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“Clinician-scientist” is a term used to designate specialists who engage in both clinical and research activities, including biomedical, epidemiological or clinical research. In recent years, a general decline has been observed in the number of medical trainees who choose to combine patient care and a scientific career. Many factors have been proposed to explain this decline: economic constraints, duration of training, complexity of techniques used in biomedical research (from neuroimaging and genetics to informatics), and rapid pace of advances, but also complexity of the care for patients, cost reductions, increasing workload, and social changes (personal interest, level of pay, quality of life, and work-life balance in particular). At a deeper level, some authors have even questioned the possibility to reconcile research and clinical activity. Of course, research in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) is important to deepen our understanding of mental disorders and to improve their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. However, there is often a gap between researchers and clinicians, between animal models and patients, and between wet labs and hospitals, that impedes the correct and smooth translation between basic research and clinical practice. In this context, there is still a strong need for physicians who can transform clinical questions into research hypotheses. On the other hand, we need physicians who understand cutting-edge research to integrate new findings into evidence-based clinical practice. Furthermore, for clinicians, research represents a unique way to step back from their daily clinical practice and to challenge it. Given the difficulties mentioned above, the question that arises is how we could help young trainees to accept and maintain the dual role of a clinician-scientist (not to mention the teaching part and administrative duties)?

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), while characterized by attention problems, hyperactivity and impulsivity, essentially is a phenotypically heterogenous disorder. Social cognition disorders are important in ADHD, particularly in children due to their role in difficulties in social relations. Social cognition is crucial for the individual to build relations with others and through such relations inform social behavior. It has been suggested that sub-units of social cognition such as facial recognition and empathy are related to oxytocin. It is thought that individuals diagnosed with ADHD, for whom such skills are less readily available, have difficulties communicating on a social scale. PubMed medical search engine was used to identify the studies and review articles on oxytocin and ADHD. While the oxytocin gene and the oxytocin receptor gene are extensively studied in autism spectrum disorders, data on ADHD is scarce. Oxytocin, known as a mediator of social behavior, also affects the phenotype of ADHD, a disease subject to genetic and environmental influences determining its phenotype and individual case differences.

Trichotillomania is characterized by recurring hair pulling behavior and repeated attempts to decrease or stop the behavior. This behavior can cause a trichobezoar, which is a mass of hair found in the stomach. Patients with diagnosed celiac disease may have an urge to swallow their hair due to iron or folat deficiency, which is called pica. We report a case of an 11-year old girl with celiac disease who has had trichotillomania for a duration of 2 years, and required an operation due to residual gastric hair mass. In this case trichotillomania was more likely caused by behavioral disorders secondary to celiac disease, rather than the iron deficiency due to malabsorption.

Eating disorders are a growing health problem among adolescents and have increasingly become the focus of studies due to their prevalence. Both obesity and anorexia nervosa are associated maladaptive eating behaviours that may be relevant to development. With this case report, it is intended to discuss the diagnosis and management of a female adolescent patient, diagnosed with obesity and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A 16-year-old, female, obese adolescent was referred to our in-patient clinic due to maladaptive eating styles, depressive symptoms and ADHD symptoms. Her early course of illness, diagnostic process, treatment and short-term outcome are described. At the time of discharge, the patient’s Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale severity item score was 2 (borderline mentally ill) and CGI improvement item score was 2 (much improved). We report the present case with the purpose of establishing a pediatric approach to obesity, a disease not included in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 under eating disorders, yet we believe it shares common underlying genetic and environmental causes.

Aim: Callous and unemotional traits such as the inability to make emotional communication, and the lack of feelings of guilt and empathy are frequently found in the young with antisocial manners, who are at increased risk for violent behavior in the future. We aimed to identify the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the “Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits-Youth Form” (ICU-TR). Materials and Methods: The ICU-TR was administered to 301 students, and only 250 completely filled out forms have been included in the study. One hundred students filled out the ICU-TR 3 weeks later for test-retest reliability. The factor structure of the scale has been studied with principle component analysis, and reliability measured with Cronbach’s alpha. Pearson correlation is used for criterion-related validity and test-retest reliability. Results: The mean age of the cases was 14.38, with 68% male and 32% female. Factor analysis supported a two factorial structure. The first factor (callousness) had 12 items (Eigen value=4.8; r=0.58, p<0.001); the second factor (uncaring) had 11 items (Eigen value=2.3; r=0.64, p<0.001). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.55, 0.77 for the callousness subscale, and 0.58 for the uncaring subscale. Test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.88 (p<0.001). Conclusion: The construct validity of ICU-TR was shown by factor analysis. The result is that test-retest reliability, sub-scale and total scale reliability are all sufficient.