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"Kaiser, Michael"
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Development and Validation of Analytical Methods for the Quantitation of Flavonoid Metabolites in Physiological Fluids via UHPLC-MS
Flavonoids, such as flavonols and anthocyanins, have been increasingly attributed health-promoting properties for several years. Thus, they are increasingly attracting scientific interest in metabolism and bioavailability research.To investigate the bioavailability of these phytochemicals, new and better methods to examine the metabolism and to quantify the metabolites are needed. Therefore, within the framework of this thesis, new methods for the analysis of the phase II metabolites of flavonols and anthocyanins from physiological samples, such as plasma and urine, were developed and validated. In the blood, most of the flavonoid metabolites are protein-bound, which is why plasma proteins such as human serum albumin represent a particular analytical challenge. With the enzymatic plasma proteolysis, a novel approach was chosen to analyze plasma samples and various peptidases were tested as part of the method development. It could be shown that in addition to conventional sample preparation methods such as SPE and protein precipitation, plasma proteolysis using pepsin is also a suitable approach for the analysis of flavonoid metabolites. The repertory of available valid methods for bioavailability and metabolism research of flavonoids, and possibly other phytochemicals, could thus be expanded by the research work presented here.
eBook
Becoming a top manager : tools and lessons in transitioning to general management
Make the move up to senior management with lessons from world-renowned business school experts.
Book
Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia: Current Guidance and Unmet Needs
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in men and women. Traditionally, topical minoxidil and oral finasteride have been the standard of care yielding mixed results. New treatments such as Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), microneedling, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and others have been extensively studied in the literature, and the purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive discussion of the latest treatment methods and their efficacy in treating AGA. Novel therapies such as oral minoxidil, topical finasteride, topical spironolactone, botulinum toxin, and stem cell therapy offer interesting alternatives to standard of care therapies for patients. In this review, we present data from recent studies on the clinical efficacy of these treatments. Furthermore, as new treatments have emerged, clinicians have tested combination therapies to assess whether there may be a synergistic relationship between multiple modalities. While there has been a great increase in the treatments available for AGA, the quality of evidence varies greatly and there is still a great need for randomized double blinded clinical trials to adequately assess the clinical efficacy of some treatments. While PRP and LLLT have demonstrated encouraging results, standardized treatment protocols are needed to adequately inform clinicians on how to use such therapies. Given the abundance of new therapeutic options, clinicians and patients must weigh the benefits and risks of each treatment option for AGA.
Journal Article
The Relation Between Health Insurance and Health Care Disparities Among Adults With Disabilities
Objectives. We examined disparities among US adults with disabilities and the degree to which health insurance attenuates disparities by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES). Methods. We pooled data from the 2001–2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey on individuals with disabilities aged 18 to 64 years. We modeled measures of access and use as functions of predisposing, enabling, need, and contextual factors. We then included health insurance and examined the extent to which it reduced observed differences by race, ethnicity, and SES. Results. We found evidence of disparities in access and use among adults with disabilities. Adjusting for health insurance reduced these disparities most consistently for emergency department use. Uninsured individuals experienced substantially poorer access across most measures, including reporting a usual source of care and experiencing delays in or being unable to obtain care. Conclusions. Although health insurance is an important enabling resource among adults with disabilities, its effect on reducing differences by race, ethnicity, and SES on health care access and use was limited. Research exploring the effects of factors such as patient–provider interactions is warranted.
Journal Article
Strategic Planning in the Arts
Planning today is more important than ever. Both acquisition and allocation of resources are increasingly difficult for arts organizations as a result of emerging technologies, reduced arts education, aging donors, and the advent of new forms of entertainment. It is essential for arts organizations to take a coherent approach to these issues to remain vibrant over time. In fact, most arts organizations do periodically attempt some kind of planning exercise. But a review of hundreds of such plans suggests that most contain merely a wish list, rather than concrete plans for the future: \"We will increase ticket sales!\" is a common \"strategy\" expressed in too many arts plans. In the absence of details about how ticket sales will be increased, it's an empty promise. In Strategic Planning in the Arts, Michael M. Kaiser, the former head of the Kennedy Center in Washington, DC, and an arts management guru, has produced a clear, concise guide for staff or board members of not-for-profit arts organizations who are responsible for developing, evaluating, or implementing plans. Relying on real-world cases and examples, Kaiser shows how to conceive, assess, and act on every part of the strategic plan, from the mission statement to the financial statement; from managing the board to marketing. Praise for Michael Kaiser: \"A rich yet tidy cornucopia of solutions for the challenges facing the American arts scene.\"-Washington Post
eBook
Simulation in Neurosurgery: A Review of Computer-Based Simulation Environments and Their Surgical Applications
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Computer-based surgical simulators create a no-risk virtual environment where surgeons can develop and refine skills through harmless repetition. These applications may be of particular benefit to neurosurgeons, as the vulnerability of nervous tissue limits the margin for error. The rapid progression of computer-processing capabilities in recent years has led to the development of more sophisticated and realistic neurosurgery simulators.
OBJECTIVE:
To catalogue the most salient of these advances and characterize our current effort to create a spine surgery simulator.
METHODS:
An extensive search of the databases Ovid-MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar was conducted. Search terms included, but were not limited to: neurosurgery combined with simulation, virtual reality, haptics, and 3-dimensional imaging.
RESULTS:
A survey of the literature reveals that surgical simulators are evolving from platforms used for preoperative planning and anatomic education into programs that aim to simulate essential components of key neurosurgical procedures. This evolution is predicated upon the advancement of 3 main components of simulation: graphics/volume rendering, model behavior/tissue deformation, and haptic feedback.
CONCLUSION:
The computational burden created by the integration of these complex components often limits the fluidity of real-time interactive simulators. Although haptic interfaces have become increasingly sophisticated, the production of realistic tactile sensory feedback remains a formidable and costly challenge. The rate of future progress may be contingent upon international collaboration between research groups and the establishment of common simulation platforms. Given current limitations, the most potential for growth lies in the innovative design of models that expand the procedural applications of neurosurgery simulation environments.
Journal Article
Transcriptome Analysis in Spleen Reveals Differential Regulation of Response to Newcastle Disease Virus in Two Chicken Lines
Enhancing genetic resistance of chickens to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) provides a promising way to improve poultry health, and to alleviate poverty and food insecurity in developing countries. In this study, two inbred chicken lines with different responses to NDV, Fayoumi and Leghorn, were challenged with LaSota NDV strain at 21 days of age. Through transcriptome analysis, gene expression in spleen at 2 and 6 days post-inoculation was compared between NDV-infected and control groups, as well as between chicken lines. At a false discovery rate <0.05, Fayoumi chickens, which are relatively more resistant to NDV, showed fewer differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than Leghorn chickens. Several interferon-stimulated genes were identified as important DEGs regulating immune response to NDV in chicken. Pathways predicted by IPA analysis, such as \"EIF-signaling\", \"actin cytoskeleton organization nitric oxide production\" and \"coagulation system\" may contribute to resistance to NDV in Fayoumi chickens. The identified DEGs and predicted pathways may contribute to differential responses to NDV between the two chicken lines and provide potential targets for breeding chickens that are more resistant to NDV.
Journal Article