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This study focuses on a theme that belongs to history but relies considerably on the tools of sociology in general and the sociology of demography in particular. Indeed, diseases and epidemics in Morocco in the 19th century significantly affected the social aspects and, as a result, caused considerable demographic haemorrhages and tribal migrations. It also placed the power in place in the face of challenges that threatened its symbolic, religious and political status, and as a result, the economic field underwent several transformations. In other words, Morocco found itself faced with a natural force and a turbulent and tense internal situation, so the sultans of Morocco were forced to intervene to restore stability in the light of a fragile social situation and the emergence of opposition movements stemming from tribes and brotherhoods (Zawaya), in which loyalties change according to circumstances and contexts. The study of diseases and epidemics in Morocco in the 19th century will help us to understand the state of social, economic, and political formation and to follow and understand its transformations. Therefore, the object of our work calls for a socio-historical approach making it possible to follow the transformations, understand their nature, and trace trajectories. It will also help to understand what Morocco experienced at the beginning of the 20th century regarding disintegration and imperial penetration, which paved the way for the imposition of protection and its inclusion in later colonized countries.