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Objectives The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and radiographic success of MTA versus EBRRM in pulpotomy of permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis without apical periodontitis. Material and Methods Clinical and radiographic assessments were conducted at baseline, 6 days, 6 weeks, and 6 months. After administration of anesthesia and coronal pulp removal, pulp was capped with MTA or Endo Sequence Bioceramic Root Repair, followed by restoration with a glass ionomer and resin composite. Results The overall success rate for pulpotomy was 71.9%, with MTA and the bioceramic showing success rates of 32.8% and 39.1%, respectively. There was no significant relationship with the type of cavity and failure of pulpotomy. Conclusions MTA and EBBRRM are both practical choices for pulpotomy and there is no notable difference between them in the success rate and pain level. EBBRRM may be more effective in Class 1 cavities than in Class 2 cavities.

Fungal osteomyelitis is a lethal opportunistic infection that affects only a small percentage of patients present to endodontists. It is a highly contagious infection that requires urgent treatment. We discuss three cases in which endodontic pathology was initially recognized but subsequent follow-up revealed severe osteolytic fungal infection of the maxilla manifesting as acute apical abscesses in the maxillary canine region. CBCT demonstrated osteolytic abnormalities, and further histology confirmed the illness was caused by mucormycosis in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and exposure to COVID-19.

For the enhanced quality of life among the individuals or patients, oral hygiene is the most momentous approach. The general health status of the patients gets affected, if the oral health status is compromised, particularly in condition of tooth loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the types and frequency of partial tooth loss (Partially Edentulous) of the maxillary arches in the patients who reported at RAKCODS clinics. The study applied cross section approaches for gathering data and by using random approaches, total 450 patient's files were selected from the record. A proforma was used in order to collect data of the participants. Out of 450, 110 females and 340 males' files were used for this purpose. Results revealed that the tooth loss was most prevalent in the age group of 21-30 years. A considerable number of patients had gone through partially tooth loss and no modification was observed. The maxillary loss was not much common in comparison with the mandible loss. According to this study the occurrence of maxillary partially edentulous arches was higher among the age group of 21-31 years. This study was clinically relevant as it adds information that Kennedy's class 3 is the most common in the patients reported at the RAKCODS clinics, and mandibular tooth loss is more common than maxillary tooth loss.

The objective of this study was to establish a relationship between the frequency of tooth loss and partial edentulism (according to Kennedy's classifications) among different age groups for both genders seen at RAK College of Dental Sciences (RAKCODS). In this cross sectional retrospective study 200 patients were selected randomly and were used to collect the data. The study was conducted from February 2016 to May 2016. The selected participants were divided into different age groups. Frequency of missing teeth was noted between different age groups and the frequency of various Kennedy's classifications and modifications were also noted. Out of 200 patients, 136 were males and 64 were females with age ranging from 18 to 51+ years. Kennedy's class 3 was the most occurring class (45.5%). In the age group of 21-30 years Kennedy class 3 was noted 17% and Kennedy class 4 was 8%

The objective was to compare the role of needles design (open ended versus closed ended) on the apical extrusion of sodium hypochlorite irrigant during root canal treatment. This was an in vitro study performed at the Department of Operative Dentistry Liaquat Univer- sity of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro from March 2011 to October 2011. Access cavities were prepared in one hundred extracted human maxillary first molars. The mesiobuccal canal was left open whereas the remaining canals were sealed. The acrylic receptacles were used to hold the teeth in a position as they are present in maxillary arch naturally. The starch/KI solution (A reagent that changes into blue color when comes in contact with sodium hypochlorite) was used to fill the recepta- cles. The teeth were divided into two groups (G1 and G2) each contained 50 specimens respectively. G1: Irrigation of the mesiobuccal canals with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite with open ended beveled needle. G2: Irrigation of the mesiobuccal canals with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite with closed ended side vented needle. Patency file was #10 K in both the groups. The change in any color of starch/KI solution was captured with digital photographs. Results showed overall frequency of apical extrusion of sodium hypochlorite is 43% (43/100). There was higher extrusion incidence with open ended beveled needle which was 62% (31/50) than with closed ended side vented needle which showed 24% (12/50). It was concluded that rate of extrusion was significantly high with open ended beveled needle than with closed ended side vented needle. A closed ended side vented needles appeared significantly safer than open ended beveled needles.

Objective of the study was to determine the frequency of second canal in extracted mandibular lat- eral incisors. It was observational study and was conducted in the Dental Outpatient's Department of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital Hyderabad / Jamshoro from 1st January 2010 to 31th March 2010. This study included 100 extracted permanent mandibular lateral incisors. These extracted teeth were stored in 10% formalin until access preparation was made. Pulp chamber was accessed using round bur and then irrigated with sodium hypochlorite till it is clearly visible. Then DG16 endodontic explorer was used for the location and negotiation of second canal after location of main canal. Teeth in which second canal was located No. 10 K-files were inserted into main canal and second canal. Then two periapical radiographs from the buccolingual and proximal sides were taken for confirma- tion. Results were then recorded in proforma. Single canal was found in 61% of permanent mandibular lateral incisors. 39% of permanent man- dibular lateral incisors had second canal. The frequency of second canal in the present study was 39% of permanent mandibular lateral incisors.

To find out the appropriate electrode placement site for electric pulp tester on first premolar teeth of both arches. This was an experimental study performed at Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro from October 2010 to March 2011. Forty volunteers with first premolar teeth free of restorations and caries were recruited. First premolar from each quadrant was selected, and rubber dam was applied without clamps. Three sites on each crown were tested twice with an electric pulp tester, and lowest threshold responses were recorded. Data were analyzed with ANOVA variable test. The lowest response for both (maxillary and mandibular) teeth was found on the tip of buccal cusp. Other sites showed an increase in level from the tip of buccal cusp, middle 1/3 of buccal surface and cervical 1/3 of buccal surface. No statistically significant difference was found in the responses of male and female subjects. It was concluded that the appropriate electrode placement site for pulp tester on first premolar teeth is the tip of buccal cusp. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]