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Efflux pumps of the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) superfamily, particularly the AcrAB-TolC, and MexAB-OprM, besides mediating intrinsic and acquired resistance, also intervene in bacterial pathogenicity. Inhibitors of such pumps could restore the activities of antibiotics and curb bacterial virulence. Here, we identify pyrrole-based compounds that boost antibiotic activity in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by inhibiting their archetype RND transporters. Molecular docking and biophysical studies revealed that the EPIs bind to AcrB. The identified efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) inhibit the efflux of fluorescent probes, attenuate persister formation, extend post-antibiotic effect, and diminish resistant mutant development. The bacterial membranes remained intact upon exposure to the EPIs. EPIs also possess an anti-pathogenic potential and attenuate P . aeruginosa virulence in vivo . The intracellular invasion of E . coli and P . aeruginosa inside the macrophages was hampered upon treatment with the lead EPI. The excellent efficacy of the EPI-antibiotic combination was evidenced in animal lung infection and sepsis protection models. These findings indicate that EPIs discovered herein with negligible toxicity are potential antibiotic adjuvants to address life-threatening Gram-negative bacterial infections.

The survival of modern medicine depends heavily on the effective prevention and treatment of bacterial infections, are threatened by antibacterial resistance. The increasing use of antibiotics and lack of stewardship have led to an increase in antibiotic-resistant pathogens, so the growing issue of resistance can be resolved by emphasizing chemically synthesized antibiotics. This study discovered SMJ-2, a synthetic indole derivative, is effective against all multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacteria. SMJ-2 has multiple targets of action, but the primary mechanism inhibits respiratory metabolism and membrane potential disruption. SMJ-2 was discovered to interfere with the mevalonate pathway, ultimately preventing the synthesis of farnesyl diphosphate, a precursor to the antioxidant staphyloxanthin, eventually releasing reactive oxygen species, and leading phagocytic cells to destroy pathogens. Additionally, no discernible biochemical and histopathological alterations were found in the mouse acute toxicity model. This study emphasizes mechanistic insights into SMJ-2 as a potential antibacterial with an unusual method of action. Synthetic indole derivative kills gram-positive bacteria by quenching the respiratory metabolism pathway.

The present study has been undertaken to use the Internet by the Faculty and academic staff members: A survey study of Swift Group of Colleges Rajpura in the disciplines of Medical Science. A well structured questionnaire was distributed among the faculty and academic staff members of two selected departments of Swift Group of Colleges Rajpura. The responses were gathered from 35 users (23 Teachers and 15 academic staff members). The most significant finding was that 85.7% SGOC respondents i.e. teachers and academic staff members used the Internet daily, 8.57% weekly followed by 5.71% thrice in a week. Majority of them 60.0% respondents were mostly using the E-journals under the internet resources, while 32.0% were E-database and 8.0% E-Books use it with the requirement of Information need. It was suggested that the library should organize training programme for the information professionals so that they can know about different search interface, latest changes of the journals site and develop sophisticated searching and retrieval skills or techniques. It was also suggested that the speed of Internet should be increased so that the respondents can speedily access the information and utilize the information i.e. research work, education work, writing paper/presenting paper, administrative work, entertainment and also their download relevant materials.

Soil bioavailability of phosphorus (P) is a major concern for crop productivity worldwide. As phosphatic fertilizers are a non-renewable resource associated with economic and environmental issues so, the sustainable option is to develop P use efficient crop varieties. We phenotyped 82 diverse wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) accessions in soil and hydroponics at low and sufficient P. To identify the genic regions for P efficiency traits, the accessions were genotyped using the 35 K-SNP array and genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed. The high-quality SNPs across the genomes were evenly distributed with polymorphic information content values varying between 0.090 and 0.375. Structure analysis revealed three subpopulations (C1, C2, C3) and the phenotypic responses of these subpopulations were assessed for P efficiency traits. The C2 subpopulation showed the highest genetic variance and heritability values for numerous agronomically important traits as well as strong correlation under both P levels in soil and hydroponics. GWAS revealed 78 marker-trait associations (MTAs) but only 35 MTAs passed Bonferroni Correction. A total of 297 candidate genes were identified for these MTAs and their annotation suggested their involvement in several biological process. Out of 35, nine (9) MTAs were controlling polygenic trait (two controlling four traits, one controlling three traits and six controlling two traits). These multi-trait MTAs (each controlling two or more than two correlated traits) could be utilized for improving bread wheat to tolerate low P stress through marker-assisted selection (MAS).

Postharvest fungal pathogenic invasions are the major root cause of reduced shelf life of kinnow fruit, thereby contributing to the postharvest losses. Development of eco-friendly alternates are the need of the hour owing to health safety concerns for replacing the ongoing synthetic fungicide use. Essential oils with promising antimicrobial activities offer a promising solution but their hydrophobicity poses a big hindrance for exploiting the same. Present work was planned to explore their antimicrobial potential by developing their hydrophilic formulation with the use of nanotechnology. An in vitro study was conducted to assess the efficacy Monarda citriodora essential oil (MCEO) and its emulsions against major postharvest fungal pathogen of Kinnow; Penicillium digitatum . Both micro and nano formulations were prepared for different ratios of MCEO (0.5 to 3%) with different surfactant combinations and oil-surfactant-ratios (OSR) of 1:1 to 1:3. The influence of several process factors such as surfactant and oil phase concentrations, as well as sonication time intervals on emulsion stability was investigated by assessing attributes such as droplet diameter, Polydispersity index (PDI), zeta (ζ) potential and rheology. An emulsion formulated with 1% oil and 1:1 OSR treated with ultrasonic waves for 15 min was optimized with droplet diameter of 52.2 nm, 0.245 PDI and − 21 mV of ζ potential with consistent stability till 1 month. Further, in vitro antifungal activity of the optimized MCEO nanoemulsion exhibited the best efficacy with 100% inhibition at 200 mg L −1 . Graphical Abstract

In Latin America, an estimated 75 million people are at risk of NCC, 400 000 of whom are symptomatic. [...]symptomatic patients may represent only the proverbial tip of the iceberg. 3 Clinical symptoms are minimal or absent in patients with parasite infestation outside the central nervous system. Seizures usually respond well to first-line antiepileptic drugs. 1 Identification of the scolex on CT or MRI in a cystic lesion is considered an absolute criterion for diagnosis of cysticercosis. 7 A CT chest scan usually reveals the non-specific appearance of multiple small nodules in random distribution in bilateral lungs, which need to be differentiated from fungal, tubercular and metastatic causes. 6 However, in a patient from an endemic region, with concomitant lesions with scolex in the chest wall, subcutaneous tissues, cardiac muscles, lungs, brain and orbits, disseminated cysticercosis should be considered the primary diagnosis.