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This study aimed to enhance the characteristic properties of chickpea proteins enriched with quercetin by incorporating whey proteins. For this, whey proteins were supplemented into the film systems at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% of the total protein content, and these formulations were labeled as CWF1, CWF2, CWF3, CWF4, and CWF5, in that order. Negative control (CF) was designed with chickpea protein alone. Essential amino acid content of chickpea protein (16.48%) was higher than that of whey protein (8.09%). FTIR spectra revealed protein–protein interactions occurred within film systems. Raising the whey protein content above 40% led to morphological issues in the films. Differences in moisture content, thickness, color, and opacity were obvious (p < 0.05). As the protein content boasted, a decrease in solubility and an increase in the swelling ratio of the films was detected (p < 0.05). CWF4 exhibited enhanced barriers and mechanical properties, followed by CWF3, CWF2, CWF1, CF, and CWF5 (p < 0.05). Moreover, in food simulators, quercetin release from films was monitored, and the highest release of quercetin occurred in 50% ethanol, followed by water and 95% ethanol. Ultimately, highly functional quercetin-loaded edible films, especially CWF4, stood out in protecting fresh strawberries.

This paper aims to determine the potential for using medicinal aromatic plants, which have been considered living heritage since prehistoric times, in urban landscapes. The area of study covers Malatya City and its counties, which are found in Eastern Anatolia, a region of importance in terms of the endemic species in Turkey. Malatya is specifically selected as the study area, as the city’s geomorphological, hydrological and climatic characteristics favour a high floral diversity. The methods used in this paper consist of five stages: floristic field works conducted in Battalgazi county (Malatya) in the scope of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Project No. 217O290, the identification of the plants by a taxonomist, the determination of the medicinal and aromatic species in other counties of Malatya based on literature review, the establishment of criteria for the application potential of the identified species in landscape designs and the assessment of the use of the identified species in landscape architecture according to the parameters set in the criteria. Aromatic medicinal species were analysed to generate planting designs in landscape projects; the aesthetic properties (flower, leaf and fruit characteristics), sensory properties (scent and texture), seasonal change characteristics (flowering period and colour change) and use areas (flower parterres, solitary plantings, live fences and site coverings) of the plants were analysed. As a result of ethnobotanical and floristic studies carried out within the boundaries of the study area, a total of 189 medical aromatic species were identified. A total of 157 of these species were herbaceous plants. In conclusion, it was determined that 80 aromatic medicinal species conform to the planting design criteria and could be used in landscape designs in Malatya City.

In the current study, yogurts containing instant stevia powder (ISP) at varying proportions (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g/100 mL) were perused in terms of physicochemical attributes, textural behavior, antioxidant activity, and sensory acceptability during 14 day storage at 4 °C. For this, bioactive components extracted by using microwave-assisted system were spray dried in optimum conditions (11 mL/min flow rate and 167 °C inlet air temperature) and then incorporated into yogurts. The minimal syneresis value (17.09 g/100 g) at the day of 14 was detected in ISP (0.4 g/100 mL)-supplemented yogurts while this value was reached to 19.45 g/100 g in control counterpart without stevia powder. Enriching yogurts with powders was a plausible way for boosting their mechanical properties. The antioxidative parameters namely total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC values were tendency to increase with ISP increment in yogurts. Low scores in sensory evaluation were detected in yogurts loaded with ISP above a certain amount (more than 0.2 g/100 mL). Sum up, the findings proved that the hypotheses (fabricating innovative dairy product rich in bioactive substances and maintaining quality parameters of yogurts during storage) predicted for this study were successfully achieved.

The present study focused on the inclusion of tomato leaves-derived DNA nanoparticles into the production processes of natural hydrogel models. UV–VIS spectrophotometer and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed for investigating DNA purity. DNA powders were qualified in terms of particle size and zeta potential. Various amounts of DNA nanoparticles were integrated into pea protein-derived hydrogels. Gel namely PPDH 1 , PPDH 2 , PPDH 3 , and PPDH 4 were prepared in the presence of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% (w/v) DNA. Locust bean gum (LBG) instead of DNA was utilized in the production of positive control (PPLH). Negative control (PPH) was created with pea protein alone. FTIR spectra, molecular visualization, and thermal stabilities of hydrogels were debated. Their morphological structures were monitored by SEM. Incorporating DNA to hydrogel resulted in the development of water-holding capacity (PPDH 1 : 93.54%, PPDH 2 : 94.93%, PPDH 3 : 91.12%, PPDH 4 : 82.16%, PPH: 50.25%) and swelling ratio (PPDH 1 : 10.04%, PPDH 2 : 12.33%, PPDH 3 : 7.76%, PPDH 4 : 5.91%; PPH: 6.77%). Also, protein leachability showed that the presence of nanoparticles contributed to preventing leakage of proteins from the system. Moreover, in general, superior values in terms of mechanical (textural/rheology) behaviors were obvious in PPDH 2 . Awareness in ascorbic acid release for PPDH 2 was apparent in sodium phosphate buffer and in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Moreover, hydrogels for stability tests were stored for 15 days. Findings indicated that increasing DNA concentration above a certain level led to unwelcome side effects on functional behavior and structural strength of natural hydrogels. Ultimately, approaches and findings will be a guide for future studies regarding biosensor hydrogel and drug delivery systems.

Bu çalışmada, Malatya İli Florası araştırılmıştır. 2012-2015 yılları arası çalışma alanından 3.816 bitki örneği toplanmıştır. Malatya ili içerisinde çalışma öncesine kadar yapılan lokal çalışmalar ve topladığımız örneklerin değerlendirilmesi sonucu 107 familya ve 586 cinse ait 2.075 tür saptanmıştır.Malatya ilinde bulunan türlerin 437’si (%21,1) endemiktir. Toplanan türler arasından sadece 1.135 türün fitocoğrafik bölgesi tespit edilmiş olup, bunların fitocoğrafik bölgelere dağılımı ve oranları sırasıyla şöyledir: Iran-Turan elementleri 892 (%42,81), Akdeniz elementleri 163 (%7,82), Avrupa-Sibirya elementleri 80 (%3,84), çok bölgeli veya fitocoğrafik bölgesi bilinmeyenler ise 940 (% 45,54)’tür.Malatya ilinde bulunan türlerin 437’si (%21,1) endemiktir. Toplanan türler arasından sadece 1.135 türün fitocoğrafik bölgesi tespit edilmiş olup, bunların fitocoğrafik bölgelere dağılımı ve oranları sırasıyla şöyledir: Iran-Turan elementleri 892 (%42,81), Akdeniz elementleri 163 (%7,82), Avrupa-Sibirya elementleri 80 (%3,84), çok bölgeli veya fitocoğrafik bölgesi bilinmeyenler ise 940 (% 45,54)’tür.Malatya ilinde bulunan türlerin 9 tür Pteridophyta divizyosuna, 2.066 tür ise Spermatophyta divizyosuna aittir. Gymnospermae altdivizyosu 19 türe, Angiospermae altdivizyosu 2.047 türe sahiptir. Angiospermlerden 1.745 tür Dicotyledone ve 302 tür Monocotyledone sınıfına aittir.Tür zenginliği bakımından büyük familyaların ilk beşi aşağıdaki gibidir: Asteraceae 250 (%12,25), Fabaceae 215 (% 10,38), Brassicaceae 150 (% 7,45), Lamiaceae 125 (% 6), Poaceae 124 (% 5,96). Tür zenginliği bakımından büyük cinslerin ilk altısı aşağıdaki gibidir: Astragalus 74 (%3,55), Alyssum 30 (% 1,44), Allium 28 (%1,34), Verbascum 26 (%1,24), Silene 26 (1,24) ve Veronica 26 (%1,24).Bu çalışma ile Ornithogalum malatyanum, Sisiymbrium malatyanum ve Campanula malatyaensis olmak üzere üç yeni tür tanımlanmıştır.

This paper handled the Maillard reaction under controlled conditions to conjugate sour cherry seed protein isolate (SCPI) with gum Arabic (GA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and pectin (P) polysaccharides. Characteristic investigations for conjugates were conducted by browning intensity, glycation degree, amino acid, FTIR, SEM, and TGA analyses. After glycation, the level of lysine and arginine declined. Conjugation process displayed beneficial efficacy on techno-functional attributes, namely solubility, water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, foaming capacity/stability and emulsion activity/stability of SCPI but maximum values in terms of these attributes were variable according to conjugate type. Stability index of emulsions stabilized by using conjugates including SCPI-GA (0.87 R), SCPI-CMC (0.94 R), and SCPI-P (0.95 R) was superior than that of SCPI alone (0.60 R). Centrifugal precipitation rate was 59.17, 36.04, 32.61, and 30.92% for emulsions prepared in the presence of SCPI, SCPI-GA, SCPI-CMC, and SCPI-P, respectively. Resilience to freeze-thawed, pH-shifting, various salt concentrations, and different temperature applications of emulsions were investigated to evaluate emulsifier behavior of protein and conjugates in food systems. Findings showed that emulsifying properties of the conjugates prepared using P and CMC came to the fore compared to SCPI alone and SCPI-GA.

Today, synthetic drugs with side effects on health are used as agents for treating diseases. Moreover, these agents are utilized in the treatment of one specific disease. Consequently, it is essential to develop natural systems that do not harm health and instead foster healing for a range of diseases upon consumption. Therefore, the study focused on examining the behavior of nanocarriers containing the combination of Quercus infectoria gall‐derived phenolic powder (GP) and pomegranate seed‐derived peptide (BP) on type 2 diabetes and hypertension in the in vitro gastrointestinal tract. Firstly, the plausible conditions (enzyme type: Alcalase and enzyme‐to‐protein ratio: 1/20, w/w) for BP production were performed. Nanoliposomal systems having four different natures were called B‐NL (nanoliposome prepared without phyto‐active), GP‐NL (phenolic‐loaded nanoliposome), BP‐NL (peptide‐loaded nanoliposome), and GPBP‐NL (both phenolic and peptide‐loaded nanoliposome). The conversion of protein to peptide resulted in the disappearance of characteristic protein bands in SDS‐PAGE. FTIR spectra indicated that physical interactions predominated within nanocarriers. SEM images showed the dominance of spherical structures for all samples. Particle size (228.90‐364.30 nm), polydispersity index (PDI: 0.10‐0.48), zeta potential (14.50‐17.00 mV), and encapsulation efficiency (EE: 86.33%–90.30%) of nanoliposomes were elaborated. Bioaccessibility of GP (40.05%) and BP (38.09%) was lower than those of their nano‐encased forms (85.92%–87.03%). Also, GP‐NL, BP‐NL, and GPBP‐NL displayed superior inhibition activity toward key enzymes associated with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in the micellar phase compared to their uncoated forms. Ultimately, innovative bifunctional nanocarriers with high potential for treating diabetes and hypertension were developed. Multifunctional nanoliposomes containing phenolics and peptides were designed. Nanoparticles exhibited desirable antidiabetic actions in the micellar phase. Hypertension‐limiting systems were produced for evaluating in vivo applications.

Bu çalışmada, Tohma vadisi (Gürün-Darende) florası araştırılmıştır. Araştırma alanından 2007-2009 yıllarında 1466 bitki örneği toplanmış, çalışmalar sonunda 80 familya, 312 cinse ait 680 tür saptanmıştır.Alanda bulunan türlerin 128'i ( %18,82) endemiktir. Toplanan türler arasından sadece 237 türün fitocoğrafik bölgesi tespit edilmiş olup, bunların fitocoğrafik bölgelere dağılımı ve oranları sırasıyla şöyledir: Iran-Turan elementleri 189 (%27,80), Akdeniz elementleri 27 (%3,97), Avrupa-Sibirya elementleri 21 (%3,09), çok bölgeli veya fitocoğrafik bölgesi bilinmeyenler ise 443 (% 65,14)'tür.Alandaki taksonlardan 5 tür Pteridophyta divizyosuna, 675 tür ise Spermatophyta divizyosuna aittir. Gymnospermae altdivizyosu 7 türe, Angiospermae altdivizyosu 668 türe sahiptir. Angiospermlerden 574 tür Dicotyledone ve 94 tür Monocotyledone sınıfına aittir.Tür zenginliği bakımından büyük familyaların ilk beşi aşağıdaki gibidir: Asteraceae 86 (% 12,64), Brassicaceae 62 (% 9,12), Fabaceae 56 (% 8,23), Poaceae 56 (% 8,23), Lamiaceae 43 (% 6,32). Tür zenginliği bakımından büyük cinslerin ilk beşi aşağıdaki gibidir: Astragalus 20 (%2, 94), Centaurea 14 (% 2,06), Hypericum 12 (%1,76), Alyssum 11 (%1,62) ve Salvia 10 (%1,47).Araştırma alanının içinde yer aldığı B6 karesi için 62 bitki türü yeni kayıt olarak bulunmuştur.

Investigating the daily life experiences of patients using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) can highlight the benefits and barriers in using this system for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with the caregivers of 10 children aged <9 years, all of whom had been treated for T1D and had used CGM >6 months. These interviews were analyzed using the content analysis approach and from these interviews, four meta themes emerged: metabolic control, barriers to CGM use, CGM use in daily life, and comparison with fingersticks. Families reported the following as benefits of CGM: pain relief, better hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia management, increased control over diet and social life, reduced worries at school and during the night, and convenience in entrusting the child to the care of others. Cost, concerns related to accuracy and reliability of measurements, insertion, adhesion and removal issues all emerged as barriers to CGM use. The most prominent issue was the economic burden of CGM. Families accept this burden, even though it is challenging, as their experiences in using CGM are positive and they feel that CGM is necessary for T1D management.