes even invert, the effect of other food matrix parameters.

The final set of Soudan-2 data has been prepared including both events with their vertex within the detector and upgoing stopping muons originating in neutrino interactions within the rock surrounding the detector. This data set was analyzed for effects of atmospheric neutrino oscillations. The resulting probability of no oscillations was found to be 3.2 × 10−5. The improved 90% CL contour in sin22θ × log10(Δm2) is given, and found to be independent of the choice of 1D or 3D neutrino flux model. The Soudan 2 allowed contour includes, but is broader than, the 90% CL contours reported by SuperK and MACRO.

This is a brief summary of the poster describing the MINERνA experiment

Through the question of the price of freedom, a question directly related to the reparations to be paid to East European victims of Nazism &, thus, to the end of a bipolar world, a long-coming, difficult process is described: German-Czech reconciliation, the \"ugly duckling\" of Germany's relations with central Europe. No new start could be made in relations with the Czech Republic until both parties agreed to openly face a tragic past, covered up on both sides. The consequences had to be drawn in material as well as moral terms. 8 References. Adapted from the source document.

An updated measurement of the atmospheric nu_mu/nu_e ratio-of-ratios, 0.68+-0.11+-0.06, has been obtained using a 4.6-kty exposure of the Soudan-2 iron tracking calorimeter. The L/E distributions have been analyzed for effects of nu_mu -> nu_x oscillations, and an allowed region in the Delta m^2 vs. sin^2 2 theta plane has been determined.

A new measurement of the atmospheric numu/nue ratio-of-ratios, 0.61 +- 0.15 +- 0.05, has been obtained using a 3.2-kty exposure of the Soudan-2 underground detector. This measurement, based upon neutrino reactions in an iron tracking calorimeter of honeycomb-lattice geometry, is in agreement with the anomalously low value reported by the underground water detectors.

We report new constraints on flavor-changing non-standard neutrino interactions from the MINOS long-baseline experiment using \\(\\nu_{e}\\) and \\(\\bar{\\nu}_{e}\\) appearance candidate events from predominantly \\(\\nu_{\\mu}\\) and \\(\\bar{\\nu}_{\\mu}\\) beams. We used a statistical selection algorithm to separate \\(\\nu_{e}\\) candidates from background events, enabling an analysis of the combined MINOS neutrino and antineutrino data. We observe no deviations from standard neutrino mixing, and thus place constraints on the non-standard interaction matter effect, \\(|\\varepsilon_{e\\tau}|\\), and phase, \\((\\delta_{CP}+\\delta_{e\\tau})\\), using a thirty-bin likelihood fit.

Data from the MINOS experiment has been used to search for mixing between muon neutrinos and muon antineutrinos using a time-independent Lorentz-violating formalism derived from the Standard-Model Extension (SME). MINOS is uniquely capable of searching for muon neutrino-antineutrino mixing given its long baseline and ability to distinguish between neutrinos and antineutrinos on an event-by-event basis. Neutrino and antineutrino interactions were observed in the MINOS Near and Far Detectors from an exposure of 10.56\\(\\times10^{20}\\) protons-on-target from the NuMI neutrino-optimized beam. No evidence was found for such transitions and new, highly stringent limits were placed on the SME coefficients governing them. We place the first limits on the SME parameters \\((c_{L})^{TT}_{\\mu\\mu} \\) and \\((c_{L})^{TT}_{\\tau\\tau}\\) at \\(-8.4\\times10^{-23} < (c_{L})^{TT}_{\\mu\\mu} < 8.0\\times10^{-23}\\) and \\(-8.0\\times10^{-23} < (c_{L})^{TT}_{\\tau\\tau} < 8.4\\times10^{-23}\\), and the world's best limits on the \\(\\tilde{g}^{ZT}_{\\mu\\overline{\\mu}}\\) and \\(\\tilde{g}^{ZT}_{\\tau\\overline{\\tau}}\\) parameters at \\(|\\tilde{g}^{ZT}_{\\mu\\overline{\\mu}}| < 3.3\\times 10^{-23}\\) and \\(|\\tilde{g}^{ZT}_{\\tau\\overline{\\tau}}| < 3.3\\times 10^{-23}\\), all limits quoted at \\(3\\sigma\\).

Forward single \\(\\pi^0\\) production by coherent neutral-current interactions, \\(\\nu \\mathcal{A} \\to \\nu \\mathcal{A} \\pi^0\\), is investigated using a 2.8\\(\\times 10^{20}\\) protons-on-target exposure of the MINOS Near Detector. For single-shower topologies, the event distribution in production angle exhibits a clear excess above the estimated background at very forward angles for visible energy in the range~1-8 GeV. Cross sections are obtained for the detector medium comprised of 80% iron and 20% carbon nuclei with \\(\\langle \\mathcal{A} \\rangle = 48\\), the highest-\\(\\langle \\mathcal{A} \\rangle\\) target used to date in the study of this coherent reaction. The total cross section for coherent neutral-current single-\\(\\pi^0\\) production initiated by the \\(\\nu_\\mu\\) flux of the NuMI low-energy beam with mean (mode) \\(E_{\\nu}\\) of 4.9 GeV (3.0 GeV), is \\(77.6\\pm5.0\\,(\\text{stat}) ^{+15.0}_{-16.8}\\,(\\text{syst})\\times10^{-40}\\,\\text{cm}^2~\\text{per nucleus}\\). The results are in good agreement with predictions of the Berger-Sehgal model.