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"Kang, Yong"
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Autophagy and inflammation in ischemic stroke
Appropriate autophagy has protective effects on ischemic nerve tissue, while excessive autophagy may cause cell death. The inflammatory response plays an important role in the survival of nerve cells and the recovery of neural tissue after ischemia. Many studies have found an interaction between autophagy and inflammation in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. This study outlines recent advances regarding the role of autophagy in the post-stroke inflammatory response as follows. (1) Autophagy inhibits inflammatory responses caused by ischemic stimulation through mTOR, the AMPK pathway, and inhibition of inflammasome activation. (2) Activation of inflammation triggers the formation of autophagosomes, and the upregulation of autophagy levels is marked by a significant increase in the autophagy-forming markers LC3-II and Beclin-1. Lipopolysaccharide stimulates microglia and inhibits ULK1 activity by direct phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, reducing the flux and autophagy level, thereby inducing inflammatory activity. (3) By blocking the activation of autophagy, the activation of inflammasomes can alleviate cerebral ischemic injury. Autophagy can also regulate the phenotypic alternation of microglia through the nuclear factor-κB pathway, which is beneficial to the recovery of neural tissue after ischemia. Studies have shown that some drugs such as resveratrol can exert neuroprotective effects by regulating the autophagy-inflammatory pathway. These studies suggest that the autophagy-inflammatory pathway may provide a new direction for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Journal Article
Tuning local chemistry of P2 layered-oxide cathode for high energy and long cycles of sodium-ion battery
Layered transition-metal oxides have attracted intensive interest for cathode materials of sodium-ion batteries. However, they are hindered by the limited capacity and inferior phase transition due to the gliding of transition-metal layers upon Na
+
extraction and insertion in the cathode materials. Here, we report that the large-sized K
+
is riveted in the prismatic Na
+
sites of P2-Na
0.612
K
0.056
MnO
2
to enable more thermodynamically favorable Na
+
vacancies. The Mn-O bonds are reinforced to reduce phase transition during charge and discharge. 0.901 Na
+
per formula are reversibly extracted and inserted, in which only the two-phase transition of P2 ↔ P’2 occurs at low voltages. It exhibits the highest specific capacity of 240.5 mAh g
−1
and energy density of 654 Wh kg
−1
based on the redox of Mn
3+
/Mn
4+
, and a capacity retention of 98.2% after 100 cycles. This investigation will shed lights on the tuneable chemical environments of transition-metal oxides for advanced cathode materials and promote the development of sodium-ion batteries.
High-capacity and structural stable cathode materials are challenges for sodium-ion batteries. Here, the authors report a layered P2-Na
0.612
K
0.056
MnO
2
with large-sized K
+
riveted in the Na-layers to enable 0.9 Na
+
(de)insertion with a reversible phase transition of P2-P’2.
Journal Article
Conversion therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of precision medicine: Current status, challenges and opportunities
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent malignancy of the digestive tract, is characterized by a high mortality rate and poor prognosis, primarily due to its initial diagnosis at an advanced stage that precludes any surgical intervention. Recent advancements in systemic therapies have significantly improved oncological outcomes for intermediate and advanced‐stage HCC, and the combination of locoregional and systemic therapies further facilitates tumor downstaging and increases the likelihood of surgical resectability for initially unresectable cases following conversion therapies. This shift toward high conversion rates with novel, multimodal treatment approaches has become a principal pathway for prolonged survival in patients with advanced HCC. However, the field of conversion therapy for HCC is marked by controversies, including the selection of potential surgical candidates, formulation of conversion therapy regimens, determination of optimal surgical timing, and application of adjuvant therapy post‐surgery. Addressing these challenges and refining clinical protocols and research in HCC conversion therapy is essential for setting the groundwork for future advancements in treatment strategies and clinical research. This narrative review comprehensively summarizes the current strategies and clinical experiences in conversion therapy for advanced‐stage HCC, emphasizing the unresolved issues and the path forward in the context of precision medicine. This work not only provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of treatment modalities for conversion therapy but also paves the way for future studies and innovations in this field. Setting a foundation for future research and advancements in HCC treatment, aligning with the emerging paradigm of precision medicine; addressing the need for a holistic approach in managing advanced‐stage HCC, and advocating for a balance between aggressive treatment and quality of life considerations.
Journal Article
Manganese based layered oxides with modulated electronic and thermodynamic properties for sodium ion batteries
Manganese based layered oxides have received increasing attention as cathode materials for sodium ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacities and good sodium ion conductivities. However, the Jahn–Teller distortion arising from the manganese (III) centers destabilizes the host structure and deteriorates the cycling life. Herein, we report that zinc-doped Na
0.833
[Li
0.25
Mn
0.75
]O
2
can not only suppress the Jahn–Teller effect but also reduce the inherent phase separations. The reduction of manganese (III) amount in the zinc-doped sample, as predicted by first-principles calculations, has been confirmed by its high binding energies and the reduced octahedral structural variations. In the viewpoint of thermodynamics, the zinc-doped sample has lower formation energy, more stable ground states, and fewer spinodal decomposition regions than those of the undoped sample, all of which make it charge or discharge without any phase transition. Hence, the zinc-doped sample shows superior cycling performance, demonstrating that zinc doping is an effective strategy for developing high-performance layered cathode materials.
Mn-based layered oxides are promising cathode materials for next generation sodium ion batteries. To address two existing issues facing the system, here the authors show that a simple zinc doping can suppress both Jahn–Teller distortion and phase separation, enabling enhanced cycling performance.
Journal Article
Current status of surgical treatment of rectal cancer in China
With the changing lifestyle and the acceleration of aging in the Chinese population, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) have risen in the last decades. On the contrary, the incidence and mortality of CRC have continued to decline in the USA since the 1980s, which is mainly attributed to early screening and standardized diagnosis and treatment. Rectal cancer accounts for the largest proportion of CRC in China, and its treatment regimens are complex. At present, surgical treatment is still the most important treatment for rectal cancer. Since the first Chinese guideline for diagnosis and treatment of CRC was issued in 2010, the fourth version has been revised in 2020. These guidelines have greatly promoted the standardization and internationalization of CRC diagnosis and treatment in China. And with the development of comprehensive treatment methods such as neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, the post-operative quality of life and prognosis of patients with rectal cancer have improved. We believe that the inflection point of the rising incidence and mortality of rectal cancer will appear in the near future in China. This article reviewed the current status and research progress on surgical therapy of rectal cancer in China.
Journal Article
Getting to the bottom of transition metal dissolution
Multidimensional synchrotron in operando studies of the electrode–electrolyte interface disclose the manganese dissolution and redeposition dynamics on the electrodes upon cycling.
Journal Article
Historical evolution and processing mechanism of ‘nine steaming and nine drying’ of traditional Chinese medicine preparation
Nine steaming and nine drying is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) processing method and it is widely used for processing tonifying herbs. Modern research reveals that the repeated steaming and drying process varies the composition and clinical efficacy of TCM.
This paper analyzes and explores the historical evolution, research progress, development strategies, and problems encountered in the nine steaming and nine drying process so as to provide a reasonable explanation for this method.
English and Chinese literature from 1986 to 2023 was collected from databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 (CP), and CNKI (Chinese). Nine steaming and nine drying, processing, TCM and pharmacological activity were used as the key words.
Nine steaming and nine drying has undergone thousands of years of clinical practice. Under specific processing conditions of nine steaming and nine drying, the ingredients of the TCM have significant changes, which in turn altered clinical applications.
This review provides sufficient evidence to prove the rationality and scientific value of nine steaming and nine drying and puts forward a development direction for future research.
Journal Article